Bibliographic Entities Research Articles

Powerful Particulars as “Autodocuments” in Documentality

The purpose of this short paper is to sketch the problem of whether documentality, in the sense of the appearance of evidence, must always take the form of a type-token relationship. In contrast to a type-token epistemology common in the Library and Information Science tradition, the paper argues that there is precedence for a theory of documentality that views evidentiality as a product of the powers of particulars to make themselves present. To make this argument, it appeals to Robert Pagès theory of documents and, over a half century later, Bernd Frohmann’s proposal for a philosophy of information, “Documentality.” Such a theoretical framework as Documentality may center its analysis around the problem of the evidentiality of natural entities rather than sociocultural or bibliographic entities. The paper argues that Documentality offers a theory of evidence or information through functions, performances, and powers rather than through content representation. Such a contrast describes the epistemology of Neo-Documentation versus that of earlier Otletian Documentation and the Library and Information Science tradition that follows from it.

Repositioning the Base Level of Bibliographic Relationships: Or, a Cataloguer, a Post-Modernist and a Chatbot Walk Into a Bar

Designers and maintainers of library catalogues are facing fresh challenges representing bibliographic relationships, due both to changes in cataloguing standards and to a broader information environment that has grown increasingly diverse, sophisticated and complex. This paper presents three different paradigms, drawn from three different fields of study, for representing relationships between bibliographic entities beyond the FRBR/LRM models: superworks, as developed in information studies; adaptation, as developed in literary studies; and artificial intelligence, as developed in computer science. Theories of literary adaptation remain focused on “the work,” as traditionally conceived. The concept of the superwork reminds us that there are some works which serve as ancestors for entire families of works, and that those familial relationships are still useful. Crowd-sourcing projects often make more granular connections, a trend which has escalated significantly with current and emerging artificial intelligence systems. While the artificial intelligence paradigm is proving more pervasive outside conventional library systems, it could lead to a seismic shift in knowl­edge organization, a shift in which the power both to arrange information and to use it are moving beyond the control of users and intermediaries alike.

Hotness prediction of scientific topics based on a bibliographic knowledge graph

As a part of innovation in forecasting, scientific topic hotness prediction plays an essential role in dynamic scientific topic assessment and domain knowledge transformation modeling. To improve the topic hotness prediction performance, we propose an innovative model to estimate the co-evolution of scientific topic and bibliographic entities, which leverages a novel dynamic Bibliographic Knowledge Graph (BKG). Then, one can predict the topic hotness by using various kinds of topological entity information, i.e., TopicRank, PaperRank, AuthorRank, and VenueRank, along with pre-trained node embedding, i.e., node2vec embedding, and different pooling techniques. To validate the proposed method, we constructed a new BKG by using 4.5 million PubMed Central publications plus MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) thesaurus and witnessed the essential prediction improvement with extensive experiment outcomes over 10 years observations.

Understanding the Research Landscape of Deep Learning in Biomedical Science: Scientometric Analysis.

BackgroundAdvances in biomedical research using deep learning techniques have generated a large volume of related literature. However, there is a lack of scientometric studies that provide a bird’s-eye view of them. This absence has led to a partial and fragmented understanding of the field and its progress.ObjectiveThis study aimed to gain a quantitative and qualitative understanding of the scientific domain by analyzing diverse bibliographic entities that represent the research landscape from multiple perspectives and levels of granularity.MethodsWe searched and retrieved 978 deep learning studies in biomedicine from the PubMed database. A scientometric analysis was performed by analyzing the metadata, content of influential works, and cited references.ResultsIn the process, we identified the current leading fields, major research topics and techniques, knowledge diffusion, and research collaboration. There was a predominant focus on applying deep learning, especially convolutional neural networks, to radiology and medical imaging, whereas a few studies focused on protein or genome analysis. Radiology and medical imaging also appeared to be the most significant knowledge sources and an important field in knowledge diffusion, followed by computer science and electrical engineering. A coauthorship analysis revealed various collaborations among engineering-oriented and biomedicine-oriented clusters of disciplines.ConclusionsThis study investigated the landscape of deep learning research in biomedicine and confirmed its interdisciplinary nature. Although it has been successful, we believe that there is a need for diverse applications in certain areas to further boost the contributions of deep learning in addressing biomedical research problems. We expect the results of this study to help researchers and communities better align their present and future work.

