Biblical Expression Research Articles

Biblical Expressions in A. N. Ostrovsky’s Plays

In 2023, Russia celebrates the 200th anniversary of Alexander N. Ostrovsky, the famous playwright who portrayed Russia in the epoch of serfdom. The author used the method of continuous sampling to harvest lexical intertextualisms from A. N. Ostrovsky’s plays, as well as the methods of linguistic culturological analysis, interpretation, linguacultural commentary, and systematizing to describe the material. Biblical expressions in A. N. Ostrovsky’s plays are numerous but remain understudied. However, they play an important semantic and linguacultural role in that they render the text a bookish style. Some personages demonstrate the symbolism of biblical words as dominants of their worldview. Quite often, biblical expressions are incomprehensible, archaic, or semantically random, thus revealing poor education. The article focuses on one-lexeme biblical expressions. They could be divided into two groups: 1) proper names, e.g., Jared, Herod, Judas, Lazarus, etc., and related phraseological units, e.g., to sing Lazarus, i.e. to lament or complain; 2) common nouns with a special symbolism in the text, e.g., expanse, vigil, fasting, abstinence, covenant, grace, goodness, bounty, ordeal, brimstone, etc. Each example is provided with comments on their biblical source and the functional characteristics in the context.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIBLICALISMS IN UKRAINIAN AND ENGLISH

Objective. The objective of this article is to conduct a comparative analysis of biblical expressions in Ukrainian and English.. Methods. The main scientific results are obtained applying a set of general scientific and special research methods, namely: analysis and generalization of scientific literature on the problems of the functioning and translation of biblicalisms; theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis; holistic approach to the study of linguistic phenomena; comparative, descriptive and analytical methods; and the method of continuous sampling.. Results. The authors analyze the ways in which phraseological units of biblical origin are formed, define groups of biblical units, ways of rendering biblical expressions in the process of translation and conduct a comparative analysis of biblical units in English and Ukrainian (pointing out their common features and semantic, grammatical, and stylistic differences). Functioning of biblicalisms in English and Ukrainian shows intriguing similarities and marked differences, reflecting their different cultural, historical and linguistic foundations. The Bible's profound influence on language, literature, and culture has provided a rich reservoir of idiomatic and figurative expressions that resonate with speakers of both languages. The comparative analysis of biblical phraseology between English and Ukrainian emphasizes the rich cultural and linguistic ties that exist between the two languages. These expressions play a significant role in shaping the literary and cultural heritage of each language and remain relevant in the modern context. The authors conclude that, while some biblical sayings are translated literally from English to Ukrainian and vice versa, others may undergo adaptation according to the linguistic and cultural nuances of each language and culture. Translators often strive to preserve the original meaning and cultural significance, ensuring that the expressions resonate with the target audie

The Days of My Life: A little-known autobiography of a 19th century Hungarian Rabbi

ABSTRACT The article deals with the maskilic autobiography written in 1886 by a little-known Hungarian rabbi, Mózes Salamon (1837–1912). The autobiography, entitled The Days of My Life, was written in Hebrew in rhymed prose as a tribute to the medieval maqama. The bitter-sweet story of the author’s eventful youth is imbued with biblical expressions and connotations. Like other members of the Haskalah movement, the author stresses the vital importance of general education, while criticizing the religious educational system of his time and those who stand in the way of acquiring knowledge.

False Doctrine, False God, False Economy: Scarcity and Abundance in the Song of Solomon

Mainstream economics is predicated on the notion that scarcity is intrinsic to the world. Heterodox approaches, however, treat abundance as the proper starting point of analysis. I argue that this is an essentially theological disagreement which is central to the discourse of the Bible. The paper begins by tracing the history of each side of the disagreement, which I respectively designate the scarcity doctrine and the abundance perspective. With reference to the history of money, the paper upholds the abundance perspective, arguing that the scarcity doctrine tends to create the very ‘economic problem’ which it purports to solve. The Biblical expression of the disagreement is then examined through a case study from the Song of Solomon. Viewing this passage from the abundance perspective implies a subversive reading of the text, in which the exploitative economy of Solomon is personified as a false god of scarcity. The female Lover’s alternative economy is motivated by Love, which the paper suggests should also motivate an alternative economics.

