Bigeye Research Articles

PRODUKSI DAN PRODUKTIVITAS TUNA OLEH KAPAL TUNA LONGLINE YANG BERBASIS DI PPN PALABUHANRATU

Produktivitas penangkapan tuna dapat dilihat dari produksi penangkapan yang didaratkan di pelabuhan (landing) per upaya penangkapan (effort). Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) Palabuhanratu menjadi salah satu pelabuhan perikanan yang aktivitas perikanannya tergolong aktif di wilayah pesisir selatan Pulau Jawa dan menjadi salah satu pusat kegiatan perikanan tangkap di wilayah Propinsi Jawa Barat. Produksi ikan tuna di PPN Palabuhanratu mengalami peningkatan yang cukup signifikan dari tahun 2010 sampai tahun 2019. Pada tahun 2014-2018 produksi ikan tuna di PPN Palabuhanratu mengalami penurunan yang cukup drastis. Pada tahun 2019, produksi kembali meningkat menjadi 1,091,612 ton. Landing Per Unit Effort (LPUE) digunakan dalam penelitian perikanan untuk mengindikasikan kelimpahan sumberdaya yang digunakan untuk melakukan stock assessment ketika mengestimasi kelimpahan relatif dari suatu spesies yang dieksploitasi. Komposisi hasil tangkapan tuna oleh kapal tuna longline terdiri atas ikan tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacores), tuna mata besar (Thunnus obesus), ikan tuna albakor (Thunnus alalunga). Produksi tuna yang didaratkan di PPN Palabuhanratu dari tahun 2010-2019 mengalami fluktuasi. Pada tahun 2010 produksi ikan tuna sirip kuning sebesar 444,952 ton, ikan tuna mata besar sebesar 979,189 ton, ikan tuna albakor sebesar 122,671 ton. Pada tahun 2019 produksi ikan tuna sirip kuning sebesar 617,992 ton, ikan tuna mata besar sebesar 240,487 ton, ikan tuna albakor sebesar 233,133 ton. Produktivitas tertinggi terjadi pada ikan tuna sirip kuning tahun 2014 dengan nilai LPUE sebesar 6,09 dengan produksi sebesar 2,448,171 ton dengan jumlah effort 402. Produktivitas mengalami fluktuasi setiap tahunnya.

A PCR-based genetic sex identification method in spotted mandarin fish (Siniperca scherzeri) and big eye mandarin fish (Siniperca kneri)

Sex-specific markers are extremely important for unisexual breeding and understanding of sex determination mechanisms. Spotted mandarin fish (Siniperca scherzeri) and big eye mandarin fish (Siniperca kneri) are economically important freshwater fish in China. Here, for the first time, we successfully identified three male-specific markers in the two species. Through genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of three males, three females, one male mixed pool and one female mixed pool of spotted mandarin fish, we screened 27 potential male-specific sequences. After PCR validation, three male-specific markers were further identified. Moreover, these markers could also be used to identify genetic sex of spotted mandarin fish from different populations with 100 % accuracy. In addition, these markers were also successfully used in the identification of genetic sex of big eye mandarin fish. Notably, the sequences of male-specific markers were highly similar in the two species and the corresponding sequence of one marker was highly similar to partial genome sequence of amhy gene in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). In all, the verified male-specific markers suggested XY sex determination system existed in spotted mandarin fish and big eye mandarin fish and would play an important role in future work of sex control breeding.

Utilization of Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp with difference color as attractor for fixed lift net as small scale fisheries in Makassar Strait, Indonesia