Sponge City — An emerging concept in sustainable water resource management: A scientometric analysis

‘Sponge City’ is managing stormwater through increased infiltration, detention, storage, treatment, and drainage. By implementing this concept, the impact of urban development on water-related problems and natural ecosystems is diminished. This scientometric study analyze the global articles on ‘Sponge City’ which have been indexed in the Clarivate Analytics. A total of 199 articles were analyzed for visualization of the sponge city researches. China, as the stabilizer of the issue, has the highest betweenness centrality (1.37). The analysis of keyword co-occurrence and Clarivate Analytics category showed that the trend of the field is gradually shifting to managerial and practical phases. Based on co-citation and bibliographic coupling, the principal authors and resources have not been recognized yet. More research should be done to form the main paths of bibliographic entities. Generally, this scientometric analysis may help practitioners, policymakers, funders, editors, and researchers to understand the current state of the field and serve as a turning point for future progress in the studies.

Towards complexity-sensitive book metrics for scholarly monographs in national databases for research output

PurposeThis study investigates an approach to book metrics for research evaluation that takes into account the complexity of scholarly monographs. This approach is based on work sets – unique scholarly works and their within-work related bibliographic entities – for scholarly monographs in national databases for research output.Design/methodology/approachThis study examines bibliographic records on scholarly monographs acquired from four European databases (VABB in Flanders, Belgium; CROSBI in Croatia; CRISTIN in Norway; COBISS in Slovenia). Following a data enrichment process using metadata from OCLC WorldCat and Amazon Goodreads, the authors identify work sets and the corresponding ISBNs. Next, on the basis of the number of ISBNs per work set and the presence in WorldCat, they design a typology of scholarly monographs: Globally visible single-expression works, Globally visible multi-expression works, Miscellaneous and Globally invisible works.FindingsThe findings show that the concept “work set” and the proposed typology can aid the identification of influential scholarly monographs in the social sciences and humanities (i.e. the Globally visible multi-expression works).Practical implicationsIn light of the findings, the authors outline requirements for the bibliographic control of scholarly monographs in national databases for research output that facilitate the use of the approach proposed here.Originality/valueThe authors use insights from library and information science (LIS) to construct complexity-sensitive book metrics. In doing so, the authors, on the one hand, propose a solution to a problem in research evaluation and, on the other hand, bring to attention the need for a dialogue between LIS and neighbouring communities that work with bibliographic data.

Learning multi-resolution representations of research patterns in bibliographic networks

Abstract This study aims at representing research patterns of bibliographic entities (e.g., scholars, papers, and venues) with a fixed-length vector. Bibliographic network structures rooted in the entities are incredibly diverse, and this diversity increases in the outstanding entities. Thus, despite their significant volume, the outstanding entities obtain minimal learning opportunities, whereas low-performance entities are over-represented. This study solves the problem by representing the patterns of the entities rather than depicting individual entities in a precise manner. First, we describe structures rooted in the entities using the Weisfeiler–Lehman (WL) relabeling process. Each subgraph generated by the relabeling process provides information on the scholars, kinds of papers they published, standards of venues in which the papers were published, and types of their collaborators. We assume that a subgraph depicts the research patterns of bibliographic entities, such as the preference of a scholar in choosing either a few highly impactful papers or numerous papers of moderate impact. Then, we simplify the subgraphs according to multiple levels of detailedness. Original subgraphs represent the individuality of the entities, and simplified subgraphs represent the entities sharing the same research patterns. In addition, simplified subgraphs balance the learning opportunities of high- and low-performance entities by co-occurring with both types of entities. We embed the subgraphs using the Skip-Gram method. If the results of the embedding represent the research patterns of the entities, the obtained vectors should be able to represent various aspects of the research performance in both the short-term and long-term durations regardless of the performances of the entities. Therefore, we conducted experiments for predicting 23 performance indicators during four time periods for four performance groups (top 1%, 5%, 10%, and all entities) using only the vector representations. The proposed model outperformed the existing network embedding methods in terms of both accuracy and variance.