Евангельские притчи в дилогии А.В. Иванова «Тобол»: аксиологические и эстетические функции

The subject of consideration in the presented article is the artistic functions of the gospel parables in the historical dilogy of the contemporary Russian writer A.V. Ivanov. Interest in the historical topic is characteristic of the writer’s entire work, throughout his career he turns to various historical subjects related to the history of the Ural and Siberian regions. In his historical works, Ivanov often resorts to depicting both Orthodox and pagan religious rituals, creates images of ministers of worship, sometimes paraphrases certain biblical expressions, plots, images. But there is still no consensus in Russian criticism about whether Christian motives play an axiological or exclusively decorative role in Ivanov. The purpose of this work is to analyze the axiological and aesthetic functions of the gospel parables updated in the text of the dilogy, since the subtitle to the novel is already a quote from the gospel parables about those invited to the feast and about the workers of the 12th hour. The article establishes that in the general context of the novel, the parables are part of an extensive system of Christian allusions and elements of Orthodox culture, which allow the author to study the nature of moral choice and emphasize the need for a non-violent, merciful attitude to the world and to the “hellish” Siberian realities. The parables themselves, used by Ivanov in “Tobol”, can be classified both by characters whose fate reflects parable plots (Semyon Remezov, Governor Gagarin, Vanya Demarin), and by symbolic meaning: from the vast array of gospel parables, the writer chooses parables of two semantic fields: related to the image of the Kingdom of Heaven and ways to achieve it, and also illustrating the idea of mercy to sinners, which in the novel complements the idea of just retribution (the Last Judgment). Considered in aggregate, the gospel parables allow us to reveal the author’s attitude to the traditional problems of moral choice for Russian literature.

An Insufficient Canon: The Popol Wuj, Book of Mormon, and Other Scriptures

An Insufficient Canon: The Popol Wuj, Book of Mormon, and Other Scriptures

Noun в(иј)енац in phrases with Christian meaning component in the Serbian language (from the viewpoint of lexicographic description)

This paper deals with the noun ?(??)???? in phrases with Christian (biblical) component of meaning in contemporary Serbian language from the lexicographic aspect. The research is founded on the assumption that in the Serbian language there is not only a greater number of phrases containing the noun ?(??)???? with Christian (biblical) component of meaning than those registered in the existing descriptive dictionaries, but also on the fact that the noun ?(??)???? in these realizations represents universal Christian concepts that are, to a greater or lesser extent, described in dictionaries of Slavic languages. Semantic components ?immortality?, ?feat? and ?glory?, which are inherent in the lexical content of expressions motivated by the noun ?(??)????, belong to primarily Christian concepts of martyrdom, being tortured, feats and victory, which at the same time represent their primary meanings. This concretely means that, for example, the expression ????? ????? is firstly labelled as a biblical expression, and then the derived, i.e. phraseological meaning was formed and separately defined. In the former case it is a biblical expression, while in the latter it is a biblicism as a special type of phraseologism. Moreover, by examining equivalent expressions in dictionaries of Slavic languages, where special attention is paid to dictionaries from the Slavic area of Slavia Orthodoxa, it was noticed that the noun ?(??)???? as part of expressions in concrete semantic realizations represents universal Christian concepts which are, to a lesser or greater extent, described in dictionaries of Slavic languages.

HRIŠĆANSKI ASPEKTI POJMA IPOSTAS (LIČNOST) U BIBLIJSKIM SPISIMA

The term hypostasis represents one of the key theological terms used by the holy fathers in an effort to define the meaning and significance of the person in theological disputes during the historical life of the Church. Although the term hypostasis which we find in the Orthodox Christian tradition is not found in the ancient Hebrew text as an exact term as we find one in the ancient Greek translation of the Old Testament, it does not mean that the meaning of this term is foreign to biblical thought. On the contrary, there are other terms by means of which we conclude that its meaning can still be read from the corresponding Old Hebrew expressions. In that sense, we believe that the ancient Jewish ideograms, both in their internal meanings and as ideographic gatherings that constitute biblical words, form in many ways the foundation of today’s Orthodox perception of this theologically important concept. By his acts of worship, or by his active presences, God himself participates in the economic historical appearances of the chosen people. Epiphanies as divine active presences are in some way imprinted in the Divine naming, which makes the holy biblical writings God-established ideographic testimonies and messages, which speak of divine actions as actions of certain divine Persons. In that sense, biblical expressions like rbdm lwqh,, ynda,, hwhy,, ~ yhla,, rbd, םyhla xwr,, hwhy xwr,, hwhy! kvm, etc., as ideographic signs of the divine plan of salvation, point to the appropriate Old Testament revelations of the divine hypostases of God the Father, the Son of God and the Spirit of God, which divinely guide the history of salvation of man and the world from sin and death. Keywords: hypostasis, (ancient Hebrew) ideograms, face (of God), presence (of God), God, Lord, word (of God), spirit (of God), naming of God

Research of the Symbolic and Allegorical Composition of the "Eye of Providence" in the Cultural Heritage of the Trypillia Protocivilization and Religious Analysis Context

