Big Organizations Research Articles

Power to the people: The benefits and limits of employee self‐selection in organizations

AbstractResearch SummaryOne of the key features of boss‐less organizations is self‐selection, where each employee is allowed to both initiate and join projects freely. While this approach has been gaining in popularity within many big and small organizations, we have a limited understanding of its properties, limitations, and key mechanisms. In this article, we analyze the efficacy and boundary conditions of employee self‐selection with respect to project selection and employee allocation. Our results suggest that the relative balance between an organization's human capital and the number of opportunities it faces plays a critical role in determining the advantages of self‐selection, which performs better when human capital is scarce relative to opportunities. We also examine common policies that organizations use to further improve the efficacy of self‐selection.Managerial SummarySelf‐selection or allowing employees to either launch their own or join existing projects freely, has been recently gaining in popularity. Companies across different industries have found this approach advantageous and have been pursuing it either across the entire organization, in selected units, or part time. In this article, we formally analyze the advantages and disadvantages of self‐selection and its different variants. We show that self‐selection is best pursued in organizations where the magnitude of opportunities outstrips available human resources. However, in environments where opportunities worth pursuing are in short supply relative to available employees, hierarchical arrangements tend to fare much better. We put forth a set of conditions that can help managers decide when self‐selection would be appropriate and when it may hurt performance.

Health system description and assessment: a review of systematic tools for analyses

Abstract Introduction Comparing health systems allows policymakers to benchmark against other countries, and improve processes and performance. A template to guide authors on how to present systems' features and performance in a meaningful manner is the basis for understanding and assessing a country's health system. This study presents an overview of approaches for standardized descriptions and analyses of health systems. Methods We conceptualized four criteria to define a “template” for our analysis. It must have (1) a framework, (2) a list of indicators, (3) instructions for authors on how to write an informative document, and (4) should cover health systems design and performance. Based on these criteria we searched the academic and grey literature, and the web for templates. Results We found 29 tools that can be used as templates to describe and assess health systems. While ten tools are comprehensive, 19 tools focus on specific topics such as primary care, universal coverage, and quality of care. Another 21 tools focused on health system performance assessment but cannot serve as templates, as we define it. Most tools were developed by big organizations such as WHO, OECD and USAID. Discussion New models of governance and accountability are leading to increased interest in health system performance. A good template is key to write documents with an organized, coherent and meaningful description and assessment of a health system while allowing for cross-country comparison. We found ten tools that may serve as models of comprehensive templates, while most tools focus on specific topics or on performance assessment only. Conclusions This study provides a first-ever overview of templates that analyze health systems features and performance. Future studies could explore successful examples to consolidate a template that may potentially improve analysis and comparison of health systems in order to support policymaking. Key messages We found ten comprehensive tools for describing and assessing health systems. Our overview may help to improve existing templates by learning from experiences of different organizations.

Adoption of Online Resources to Improve the Marketing Performance of SMEs

With the increase in the pace of globalization, SMEs are facing stiff competition from multinational firms. The entrepreneurs owning SMEs have fewer funds, but they need to improve the output of their organizations. Technology adoption can help owners of SMEs to match up with the pace of multinational firms because it can increase their reach and improve overall performance. In this paper, the authors will discuss whether online resource adoption (social media, e-commerce, technology 4.0) will enhance the marketing standard of small and medium enterprises or not. SMEs can achieve economies of scale because of the prominent usage of technology. The findings of this paper will help owners/managers of Indian SMEs to understand the use of online resources in improving marketing within a limited budget. COVID-19 has also pushed all the organizations towards the usage of technology. Either big or small organizations, none of them can ignore the use of technical sources for marketing in this digital era.