Effect of class imbalance in heterogeneous network embedding: An empirical study

Abstract Network science has been extensively explored in solving various bibliometrics tasks such as Co-authorship prediction, Author classification, Author clustering, Author ranking, Paper ranking, etc. While majority of the past studies exploit homogeneous bibliographic network (consists of singular type of nodes and edges), in recent past there is a surge in using heterogeneous bibliographic entities and their inter-dependencies using heterogeneous information networks (HIN). Unlike homogeneous bibliographic networks, a bibliographic HIN consists of multi-typed nodes such as Author, Paper, Venue, etc. and corresponding relations. Thus bibliographic HIN is more complex and captures rich semantics of underlying bibliographic data as well as poses more challenges. Since a real-world HIN may have different number of instances for different node types, class imbalance is ubiquitous. Recent studies discuss class imbalance in brief and exploit meta-path-based strategies to address the issue. However, there is no work which quantitatively study the effect of class imbalance in regards to solving real-world bibliometrics tasks. Therefore, this paper first proposes a metric to estimate class imbalance in HIN and study the effects of class imbalance over two bibliometrics tasks, namely (i) Co-authorship prediction and (ii) Author's research area classification, using node features generated by network embedding-based frameworks for DBLP dataset. From various experimental analysis, it is evident that class imbalance in bibliographic HIN is an inherent characteristic and for better performance of the above-mentioned bibliometrics tasks, the bibliographic HINs must consider Author, Paper, and Venue as node types.

Nine million book items and eleven million citations: a study of book-based scholarly communication using OpenCitations

Books have been widely used to share information and contribute to human knowledge. However, the quantitative use of books as a method of scholarly communication is relatively unexamined compared to journal articles and conference papers. This study uses the COCI dataset (a comprehensive open citation dataset provided by OpenCitations) to explore books' roles in scholarly communication. The COCI data we analyzed includes 445,826,118 citations from 46,534,705 bibliographic entities. By analyzing such a large amount of data, we provide a thorough, multifaceted understanding of books. Among the investigated factors are 1) temporal changes to book citations; 2) book citation distributions; 3) years to citation peak; 4) citation half-life; and 5) characteristics of the most-cited books. Results show that books have received less than 4% of total citations, and have been cited mainly by journal articles. Moreover, 97.96% of books have been cited fewer than ten times. Books take longer than other bibliographic materials to reach peak citation levels, yet are cited for the same duration as journal articles. Most-cited books tend to cover general (yet essential) topics, theories, and technological concepts in mathematics and statistics.

Just Because We Can, Doesn’t Mean We Should: An Argument for Simplicity and Data Privacy With Name Authority Work in the Linked Data Environment

Neutrality is a core tenet of librarianship, although it is widely accepted that cataloging is not a neutral act. In 1876, Charles Ammi Cutter outlined the model for a library catalog. That model remained largely unchanged for over 120 years; however the publication and adoption of Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR), Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD), and Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD) by the international cataloging community in the late 1990s and early 2000s ushered in new models for organizing and describing bibliographic resources. Although the “FRBR Family” of models remains true to Cutter’s guiding principles at their core, they explicitly introduced specific attributes for describing bibliographic entity groups. In particular, FRAD greatly expanded the attributes to record about Persons, and these attributes were codified in the contemporary cataloging standard Resource Description and Access (RDA). As a result, catalogers now capture much more information about people in authority records than ever before. The contribution of all this new additional metadata into authority files has the potential to harm the actual people we are now cataloging by misidentifying or censoring information through cataloger bias or by capturing personally identifying information that could be used against the person. This has great ramifications in the linked data environment when the metadata is reused and can no longer be controlled by the individuals or institutions who created the original data. The risks are too great and we have yet to see the results in our discovery systems to rationalize adding so much personal information about people in library authority records. This paper argues that we should return to a simpler, pre-RDA authority record. However, the likelihood of changing RDA is slim, but we can adjust our cataloging practice to record only the most necessary information in authority records to curb catalog bias and insure personal data privacy for authors and contributors in our authority files.