Use of light for the some types of fisheries has been one of the most advance and successful methods to control fish to capture process. Several fishing technology operated in Indonesia waters, used of light as attractor for catching of the small pelagic fish. A lot of typed of lamps used by the fisherman, like incandescent lamp, florescent lamp, mercury lamp and metal haline lamp. In the development of technology, now the some company, was introduce new lamp typed with environmentally friendly technology called Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp. Research about utilization of Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp with different color and color combination of fixed lift net was conducted in Makassar Strait during the May- November 2018 and March – September 2019. The research aimed was to determine the best effectively color of LED can use as attractor for pelagic fish in fixed lift net in Makassar Strait. Experimental fishing was conducted in one unit commercial fixed lift net with bamboo platform size 15 m x 15m in Pangkep regency Makassar Strait. Data were obtained at every fishing operation by examining the catch species, total catch, by-catch and discard species every hauling time. In 2018 there are three color LED namely white, yellow and blue color. Experimental fishing for 30 hauling time for each color of LED in 2018 and 35 time for each LED in 2019 with color combination. Data were collected two time a week during. Fixed lift net did not operated during the full month (one week a month). Total lighting power of 374 W, with 16 total unit LED lamps was setting under the lift net flatform. The result showed that Light Emitting Diode (LED) is effective as attractor in fixed lift net fisheries to utilization of small pelagic species in coastal area. There are 25 species captured of the fixed lift net during the experimental fishing in Makassar. There are five dominant and commercial species, there called main species are Anchovies (Stolephorus sp), Sardine (Sardinella sp), Pony fish (Equulites sp), squids (Loligo sp), and Big eye scad (Selaroides sp). White color and combination of white-blue – yellow color is preference color for small pelagic species.

Relationship of morphometrics, total carotenoids, and total lipids with activity and sexual and spatial features in Euphausia superba

Morphological differences associated with sex or stage, together with total lipids and carotenoids, were studied in Euphausia superba as possible indicators of physiological condition. E. superba displays sexual dimorphism during growth. A group of mature males, called Males II herein, has a greater abdominal length, suggesting that they are faster swimmers, a feature implying higher metabolic rates and a higher demand for protecting pigments like carotenoids. Mature Males II have proportionally lower lipids but higher total lipid-soluble carotenoids, a counterintuitive finding. Males II also have bigger eyes. Significant regressions with carotenoids were found for wet weight, abdominal length, and eye diameter. On a spatial analysis, population composition reflects reproductive activity. Males II would be in search of females for fecundation and, thus, are dominant in some areas. The PCA analysis of 10 allometric and biochemical variables show a distinct Males II group differing in morphology, carotenoids, and lipid contents. The carotenoid:lipid ratio was highest for Males II, supporting the hypothesis of the role of carotenoids in the activity of the species. Mature males may experience physiological stress during reproduction and probably die shortly afterwards. A relationship between activity, morphometrics, and carotenoid content seems evident, deserving further investigation.

Coexistence of Two Closely Related Cyprinid Fishes (Hemiculter bleekeri and Hemiculter leucisculus) in the Upper Yangtze River, China

Species coexistence is one of the most important concepts in ecology for understanding how biodiversity is shaped and changed. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which two small cyprinid fishes (H. leucisculus and H. bleekeri) coexist by analyzing their niche segregation and morphological differences in the upper Yangtze River. Morphological analysis indicated that H. leucisculus has posteriorly located dorsal fins, whereas H. bleekeri has a more slender body, bigger eyes, longer anal fin base, and a higher head. Niche segregation analysis showed spatial and trophic niche segregation between these two species: on the spatial scale, H. leucisculus was more widely distributed than H. bleekeri, indicating that H. leucisculus is more of a generalist in the spatial dimension; on the trophic scale, H. bleekeri had a wider niche than H. leucisculus. Therefore, these two species adopt different adaptation mechanisms to coexist

Hubungan Panjang dan Bobot Ikan Bigeye Tuna (Thunnus obesus Lowe, 1839) Di Perairan Samudera Hindia

The potential of fisheries resources in Indonesia is 9,931 million tons per year, with the highest potential being in WPP 718 of 1,992 million tons / year (20%), in WPP of 1,228 million / year (12%) and in WPP 711 of 1,143 million tons / year (12%). Bigeye Tuna (Thunnus obesus) is one of the leading commodities from the fisheries sub-sector which is commonly consumed both locally and export. Cilacap Ocean Fishery Port (PPS), Cilacap Regency, is one of the Bigeye Tuna (Thunnus obesus) fish landings caught from the Indian Ocean. This study aims to find out information on the long-term weight ties of Bigeye Tuna (Thunnus obesus) captured from the Indian Ocean and landed at PPS Cilacap, Central Java. According to Cilacap PPS (2014), Bigeye Tuna (Thunnus obesus) fish is one of the large pelagic fish species with the most catches after skipjack fish from all landed fish. The results of the analysis of the relationship between weight weights show that the growth pattern of big eye tuna (Thunnus obesus) is allometric negative (b <3). In fisheries biology, this long-weight relationship of fish is one of the information that needs to be known in terms of fisheries resource management.