“I see something you don’t see”: A computational analysis of the Digital Services Act and the Digital Markets Act

In its latest proposals, the Digital Markets Act (DMA) and Digital Services Act (DSA), the European Commission puts forward several new obligations for online intermediaries, especially large online platforms and “gatekeepers.” Both are expected to serve as a blueprint for regulation in the United States, where lawmakers have also been investigating competition on digital platforms and new antitrust laws passed the House Judiciary Committee as of June 11, 2021. This Article investigates whether all stakeholder groups share the same understanding and use of the relevant terms and concepts of the DSA and DMA. Leveraging the power of computational text analysis, we find significant differences in the employment of terms like “gatekeepers,” “self-preferencing,” “collusion,” and others in the position papers of the consultation process that informed the drafting of the two latest Commission proposals. Added to that, sentiment analysis shows that in some cases these differences also come with dissimilar attitudes. While this may not be surprising for new concepts such as gatekeepers or self-preferencing, the same is not true for other terms, like “self-regulatory,” which not only is used differently by stakeholders but is also viewed more favorably by medium and big companies and organizations than by small ones. We conclude by sketching out how different computational text analysis tools, could be combined to provide many helpful insights for both rulemakers and legal scholars.

Performance comparison between Chaos and quantum-chaos based image encryption techniques.

Today’s digital era has undertaken most of the responsibilities of public and private sectors, not only the industries or big organizations dependent on the internet but individual’s household needs also lying on it. To make the data transmission/reception confidential and secure for both internet users and internet service providers, a large number of researches have been done in this field. It has proved that cryptography is the best solution for solving this purpose. Mostly, digital images are continuously transferring on the network rather than texts. Enciphering a digital image is a much bulkier and a complex task. It has been evident from many types of research that chaotic logistic map-based equations provide a great level of randomness. Hence Chaotic logistic maps-based image encryption techniques (also called chaos techniques) were implemented to obtain highly random cipher images. On the other hand, time consumption must be as low as it can be possible to sustain real-time communication. Presently, the advanced encryption schemes based on quantum technology have enhanced efficiency and security because of having a large key-space and less time complexity along with randomness. The quantum-chaos based encryption is done by utilizing uncertainty principles of quantum mechanics on logistic maps. This paper is an effort to compare chaos and quantum chaos-based image encryption schemes. MATLAB 2016a software is used for the execution and the comparison is made based on various security attack analyses. Based on the study and experimental results, the quantum chaos techniques used for bit plane scrambling provides better results in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and trustworthy that can be adopted for highly secured image encryption.

The aspect of vast data management problem in healthcare sector and implementation of cloud computing technique

In general the task of data management in the healthcare sector is a gargantuan duty. There are millions of patients and the data need to be stored carefully for the utilization in the future for general and public concern. In order to cope up with the situation the healthcare industry tries to merge their system with cloud computing for better implementation The main purpose of the present study is to evaluate the implementation of cloud computing in the management of vast data in the healthcare sector. Different units use the cloud computing technology in recent times for upbringing the work culture and in order to overcome the issues related to the system. Secondary data has been collected from different authentic sources for the present research and systematic and thematic analysis have been employed. The data has been collected from journals and scholarly articles from 2016 to 2021. The healthcare unit is basically a multidimensional system that aims to prevent, diagnose and treat diseases in order to develop a society with less health and mental complications. The research has shown a relationship between the data management in the healthcare industry and the cloud computing system that can be helpful for the sector. In many of the cases the big industries or business organizations need a proper implication of data management platforms in order to improve the customer engagement system that can help in harnessing the business. Cloud computing can become a definite part of the healthcare industry in future. In the present scenario the healthcare industry is facing enormous challenges due to the pandemic and the need for advanced technology is increasing in this sector.

Quality Management System at NPLI: Transition of ISO/IEC 17025 From 2005 to 2017 and Implementation of ISO 17034: 2016