The Sociable Textual Archive: Laying the Groundwork for Linked Bibliographic Entities

Much of our scholarly thinking of the ‘social’ in digital editing has been with respect to the human processes of building an archive or an edition. This paper explores the idea of the ‘social’ with respect to the archive’s materials themselves. Taking the John Donne Society’s Digital Prose archive as a test case, this paper explores the infrastructure and resources available for creating an open ‘sociable’ knowledge network of linked bibliographic resources.

Music Description and Access: Solving the Puzzle of Cataloging by Jean Harden

Reviewed by: Music Description and Access: Solving the Puzzle of Cataloging by Jean Harden Casey A. Mullin Music Description and Access: Solving the Puzzle of Cataloging. By Jean Harden. (Music Library Association Technical Reports Series, v. 34.) Middleton, WI: Music Library Association and A-R Editions, 2018. [xviii, 354 p. ISBN 9780895798480 (paperback), $100.] Illustrations, bibliography, index. In my review of the fourth edition of Richard P. Smiraglia's Describing Music Materials (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017) in last year's volume of Notes (vol. 75, no. 1 [September 2018]: 118–21), I lamented that a comparative analysis of that and the present work (published just one year later) was beyond the scope of the review. Happily, the opportunity has now arrived to evaluate the present work as yet another robust tool for practitioners of music cataloging. Like Smiraglia, Jean Harden is a cataloging instructor in a postgraduate setting (at the University of North Texas). To this she adds her experience as a music cataloger in her own right (since the early 1990s) and as a supervisor of countless student assistants to whom she has taught the art of music cataloging—many of whom have gone on to professional careers in music librarianship. She also brings to bear expertise gained from her direct involvement in the development of Resource Description and Access (RDA) through service to the Music Library Association and the RDA Steering Committee's Music Working Group. As Harden notes in the preface, this work is primarily a textbook on music cataloging but can also serve as a ready-reference tool for practicing catalogers. The book divides into two main parts. Part 1, "Setting the Stage," lays out the purposes and underlying concepts of music cataloging and traces the history of cataloging practice (and music cataloging specifically) from the early modern period at the Bodleian Library, through the work of Charles A. Cutter and Seymour Lubetzky, to Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR, now superseded by the Library Reference Model (LRM)) of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions and RDA in the present era. In addition, she includes several "historical asides" that treat a specific aspect of music cataloging in the context of the topic (for example, "Title proper" and "Inaccuracies," both on p. 59). This robust historical treatment is not strictly critical to the purpose of the book, but its presence adds a layer of polish. After all, a fully formed music cataloger needs not only to address the question What? (to do) but also Why? (it is done this way). Part 2, "Practical Cataloging," addresses in turn the various bibliographic entities described in FRBR (and now LRM): manifestation and item (the usually published "things" being cataloged), works and expressions (the intellectual or creative essence of [End Page 309] the content), and persons and corporate bodies (agents associated in some way with the above). Subsequently, access points and relationships are described; these are the structured descriptions of bibliographic entities and their interrelationships, allowing precise retrieval in a library catalog. Along the way, Harden gives detailed guidance on encoding attributes of these entities in the Machine Readable Cataloging (MARC21) formats. Whereas Smiraglia gives full MARC21 bibliographic examples in his appendix without commentary, Harden describes each MARC21 field in detail, employing numerous interstitial examples to illustrate the ornate practices called for by the standard; that said, she does not give full-record examples. Another welcome component that is lacking in Smiraglia's book is Harden's discussion of the function of authority records (encoded in the MARC21 authority format) in music cataloging. Music catalogers are heavy users of authority records, which describe and disambiguate persons, corporate bodies, and (most especially) musical works and expressions. To wit, Harden addresses authority records in both chapter 6 ("Manifestation, Item, and Carrier in MARC") and chapter 7 ("Works and Expressions"). In fact, much of chapter 7 presumes that the MARC21 authority format will be used to record information about these entities; the use of textual access points (e.g., "Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 1756–1791. Nozze di Figaro") to identify them in bibliographic records is treated later, in chapter 9. The section in chapter 9 on determining the preferred title for a...