Identification and Prevalention of Parasite in Big eye scad (Selar crumenophthalmus) on Fish Auction in Sibolga

Ikan selar bentong / big eye scad dengan nama latin Selar crumenophthalmus merupakan salah satu jenis ikan pelagis kecil yang memiliki nilai ekonomis. Kehidupan dari populasi ikan selar bentong di laut, tidak terlepas dari infestasi parasit. Parasit ikan adalah salah satu masalah penting dalam biologi perikanan. Peneliti melakukan pemeriksaan parasit pada ikan selar bentong yang berasal dari tempat pelelangan ikan di daerah Sibolga. Data hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah beberapa spesies parasit dan tingkat prevalensi setiap parasit yang menyerang ikan selar bentong, seperti: Acanthocephala spp. 14,28 %, Anisakis simplex 2,86%, Norileca indica 2,86% dan Digenea 5,71%.

Evaluation of antioxidative capacity and lipidomics profiling of big eye tuna (Thunns obesus) head soup with different colloidal particle size

SummaryBig eye tuna head soups with different colloidal particle sizes were prepared through various filtration ways, and their antioxidative capacities and lipidomics profiling were evaluated. The original soup (OGS) (filtrated by gauze) had the highest antioxidative activities in chemical evaluation methods. Meanwhile, OGS and microfiltration soup (MFS) (micro filtrated by 0.45 μm membrane) showed higher cellular antioxidant activities (CAA) at 20 and 40 times dilution of soup, and ultrafiltration soup (UFS) (100 ku ultrafiltration) has stronger CAA at low dilution ratios (5 and 10 times) in HepG2 cells. There were 631 lipid molecular species detected in the soup, and eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA and DHA) were mainly attached in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecules, respectively. Based on the results, a speculation that the lipid molecule profile, especially the distribution of EPA/DHA in different lipid molecules, might contribute to the diversities of size of self‐assembled colloidal particles and antioxidative activities was concluded in this study.

Morphological differentiation in the widespread fish Galaxias maculatus: do darker environments imply bigger eyes?

The visual capacity of aquatic organisms is, in general, related to light penetration in the water. Therefore, aquatic environments that differ in color can potentially contribute to species polymorphism, especially in fish. In this study, we explore the relationship between light quality and intensity in water bodies and the eye and mouth size in Galaxias maculatus, one of the most widespread fish. Fish morphology was studied photographically, and the vertical attenuation coefficient of light (Kd) was measured in five aquatic systems: two humic lakes, two estuaries, and one river. Water color was also estimated as absorbance at 440 nm. In those environments with less light penetration and darker water color, we observed bigger eyes and, additionally, larger mouths. The darkness of water bodies was mainly related to water color associated with humic substances. As G. maculatus is known to be a visual predator, our results suggest that bigger eyes increase visual capacity in darker environments, which would result in improved feeding rates, also supported by larger mouth length.

The Ganong Dancer of Java: A Changing Traditional Technique to Acrobatic

ABSTRACT This article will describe a unique phenomenon that occurs in the area of traditional dance with acrobatic techniques. The focus of this article is on the dancer figure Ganong who is one of the main roles in Reyog dance. The dancer's full name is the role of Bujang Ganong. Bujang Ganong (Ganongan) or Pujangga Anom is one of the energetic figures in Reyog Ponorogo. Hilarious figure at the same time has more expertise in martial arts. So that in every Reyog Ponorogo show, the performance is always eagerly awaited by the audience especially among the children. Bujang Ganong portrays the figure of a young governor who is nimble, strong-willed, clever, witty and supernatural. Physically, Bujang Ganong is depicted as having a small body, short and ugly face, big nose, big round eyes, bulging teeth, long-toothed and long-haired dreadlocks. Bujang Ganong in the past obyog reyog art does not play much role. Bujangganong only became a complement and as a humorous figure entertaining the audience, to break the ice. Acting hilariously at will followed by gamelan, teasing reyog barong, teasing jathil and also interacting teasing the audience. Not many dances and acrobatic Bujang Ganong performed at that time. This article is a methodological exploration combined from an ethnocoreological approach and a gymnastic approach. Visually the influence of the gymnastic sport element is very strong in the form of movements that are outside the dance rhythm. For this reason, this article examines the elements of acrobatic techniques such as what currently appear to be the dominant style of performance in Ganong dance.