ISO/IEC 17025 is the single most popular and well adopted international standard which is applicable for any testing and calibration laboratories irrespective of size of the laboratories. Similarly, ISO 17034 is also very important international standard for development/production of reference materials (RMs) by competent producers. CSIR-National Physical Laboratory of India (NPLI) was one of the 38 National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) those who signed International Committee for Weights and Measures Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA) during 21st General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) meeting in Paris, France on 14th October, 1999. NPLI has been maintaining quality system based on ISO/IEC 17025 for more than two decades to fulfil the requirements of CIPM MRA. NPLI has participated in 130 international inter-comparisons so far; some of them were also piloted by NPLI. NPLI has also undergone International Peer Reviews through Asia Pacific Metrology Programme (APMP) to register 236 Calibration and Measurement Capabilities (CMCs) on various parameters in International Bureau of Weights and Measures Key Comparison Database (BIPM KCDB). However, NPLI for the first time implemented uniform quality system based on ISO 17034 in 2020. In this direction, NPLI for the first time prepared integrated Quality Manual to make policies, objectives and procedures addressing all the requirements of both the standards. Presently, 28 Sub-Divisions of NPLI follow quality system. Some of the Sub-Divisions are involved only in calibration/testing activities maintain only ISO/IEC 17025: 2017. Similarly, some of the Sub-Divisions are involved only in development/production of RMs/certified reference materials (CRMs) (Bharatiya Nirdeshak Dravya, BND®–Indian Reference Material) maintain only ISO 17034. On the other hand, few Sub-Divisions are involved both in calibration/testing as well as BND activities and accordingly follow both the standards. It is an extraordinary challenge for implementation and monitoring of quality system in such a big organization like NPLI. In this article, authors have highlighted preparation process of integrated quality manual based on ISO/IEC 17025: 2017 and ISO 17034: 2016 including policies, objectives & procedures adopted and its implementation process at NPLI. In November, 2020, NPLI has undergone on-site peer review of quality system of 23 Sub-Divisions through APMP.

Free Open-Source High – Availability Solution for Java Web Application Using Tomcat And MySQL

With the growth of the internet, the number of web applications is also growing. Many web applications are becoming more important to the stakeholders that they cannot afford downtime which can cause loss of revenue, loss of productivity, etc. In the past, only big organizations with deep pocket could afford implement high-availability for their web application, but nowadays there are free open-source software programs that support high-availability feature available to everyone. This research studied the feasibility of implementing high-availability for Java web application system without using commercial software. This research compared the capability of proprietary and free open-source high-availability solution for Java web application based on a simple high-availability design, where a test Java web application was deployed into the environment based on proprietary and free open-source solutions, and tested how well each solution perform when problem occurs. The result showed that the free open-source high-availability solution worked, but not as well as proprietary one. However, the proprietary high-availability solution for database did not perform well, and neither did the open-source one. This research concludes that the free open-source high-availability solution works and thus made high-availability become much more affordable, especially for individual or small organizations with budget constraints.

Disruption and Legitimacy: Big Data in Society.

The growing availability of data and the emergence of business analytics ecosystems offer possibilities for companies developing innovative business models. However, the disruptive impact of these business models on society is not always judged favourably. This paper explores the growing tensions in the relationship between disruptive Big Data companies and society through the lens of legitimacy – a judgement about the fit and propriety of an entity, such as a company, to society. The study is based on four instrumental cases where Big Data organisations were faced with challenges to their legitimacy. The findings elaborate how digital transformations require companies to understand and manage how much to disrupt and how much to conform to social norms and values. Big Data businesses face a dynamic and paradoxical tension between the potential costs and benefits of their disruptive business models. The topic of legitimacy management is also addressed, drawing out implications for practice.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10796-021-10155-3.

Phishing Website Detection using Emerging Machine Learning Models

Due to Phishing, many users are losing their money, reputation which costs billions of dollars per year. These luring techniques are used by hackers to get personal data or information in a pond of unsuspecting internet users. Usually, hackers use the spoofed e-mail ids, various offers using phishing websites and software to get personal information of the internet users and also target confidential data like usernames and passwords, family information, contact details and emails, and many more. Every day we listen to various cyber-attacks in the world. A phishing attack is one of those cyber-attacks where the attacker develops a fake website by mimicking a trusted website. The whole aim of such websites is to steal financial assets from users. Such attacks are called phishing attacks. Phishing attack also costs the online attack and many big organizations some millions of dollars. We can eradicate this crime by taking proper countermeasures like building machine learning systems that can detect phishing more accurately. Machine learning is a tool that is showing very favorable results in every field where detection is a primary aspect. We experimented with a large dataset that has all the parameters to detect a website is a phishing one or not. We train the models for a better understanding of the detection using security IP. This parameter helps to detect phishing websites and find cybercriminals with high accuracy. In this research paper, we have used machine learning models which give high accuracy to predict whether the website is a phishing(malicious) website or if it is a safe website using the given parameters. We compared all the widely used machine learning algorithms to propose which algorithm gives the highest accuracy.