SolarView: Low Distortion Radial Embedding with a Focus.

We propose a novel type of low distortion radial embedding which focuses on one specific entity and its closest neighbors. Our embedding preserves near-exact distances to the focus entity and aims to minimize distortion between the other entities. We present an interactive exploration tool SolarView which places the focus entity at the center of a "solar system" and embeds its neighbors guided by concentric circles. SolarView provides an implementation of our novel embedding and several state-of-the-art dimensionality reduction and embedding techniques, which we adapted to our setting in various ways. We experimentally evaluated our embedding and compared it to these state-of-the-art techniques. The results show that our embedding competes with these techniques and achieves low distortion in practice. Our method performs particularly well when the visualization, and hence the embedding, adheres to the solar system design principle of our application. Nonetheless-as with all dimensionality reduction techniques-the distortion may be high. We leverage interaction techniques to give clear visual cues that allow users to accurately judge distortion. We illustrate the use of SolarView by exploring the high-dimensional metric space of bibliographic entity similarities.

Reconceptualizing superwork for improved access to popular cultural objects

ABSTRACTIn the context of popular culture, a successful work or a work with broad cultural or scientific impact often prompts the publication of many derivative works across multiple formats and by multiple creators, works that share elements with the original work such as topics, characters or universes. We argue for reconceputalization of the “Superwork” entity to aggregate these relevant works into a single bibliographic entity about which facts in the form of metadata, exploitable by library users, can be recorded. In this paper, we aim to conduct a deeper investigation of the superwork concept and establish an initial definition for and some boundaries of the concept. In order to further develop the idea of superwork, we provide a prominent example and explain different characteristics of superwork identified via entity analysis. We conclude by discussing examples showcasing the multiple challenges for conceptualizing and representing superwork.

The representation of a multimedia franchise as a single entity: contrasting existing bibliographic entities with web-based Superwork portrayals

The representation of a multimedia franchise as a single entity: contrasting existing bibliographic entities with web-based Superwork portrayals

E. Wyndham Hulme's Classification of the Attributes of Books: On an Early Model of a Core Bibliographical Entity

Modelling bibliographical entities is a prominent activity within knowledge organization today. Current models of bibliographic entities, such as Functional Requirements for Bibliographical Records (FRBR) and the Bibliographic Framework (BIBFRAME), take inspiration from data-modelling methods developed by computer scientists from the mid-1970s on. Thus, it would seem that the modelling of bibliographic entities is an activity of very recent vintage. However, it is possible to find examples of bibliographical models from earlier periods of knowledge organization. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to one such model, outlined by the early 20th-century British classification theorist E. Wyndham Hulme in his essay on “Principles of Book Classification” (1911–1912). There, Hulme set forth a classification of various attributes by which books can conceivably be classified. These he first divided into accidental and inseparable attributes. Accidental attributes were subdivided into edition-level and copy-level attributes and inseparable attitudes, into physical and non-physical attributes. Comparison of Hulme’s classification of attributes with those of FRBR and BIBFRAME 2.0 reveals that the different classes of attributes in Hulme’s classification correspond to groups of attributes associated with different bibliographical entities in those models. These later models assume the existence of different bibliographic entities in an abstraction hierarchy among which attributes are distributed, whereas Hulme posited only a single entity— the book—, whose various aspects he clustered into different classes of attributes. Thus, Hulme’s model offers an interesting alternative to current assumptions about how to conceptualize the relationship between attributes and entities in the bibliographical universe.