Burmorussidae, a new family of parasitic wasps (Insecta, Hymenoptera) from mid‐Cretaceous Burmese amber

AbstractA new genus and species, Burmorussus mirabilis, is described based on two specimens from the mid‐Cretaceous Burmese amber, and considered to be a specialized parasitic wasp of wood‐living hosts. The new taxon is characterized by an orussid‐like ocellar crown, big eyes, antennae attached well above the clypeus, and antennal grooves or ventral transverse frontal carinae absent. Additionally, all legs carry a prominent lanceolate lobe on the third tarsomere. A similar structure is found, but organized differently, in Recent Orussidae and Stephanidae, serving as part of a vibration analyser. Although sharing some characters with families Karatavitidae, Orussidae and Paroryssidae, this new taxon cannot be assigned to any of these families. We propose a new monotypic family Burmorussidae and assign it to the superfamily Orussoidea. A phylogenetic analysis confirms the monophyly of Orussoidea, which occurs a sister group to Apocrita.

Dreams for Sale: Ideal Beauty in the Eyes of the Advertiser

Dreams for Sale: Ideal Beauty in the Eyes of the Advertiser

Cartoon Violence, Aggression And Imagination: In-Depth Interview With The Reference Of Two Girls

Children’s life without cartoons are impossible. Big eyes, wired smile, unstoppable action and so on, these are enough to attract any kid. Children need someone they can relate to in today's world where everyone is busy achieving their ambitions. Cartoon viewing has an impact on a child's behavior, including their likes and dislikes, walking and talking patterns, and interactions with other children and adults. This research study is explorative. It mainly focuses on two girls who are heavy viewer of cartoon. Both respondents were interviewed and observed by their parents during covid scenario. For study purpose psychologist is also approached. “Behavior assessment scale for children with reference of aggression” (BASC aggression) test was done. The major findings shown both respondents highly impacted with cartoons. They are very reserve and scared of new people or world.

Everyday Beliefs About Emotion Perceptually Derived From Neutral Facial Appearance.

The evolution of the human brain and visual system is widely believed to have been shaped by the need to process and make sense out of expressive information, particularly via the face. We are so attuned to expressive information in the face that it informs even stable trait inferences (e.g., Knutson, 1996) through a process we refer to here as the face-specific fundamental attribution error (Albohn et al., 2019). We even derive highly consistent beliefs about the emotional lives of others based on emotion-resembling facial appearance (e.g., low versus high brows, big versus small eyes, etc.) in faces we know are completely devoid of overt expression (i.e., emotion overgeneralization effect: see Zebrowitz et al., 2010). The present studies extend these insights to better understand lay beliefs about older and younger adults’ emotion dispositions and their impact on behavioral outcomes. In Study 1, we found that older versus younger faces objectively have more negative emotion-resembling cues in the face (using computer vision), and that raters likewise attribute more negative emotional dispositions to older versus younger adults based just on neutral facial appearance (see too Adams et al., 2016). In Study 2, we found that people appear to encode these negative emotional appearance cues in memory more so for older than younger adult faces. Finally, in Study 3 we exam downstream behavioral consequences of these negative attributions, showing that observers’ avoidance of older versus younger faces is mediated by emotion-resembling facial appearance.