Well known in religious culture, the symbol “Eye of Providence” or “All-seeing eye” is an emblem sign with deep foundations, which lies in the architectural and iconographic tradition of Christianity, Masonic societies, various esoteric circles. The Radiant Delta became a visual icon in the 15th century and was used in mystical philosophical teachings, and as a decoration on religious paintings and works of art. “The Eye”, as an emblem, was incorporated into the interiors and exteriors of both Orthodox and Catholic churches, often in the most visible way. The glow of the all-pervading “Eye” inside or above the triangle has become a metaphor meaning the One God with his essence of all-encompassing and all-seeing and is sometimes interpreted as a symbol beyond the reach of human imagination and objective cognition. However, referring to archaic religions and mythologies, the author reveals archetypal images and schemes, signs and their combinations, which are hiding concepts, notions and structural-semantic patterns, that are obvious precursors to the formation of the modern cult symbol of the “Eye of Providence”. The article examines the history of the “Eye of Providence” as a symbol, which in the biblical tradition undergoes its formation from a textual sign to an iconographic image and leads its common thread of “written history” from the ancient temple cult. From this the specificity of the semantic structure of the studied sign-symbol and certain historical and cultural contexts in which the above symbol is developing, is determined. The author proves that the metaphorical symbol of the “Eye” with its semantic specificity existed long before the emergence of the biblical expression and was specifically reproduced in different ancient peoples. Initially, it was associated with cult buildings. From the point of view of the archaic human cognition of the symbol under study, the regularities concerning natural phenomena and the visible Cosmos, by the “patronage” of which the original expression of the sacred “Eye” was born, are revealed. The work involves research on the temple of Trypillia culture, because the establishment of a universal „thread of history” of the „Eye” expression from the archaic temple cult and cult buildings gives rise to such an appeal. With this it is established that the „Heavenly Eye” expression originated from the astronomical situation and was associated with the stellar allegory of Taurus / Taurus constellation – a sacred image in many cultures of the Eneolithic era.

The concept repentance in the structure of the cognitive matrix “christian moral values” and its verbalizers

The article deals with verbalizers of the phrasal concept REPENTANCE in the system of Christian moral values of the English language culture. In the proposed study, cognitive-matrix analysis was implemented as the main research methodology, the principles of which were developed by Yu. M. Boldyrev. It is based on the concept of matrix (nets) domains, in which the matrix can be illustrated graphically as a grid. It is understood as a simple set of conceptual areas, and the conceptual sphere or domain - as a context for updating the meaning of the word. The domains‟ matrix is identified in intelligence as a value system of Christianity verbalized through the system of biblical phraseology of American and British English. Scientific novelty. The exploration specifies the terminological scope of the term “biblical phraseology / biblical expression”; the essence of the method of cognitive-matrix analysis is shown, too. Conclusions. The analysis is underpinned by phraseographic sources and the conceptual component of the concept REPENTANCE has been characterized. This analysis has revealed the place of this linguistic essential quality in the structure of the integrative concept (matrix) of CHRISTIAN MORAL VALUES and the correlation of the concept of REPENTANCE with the domain of repentance is determined. The selected biblical expressions, verbalizers of this concept, are defined and characterized.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО БИБЛЕИЗМА ВОЛК В ОВЕЧЬЕЙ ШКУРЕ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РУССКОЙ РЕЧИ

The article deals with the defamiliarization of the biblical idiom “a wolf in sheep’s clothing” in the modern Russian media reality and speech, and with the transformational potential of this unit. Based on the transformational paradigm of the idiom “a wolf in sheep’s clothing” in the horizontal analytical dimension, the article aims to identify the incentives of its transformation (internal phraseological modelling) and formation according to the model (external phraseological modelling), to track its temporal and sociocultural markedness inscribing it into the cultural and ideological context of the newest era, and to reveal the complex of linguistic and non-linguistic factors “provoking” the author of the media text to make the transformational updates which make the contextual (semantic and formal) reinterpretation of the idiom possible. Within the boundaries of the transformational paradigm at the level of its inner and outer vectors, the symbolic meanings of the components and the role of “metaphor of dressing up” in deceitful garments, semantic and structural-semantic transformations (amplification, substitution, implication, double actualization of certain components of the phraseological unit, morphological transformations, deformation of the syntax model, and role inversion), the role of phraseological configuration as an incentive for updating the biblical idiom as well as the facts of phraseological modelling are considered. The article focuses on the heteromorphism of phraseological transformations (semantic, structuralsemantic, including morphological ones) with one of the types dominating. Particular attention is paid to both the systemic and nonsystemic nature of phraseological transformations and the influence of semantics and pragmatics of the original biblical prototext on the transformative potential of the idiom “a wolf in sheep’s clothing”. Following the investigation, it has been found out that the transformative impulses emanating from the semantic and cultural meaning of the original biblical prototext are in demand to a much lesser extent than the linguistic ones (potential of the structural-semantic model of the idiom, symbolic value of its components as well as their systemic connections at the lexical-semantic and grammatical level), which confirms the secularization of the biblical expression and its transition to the category of functional textual units. The study is performed on the material of fiction, Russian printed and electronic media as well as Internet forums and blogs of the beginning of the 21st century. Using the methods of the textual identification of transformations, phraseological modelling, as well as component variable, historical-etymological and linguocultural analysis, the biblical idiom is considered a text-formative element.