VISION, MISSION AND THE 21ST CENTURY NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES

Marketing big organizations requires deep thinking and extraction of the essence in a nutshell fashion. It is an exercise in epiphany, that projects thinking and motivation as guides towards value-adding; what underlines the renowned ‘Yo shinai, Yo kangai’ Japanese philosophy, popularized by the Toyota Motor Company. The ‘good thinking, good product’ statement is a philosophy that is self-sustaining, needing the energy to drive the market, and sell its potentials to prospective clients. A new economic paradigm has emerged in the Nigerian university space as a result of recent proliferation of private universities. This development which encourages healthy rivalry and competitiveness calls for a compulsory revision and re-modelling of vision and mission statements for some universities, to project values and drive market orientation in an expansive client-based knowledge economy. In an economy harboring 43 Federal universities, 48 State universities, and 79 Private universities, the competition is getting stiffer by the day, and the contest between the traditional first generation universities and the avant-garde private universities is widening. The government-owned public universities have to catch up with the ideals of modernity and global competitiveness presented by the 21st century. A population of over 200 million people provides a vibrant market for university business. In this study, we shall probe the relevance of vision and mission as structuring principles in the Nigerian university space, and interrogate their perspectives on goals and objectives in a developing nation. We shall seek to know how realistic the statements are, given contextual challenges, and given that the statements in some instances, show obvious misunderstanding of basic meanings and expected functions of vision and mission statements. We shall posit that lack of proper setup of the structuring pattern is comparable to a derailed locomotive heading for oblivion. Drawing from a few number of concrete examples, we shall conclude by reiterating the importance of getting the foundation right to be able to revolutionize and reposition our universities. 
 
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Feature Representation and Organization Method for Public Opinion Big Data Based on Association Analysis

In order to improve the data mining level of public opinion big data, by analysing the relationship among semantic web, ontology and RDF (Resource Description Framework), the structure and organization method of public opinion big data association data are separated. Based on the analysis of network public opinion big data organization technology, and then the RDF structure definition of network public opinion knowledge map is given, and the construction method of RDF association analysis map of network public opinion knowledge is realized. Experimental research shows that the proposed method can provide more accurate correlation analysis of public opinion big data, which can effectively realize the analysis and management of public opinion hot events, and provide decision support for the management of network public opinion.

COVID-19, A New World Order, Vaccine Safety, Effectiveness and Our Human Rights

This inter-disciplinary paper examines the claims in some secular and religious circles around the world that some global elite have the agenda of foisting a New World Order on the global populace and examines the louder claims, since 2020, that COVID-19 is a man-made pandemic aimed at achieving this aim. The globalists are said to be bent on fostering One World Government, One World Economy and One World Religion on the populace. COVID-19, its second or third wave, attendant lockdowns and restrictions on business activities and religious gatherings are said to be pre-mediated and orchestrated behind the scene to achieve what has since been described by the public and private sectors as “the New Normal.” The World Health Organisation (WHO), United Nations, communists, desperate leftist Western politicians, billionaire investors, big pharmaceutical companies, big media organisations and compromised scientists have been fingered as the New World Order desperadoes. It is alleged that the new waves of the pandemic and the recent predictions of yet a worse pandemic by the WHO and by a prominent globalist are a confirmation that they are desperate to further pursue and achieve their New World Order aim. Such measures as lockdowns, use of facemask, COVID-19 vaccines and restrictions on business activities and religious gatherings are said to be among their tools for achieving a great reset, mind control, social conditioning and/or further damage to the physical, psychological and spiritual health of the people. Those measures as well as the still unsettled or controversial safety and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines are analysed in this paper vis-à-vis the relevant fundamental rights of the people. The growing trend of making the COVID-19 vaccination certificate a requisite to travel overseas or access some public places locally is also examined, more so as this is tantamount to making the COVID-19 vaccination mandatory, not necessarily by law but by policy and not necessarily directly but indirectly. This paper examines whether such measures are in harmony with such fundamental rights as the right to the grant of informed consent, right to personal dignity, right to privacy, freedom of movement and freedom of religion guaranteed by both the municipal law of the nations and the international human rights regime. With the use of indirect, circumstantial and documentary types of evidence available, the paper finds out that the alleged plot to maintain “the New Normal” and foist a New World Order is neither baseless nor unreasonable. To overcome the pandemic and beyond the vaccines which the new variants of the disease may defy, the need to allow the COVID-19 responses to wear human face and comply with human rights, use of the combination of hydroxychloroquine, zinc and azythromycin in the early stage of the disease, exposure to sunlight and eating of certain immunity-boosting fruits and vegetables are recommended. The need for African countries to have a deliberate and purposeful homegrown strategies for fighting the COVID-19 pandemic is also recommended, especially now that it has been established that the pandemic has socio-demographic and cultural dimensions.