SUPERIOR FISHING COMMODITIES IN SOUTHCOAST OF EAST JAVA, INDONESIA

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world and has various marine resources. Fishery development is one of the priorities of East Java Province Government and the selection of the superior fishing commodities becomes important to fishery growth. The objective of this research is to select the superior fishing commodities in south coast of East Java Province, including eight Districts: Pacitan, Trenggalek, Tulungagung, Blitar, Malang, Lumajang, Jember, and Banyuwangi. Both Location Quotient models in quantity and value are developed and the fishing data during 2013-2017 are adopted in the study. As the results, the superior fishing commodities by quantity, by value, and by both quantity and value are selected for whole south coast of East Java Province and eight districts respectively. The result show that the most fishing commodities quantities of production are Scads, Fringe scale sardinella, Short bodied mackerel, Indian oil sardinella, Skipjack tuna, Anchovies, Big eyes, Kawa kawa, Frigate tuna, and Hairtail. The biggest production is scad. The most valuable fishing commodity in south coast of East Java Province is hairtail with 154,324.8 million rupiah, while Tuna and Skipjack generate value amount 484,652.43 million Rupiah each year. Finally, policy implication and strategies are proposed for the superior fishing commodities in south coast of East Java Province.

Tad; by Benji Davies

Reviewed by: Tad; by Benji Davies Natalie Berglind Davies, Benji Tad; written and illus. by Benji Davies. Harper, 2020 [32p] Trade ed. ISBN 9780062563590 $17.99 Reviewed from galleys R 3-6 yrs Tad is the runt of the tadpoles, “so small that she had to wiggle her tail twice as fast as any of the others just to keep up.” She’s most at risk for being eaten by Big Blub, a “great, big, nasty fish” that lurks in the mud and eats tadpoles. As her siblings grow legs and lose their tails and hop away, Tad is scared of being left alone, but when she’s chased by Big Blub, she jumps out of the water with her new legs and joins the rest of her family. This UK import is notable for its attractive art, as Davies paints the underwater world in vibrant blues and greens that capture its ecosystem; shaded foliage lends depth to the background of each page. The tadpoles are adorable, even when they’re just one big eye and a little tail, and they only get cuter as they grow into multicolored frogs. This readaloud would be a good storytime pick, as it’s sure to elicit a room full of shrieks at Big Blub’s appearance; kids who feel like they’re falling behind their peers or feel like the odd one out as the youngest sibling may also relate to Tad’s growing pains. Copyright © 2020 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

A new spin on flight control

Imagine designing a fly: you would need wings of course, three body segments, six legs, big red eyes and antennae. Unless you are already a fly enthusiast, you might not realize that you also need to include the halteres: small dumbbell-shaped appendages whose evolutionary ancestor is full hindwings. Without these modified hindwings, your fly would crash about clumsily instead of elegantly dipping through the air to land on your food. Halteres beat in the opposite direction to the wings and they are home to dense fields of sensory dome structures that detect tiny mechanical forces when a fly spins or turns, like a gyroscope. Two decades ago, the observation that more nerves carried information from the eyes to the halteres than to the wings led scientists to hypothesize that flies control their flight by first combining information about what the fly sees with a sense of rotation from the halteres before controlling the wings.At the time, technological constraints made this hypothesis untestable. Recently, Bradley Dickerson and colleagues from Caltech, USA, tested the theory using modern genetic tools in tethered flies. They observed haltere muscle activity while the flies were shown spinning patterns, which caused the insects to move their wings as if they were spinning during flight too. The haltere muscles were most active when the patterns turned toward the same side as the muscles, whether the pattern simply rotated horizontally or spun in front of the fly. In other words, the little muscles controlling the halteres respond to what the fly sees, not just how the fly turns.Next, the team tested the prediction that what the fly sees adjusts how the halteres sense spinning, by imaging nerve signals in the brain that were sent by the sensory domes on the halteres. They saw that nerve signals from the halteres changed depending on whether the spinning patterns rotated horizontally or vertically, or spun in front of the fly. The signals from the haltere indicated the involvement of a greater number of sensory domes, not greater activity from the same domes. This distinction means that muscles at the base of the haltere are likely repositioning the appendage to modulate which groups of sensory domes are active depending on which way the fly is turning.The team then tested the prediction that changing the firing pattern of the nerve signals from the halteres would change how the wings beat. They genetically engineered special flies that produced light-sensitive proteins that cause the haltere motor neurons to fire when light is shone on them. At the same time, the team recorded electrical activity in two motor neurons controlling the wing: one that fires consistently when the wing is at the top of the wingbeat and one that fires sporadically. They found that when they artificially activated haltere muscles, the consistent motor neuron fired earlier than usual, and the sporadic motor neuron fired more often. This observation supports the prediction from 20 years ago that muscles controlling the wings are dependent on haltere muscles during flight.Dickerson and colleagues have tested the predictions borne out of earlier experiments in larger flies and found that halteres are not just gyroscopic sensors; instead, they are actively controlled based on what the fly sees and they can, in turn, modify how muscles control the wings. From these observations, the team put forth a new evolutionary hypothesis: that halteres are better equipped to sense both rotation and motion because they do not produce aerodynamic force, like the wings do. In this way, flies can use their halteres to orchestrate wing muscles, thereby exerting greater control over their route to your food.