The symbol of light’s ray in images of the annunciation of the 14th and 15th centuries according to greek patrology

The current article tries to interpret the deep doctrinal meanings derived from the visual and textual metaphors related to the ray of light, the Sun, and other light elements. underlying the symbol of the beam of light depicted in the images of the Annunciation of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. To undertake this goal, we will follow two methodological strategies based on comparative analysis. Firstly, we will analyze some texts through which many Greek-Eastern Church Fathers interpret several biblical terms, such as Sol iustitiae, lux mundi, and other similar expressions as metaphors that symbolize God the Son incarnate. Secondly, we will analyze eight images of the Annunciation from the 14th and 15th centuries that include a ray of light emitted by God the Father towards the Virgin Mary. From the comparative analyzes between both sets, texts and images, we will conclude that this ray of light represented in such Annunciations is a visual metaphor that illustrates the textual metaphors deciphered by the Greek-Eastern Fathers from the Biblical expressions mentioned, as a symbol of Christ, "Sun of Justice” and“ light of the world”, which is incarnated to redeem Humanity from the darkness of error and sin.
 

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIBLICAL PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH BLUE AND GREEN COLOUR COMPONENTS (on the example of English, Russian and Georgian)

Language as an important part of culture reflects our reality and interprets it, creating the reality in which we live. It expresses mentality of the nation, views of peoples in the world and is closely related to the history, culture and traditions of different countries.The study of language is provided within many different disciplinary areas and from different theoretical angles, all of which inform modern approaches to linguistics.Echoes of previous years remain today in proverbs, sayings, phraseological units, metaphors, culture symbols, etc. Lan- guage learning is a natural creative process.A study and analysis of words cannot be done without the consideration of various features and linguistic theories. Language attracts people’s attention because of the wealth literature and knowledge enshrined in it. As is known EnglishRussian and Georgian are considered as one of the most vital universal languages in the world. Nothing defines a culture as distinctly as its language, and the element of language that best encapsulates a society’s values and beliefs is its proverbs. Proverbial expressions are still very much alive in everyday languages, and the daily conversation would seem rather dull without them. Biblical proverbs and sayings are the wisdom of thought.Although English, Russian and Georgian belong to a family of different languages and systematically differs from each other, it is interesting to make comparative analysis of different lexical and phraseological units.There are countless colours in nature. Colour is a physical, psychological, and linguistic phenomenon and a subject of analysis in many sciences, a component of many arts playing a great role in the life of society. The lexical group of colour designation is significant in creation and expression of a language picture.The notion of colour is multifaceted, complex in its structure. It expresses not only visual perception but also connotative meanings. The diversity of the meanings of colors is due to the history of the development of states, religions and traditions. A colour palette has been reflected in mythology, legends, fairy tales, customs and various religious or mystical teachings.In this paper, we aimed at discussing the phenomenon of blue and green colours, which has a wide range of nominal po- tential and semantic ambiguity. They are the most conservative colours in the spectrum, perceived in both human consciousness and languages with a wide range of symbolic meanings.In linguistics, the study of colour concepts in different languages has a long tradition, presented by lots of publications. People can look at the same subject but perceive its colour differently. Colour terms differ across languages and the differences have been viewed through the prism of culture.A phraseological unit is more complex and multi-dimensional space, as far as the language reveals its possibilities most in phraseological units. As language is a meaning of expressing thoughts, any linguistic unit (a word, phrase, saying ...) should be considered in context.In our paper we have attempted to present phraseological units in three languages adapting bible words and expressions that made them own language property. Thus, it should be noted that phraseological units make the concentrated wisdom of all nations. They have certain pure linguistic features showing powerful universal and actually national culturological and lan- guage capacity. As far as we understand, phraseological units have their own connotative fields, analysing expressions with the above mentioned colours in the given languages, we can see that the connotative fields of the colours are not always integral. Life of biblical expressions in the modern European languages convincingly testifies to imperishability of spirit and a letter of the Book of books.Comparative approach allows receiving information on similarity or distinction of colour concepts in different languages, national and specific, lingvocultural peculiarities, conceptual models of vision of the world and interpretations in separate languages.