AN INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS OF CYBER SECURITY INFORMATION SYSTEMS: LATEST TRENDS AND FUTURE SUGGESTION

Network protection includes of the strategies and procedures implemented in this paper to avoid and monitor intrusion attempts, infringement, manipulation or violation of a computer system and services accessed by the network. Network protection applies to the different countermeasures put in place to secure or flow through the network and data collected on or through it. Protection for web applications is the method of securing websites and internet resources from multiple security attacks that target weaknesses in an application. Security for web apps is a data management division that primarily deals with the security of websites, web applications and web services. Risks to cyber security include a broad range of allegedly criminal practices on the web. For years, computer security risks against utility assets were identified, cyber-attacks arising from the exploitation of data device weaknesses by unauthorized access users This study is a cyber infrastructure assault, vulnerability and vulnerabilities, including hardware and software devices, networks, business networks, intranets, and cyber intrusion usage. Only big organisations are at risk of cyber-attacks, a widespread misunderstanding. Even then, the targeting of small and medium sized enterprises has seen a large improvement. This is since less-sophisticated cyber defence mechanisms appear to be used by these smaller organisations. As many as 50% of all cyber-attacks hit small companies, wasting $200,000 on average, sufficient to get out of business for less-established entities. an enterprise-grade protection device and awareness of the various forms of cyber threats facing corporations in 2025 to safeguard company from hacking attacks. fight cyber threats successfully and decrease the exposure of enterprise.

Adaptive Cognitive Management and Knowledge Discovery Framework Based on Internet of Things Big Data

In the future of large-scale industrial automation applications in the Internet of Things big data management and knowledge discovery, the importance of the industrial Internet is increasing day by day. The Internet of Things (IoT), computing intelligence, machine type communication, big data and sensor technology and other diversification. Technology can be combined to improve the efficiency of data management and knowledge discovery for large-scale automated applications. To this end, we need to propose a cognitive-oriented IoT big data framework (COIB-framework) and its implementation architecture, IoT big data hierarchical architecture, data organization and knowledge exploration subsystems to achieve effective data management and knowledge discovery suitable for large-scale industrial automation applications. In this work, we need to propose a cognitive-oriented IoT big data framework (COIB-framework), as well as implementation architecture, IoT big data layered architecture, data organization and knowledge mining subsystems, to meet the needs of large-scale industrial automation applications. Discussion and analysis show that the proposed framework and architecture are based on the intelligent industrial application of IoT big data provides a reasonable solution.

Optimization of Inventory Holding Cost Due to Price, Weight, and Volume of Items

The inventory carrying cost has been assumed uniform for all products in an organization or a warehouse. This assumption is not valid for a diversified range of items in an organization or warehouse. This paper tested this hypothesis of variations in inventory holding costs in a warehouse in two industries based on the physical nature and the price of products. It is found that organizations with a wide variety of products need to calculate the inventory holding cost for each item (SKU) rather than using an average percentage cost of inventory. Inventory holding costs of items in two different organizations were calculated based on the various factors, including the actual cost of space due to the voluminous nature of the items with their existing inventory policies. A variation in inventory holding costs for each item was observed. The variation was small for an organization with homogeneous input costs, and it was large for a multi-product organization. The overall savings in the inventory holding cost due to adjusting the inventory policies through this methodology was found to be about 3%, which is significant for a big organization. This analysis will affect the decision the determining inventory carrying cost, inventory policies (e.g., stocking levels), and pricing policies (e.g., quantity discounts) for retail organizations.