Population dynamic of Big Eye Scad (Selar crumenophthalmus Bloch, 1793) in Kwandang Waters-Sulawesi Sea

Big eye scad (Selar crumenophthalmus) is one of important small pelagic fish which is exploited in Kwandang waters-Sulawesi Sea. The exploitation of this species has been increasing every year. This research was carried out to study the growth, mortality and exploitation of bigeye scad in the Kwandang waters during January-November 2016. The von Bertalanffy growth equation was derived as Lt = 25.95(1 - e 1,01(t+-0.16374)) with length between 14.9 -26.4 cm FL (average length 18,64 cm). The size at first capture (Lc) was estimated as 18.69 cm. The total, natural and fishing mortality rates were assessed as 4.28, 1.90 and 2.38 year−1, respectively. The exploitation rate (E) of 0.56 per year indicates that the degree of harvesting leads to a more capture condition.. The management that must be applied is to reduce fishing efforts to 12% of the current situation and to consider temporarily closing fishing activities (closing season).

Effect of Salt Addition Time on the Nutritional Profile of Thunnus obesus Head Soup and the Formation of Micro/Nano-Sized Particle Structure.

In order to investigate the effects of salt on the nutrients and tastes profiles of big eye tuna head soup, the typical nutrients and taste substances were analyzed. The formation and the morphology of micro/nanoparticles (MNPs) were studied using an inverted optical microscope, and the interactions among components in MNPs were studied using a laser scanning confocal microscope. The results showed that the nutrients were dissolved to the maximum in the soup when salt was added at 150 min of cooking. Comparatively, much smaller MNPs with a more stable bilayer were formed at the same salt addition time. Meanwhile, Cl− was found to permeate throughout the core and Na+ bonded with glycosylated molecules, which were dispersed around much smaller MNPs. These results suggested that in addition to promoting the migration of nutrients and taste substances, NaCl also participated in the formation and stability of MNPs in fish head soups.

Crecimiento alométrico y disminución de la capacidad de regeneración de la aleta pectoral en Polypterus senegalus terrestrizados

Background: Polypterus condense unique characteristics that astonished and confused naturalists since 1802 when Geoffroy St. Hilaire first described and named this fish. Polypterus was seen in that epoch as primitive amphibians or a link between fishes and amphibians. Polypteriformes have the ability to regenerate its pectoral fins with the accuracy only seen in urodel amphibians and have the capacity to breathe air using paired lungs. Goals: We aimed to evaluate how forced land-living condition (i.e., terrestrialization) could affect pectoral girdle bones shape and pectoral fin regeneration in Polypterus senegalus. Methods: Polypterus were reared in semi-terrestrial conditions for nine months and iterative amputations of pectoral fins were performed every two months. The bone elements of the shoulder girdle and pectoral fins were measured and compared between terrestrialized organisms and controls. Results: Terrestrialization produces notable morphological alterations, including general reduced body growth and big eyes, serial amputations under this condition decreases the number of radial bones of pectoral fins. Conclusions: We propose allometry and heterochrony as reliable concepts to explain the modifications generated by terrestrialization. Also, we suggest that anatomical alterations in early tetrapod ancestors were an unavoidable consequence of the influence of environment on general metabolic processes associated with growth.