From Record Management to Data Management: RDA and New Application Models BIBFRAME, RIMMF, and OliSuite/WeCat

ABSTRACTThe reflection provoked by RDA produced the awareness that the flat format of MARC 21 records is inadequate in expressing the relationships between bibliographic entities that the FRBR model and RDA standard consider fundamental. RIMMF and BIBFRAME indicate to software developers a way to think that is consistent with RDA. In Italy, @Cult, a software house and bibliographic agency working for Casalini Libri, has taken on the charge of following and facilitating the transition: OliSuite/WeCat provides an implementation of RDA that integrates vocabularies and ontologies already present in the Web by structuring the information in linked open data.

링크드 데이터 환경에서의 서지기술형식 BIBFRAME과 그 활용에 대한 고찰

미국국회도서관에서 서지레코드의 웹 접근성을 확보하고 웹 환경으로의 통합을 목적으로 새로운 서지기술형식인 BIBFRAME을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 BIBFRAME 모델 및 경과를 소개하고, BIBFRAME 클래스와 속성어휘를 살펴보고, MARC21과 BIBFRAME 어휘간 매핑, MARC 목록레코드의 BIBFRAME 전환사례를 제시함으로써 BIBFRAME 활용방안에 대한 이해를 높이고자 하였다. BIBFRAME은 서지개체를 저작-인스턴스 관계로 구분하고 데이터의 시맨틱을 이해할 수 있는 RDF/XML과 식별자를 사용하며, 주석 개체를 제시하여 이용자 및 외부 기관에서 생산한 정보를 서지데이터상에 제시하고 있다. 이를 통해 서지데이터의 링크드 데이터로의 활용가능성을 제시하고 이용자의 정보탐색가능성을 향상할 수 있다는 점에서 그 의의가 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 콘텐트 모델에 상관없는 적용 및 다양한 자료유형의 수용을 보완하기 위한 계속적인 테스트가 요구되며 복잡한 구조의 사용성을 높이기 위한 BIBFRAME 모델 및 어휘 수정 그리고 가이드라인 구축이 요구된다. Library of Congress introduced BIBFRAME as a new bibliographic framework to enhance web accessibility of bibliographic records and their integration to Web of data. This study introduces BIBFRAME model and its current status, reviews BIBFRAME classes and properties, and presents a mapping between MARC21 and BIBFRAME. The study aims to help the understanding the deployment of BIBFRAME in bibliographic description. BIBFRAME categorizes bibliographic entities into Work-Instance, and employs RDF/XML and URIs to identify resources and specify semantics of the resources on the Web. It also suggests an Annotation entity to provide additional information produced by users and external organizations. BIBFRAME is significant in that it presents a new paradigm of bibliographic description and expands users' information discovery in the context of Linked Data. Continuous researches are required to support its content model agnostic application to diverse resource type, which may entail a modification of BIBFRAME model and vocabulary. It also calls for guidelines for using the complicated vocabulary in a coherent way.

Bits and Pieces of Information: Bibliographic Modeling of Transmedia

Transmedia is a technique of telling a single narrative or creating a continuous imaginary world across multiple media platforms. The article seeks to explore this emerging phenomenon in terms of bibliographic organization. It analyzes transmedia features in the context of bibliographic entities and relationships, particularly those outlined in the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records FRBR and FRBROO (object-oriented redefinition) conceptual models.

Author gender metadata augmentation of hathitrust digital library

Bibliographic metadata is essential for digital library resource description. Especially as the size and number of bibliographic entities grows, high-quality metadata enables richer forms of digital library access, search, and use. Metadata records can be enriched through automated techniques. For example, a digital humanities scholar might use the gender of a set of authors during their literature analysis. In this study, we undertook to enrich the metadata description of a large-scale digital library, the HathiTrust (HT) digital library, specifically by determining the gender of authors of the public domain portion of the collection. The results are stored to a separate Solr index accessible through the HathiTrust Research Center services. This study, which successfully resolved in 78.9% of the cases the gender of authors in the HT public domain corpus, suggests future research directions in capturing and representing the provenance of the contributing sources to enhance trust, and in machine learning to resolve the remaining names.