WITHDRAWN: Usage and adoption of artificial intelligence in SMEs

The usage of artificial intelligence has been increased in the last 15–20 years. The corporates and governments are also concerned about their business administration, production, and logistics due to covid-19 crises. The usage of artificial intelligence can help in business development from small-medium enterprises to big shot organisations. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the usage of artificial intelligence to develop business activities in SMEs and the factors responsible for the adoption of artificial intelligence. Systematic literature review technique has been adopted. The main findings are that artificial intelligence can be used for maintaining social distance, performing business activities from a safe place, enhance customer deliverance, generate business for organizations, and give a competitive edge at the same time during the coronavirus pandemic. It was noticed that artificial was already in use by the big organizations like Google, Facebook, bumble, Netflix, Amazon, etc., but now small organizations could also harness this resource to boost their production and operation activities to compete and grow in the current scenario. The researchers have identified ten factors responsible for the adoption of artificial intelligence in SMEs, which can be further tested at the primary level by future researchers.

WITHDRAWN: Machine-learning approach to analyze on-the-job data via cloud services

Nowadays, most industries want to boost their business by using artificial intelligence. And besides, companies can use Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics to understand their target audience better and automate those goods according to consumer demand. In return, all of these variables increase a company’s profitability that gives it an edge over its competitors. For the most instances, income is the bottom line. Yet corporations had to spend a great deal of money in artificial intelligence for a long time in the past to make this profit. AI machines were costly, programmers who knew AI were expensive and even rarer when useful data were not found! It is not so much a problem for big multinational organizations, but for small and medium-sized firms, it was very challenging. Yet it was all much easier for us to get to know and improve cloud services. Today, businesses can access a third-party AI platform and start to reap the advantages of artificial intelligence and data analysis with a much smaller initial investment, according to their customer requirements. It is the strength as a function of Artificial Intelligence! AIaaS provides the solution to a large number of SMEs who do not want to build their artificial intelligence systems, to test them, and introduce them from scratch. They can concentrate on their core business without becoming an expert on data and apprenticeships and obtain the value addition from artificial intelligence. We also have higher income, thus lowering their investment risk with AIaaS.

Critical Implementation Factors for Cloud-Based Enterprise Resources planning in the Nigerian Maritime Transport and Supply Chain

Technology has deeply impacted the practice of shipping in the maritime industry worldwide, this explains the way and manner big organizations have engaged modern technology like Cloud-based Enterprise Resources Planning, to manage the key parts of their businesses. Recent research and practices have shown that cloud-based ERP systems if implemented correctly could be a great beneficial advantage to the logistics and supply chain process of a large organization. Unfortunately, the implementation has been slow in the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA). Reports have shown that there is a need to re-engineer linkages between service systems within the growing organizations. From the perspective of an enterprise like NIMASA, only limited research has been conducted that has played an important role in intimating the organization towards the adoption of a cloud-based ERP system as well as the post-implementation measures. Most recent studies have been conducted only in the context of generic information system adoption. Information system research is not strong enough without considering the articulating system speed and performance of CERP. This study investigates the critical factors influencing the adoption of Cloud-based Enterprise Resource Planning (CERP) in the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency with a focus on Maritime logistics and supply chain. A structured based questionnaire was administered to 130 senior maritime workers in the Nigerian Maritime industry to extract factors that hinder the adoption of information systems like cloud-based ERP. The quantitative data were analyzed based on the impact ranking to inform a proposed implementation model for a Cloud-based ERP in the organization. The research also highlights some important Critical Success Factors like technology-related factors, funding for technology innovation (Economic and financial factors), Policy related barriers, and how they influence development in the Maritime industry.

Un breve recorrido por la historia del Partido del Trabajo de España (PTE)

La historia de la izquierda revolucionar en la Transición española ha sido marginada por la historia oficial. El Partido del Trabajo de España (PTE) fue la organización comunista más grande, pero su historia es desconocida. En este artículo intentamos recuperar apuntes relacionados con su historia.