Авторские коннотации в символических значениях онимов в текстах современных одесских поэтов

The article deals with the problem of the lexical meaning of the word in the wide sense of the term. Today, linguists distinguish lexicographic meaning, psychologically real, associative, conceptual and symbolic meaning of the word. Proper names have the so-called noun meaning. The symbolic meaning in onyms depends on extralinguistic factors. Most often, onyms with symbolic meaning are used in poetic texts, because firstly, they are condensates of specific concepts, and secondly, author’s connotations that express emotional-evaluative relationships can be added to them. In the poetic texts of modern Odessa authors, the most frequent were mythonyms with symbolic meaning (72% of the total number of analyzed texts), biblical expressions (24%) were in the second place, and proper names of famous personalities (4%) were in the third place. Author’s connotations expressed, as a rule, a positive assessment; emotions of irony, self-irony, sense of humor.

Methods of Communicative Intention Explication of the Phraseological Unit with Biblical Expression «Forbidden Fruit» (Diachronic Section)

The article analyzes methods of explication of the traditional and widely used stable biblical expression «forbidden fruit». The study is based on a diachronic section – from the interpretation of the biblical text to the communicative intention of dialogue participants in the media space illustrating nuclear
 and peripheral meanings. The analysis includes biblical texts that realize the archetypal meaning of the biblical expression «forbidden fruit» in which it is called the tree of knowledge of good and evil. The secularized interest in the
 kind of tree, on which forbidden fruits grew, is motivated by a realistic presentation of a sad history of the first people’s fall in the Book of Genesis. Scientific hypotheses have their origins since the Middle Ages, when artists recreated the author’s story of eating the forbidden fruit. For religion, the variety of the fruit
 is not of fundamental importance, however, visualization in the works of art has become an incentive for the further use of the biblical expression with a new semantic segment.
 Modern media texts actively represent the transformation of the biblical expression«forbidden fruit» for different purposes: in advertising texts for pragmatic one, in informative, educational, ideological texts for cognitive one,
 in entertaining textsfor communicative one, lowering the spiritual and semantic value register of the modern language. Therefore, the process of desemantization and profanization of the biblical expression results in the destruction of national
 stereotypes in Russian people’s worldview.

Сакральність у мовотворчості М. Рильського

The article is devoted to the analysis of linguistic means of sacrality as a style category, covering the solemnly elevated, traditionally established register of expressive linguistic means that hold the dominant values of the figurative book syntagms of religious style. Particular attention is paid to the unveiling of the stylistic potential of biblical words and expressions in the early speech-making of Maksym Rylskyi. The linguistic mechanisms of sacrality as a means of creating linguistic color, solemn, sublime, aesthetic perfection, positively-valued sounding of a poetic word are revealed. Performing stylistic, compositional, pragmatic functions in the artistic text, the sacral units are expressions of the individual-authorial reception of the values. Traditional artistic means of expressing sacrality in Maksym Rylskyi’s language are biblical words and phraseologisms, which are included in the registers not only of dictionaries of biblical words and expressions, but also of common phraseological and interpretative dictionaries dominant in the figurative book syntagms of the religious style and at the same time the expression of the gravity of the spiritual memory of the nation. In poetic contexts biblical words and expressions often acquire a metaphorical, lyrical sound, attesting to the sacral desemantization of lexemes, but instead actualizing implicit linguistic semantics.

Семантична структура компаративем за об’єктом порівняння (на матеріалі збірки новел М. Дочинця „Хліб і шоколад”)

For a literary text, the use of comparative constructions is extremely important, because, in such a way, a writer shows his own worldview, subjective and evaluative attitude to the facts and phenomena of objective reality, figuratively and expressively specifying the distinctive features of a particular image. The topicality of the research is determined by the fact that comparative constructions are widely represented in the collection of short stories by M. Dochynets „Bread and Chocolate”, that is why they have become the subject of scientific research. The aim of the article is to analyze the semantic structure of comparative constructions by the object of comparison as a manifestation of the writer’s individual style. The factual material made it possible to divide the comparative constructions into seven lexical-semantic fields (LSF): „man”, „animate nature”, „man-made objects”, „inanimate nature”, „sensory feelings”, „time”, „demoniac creatures”. The structure of the LSF „man” includes the following constituents: names of personalities, somatisms, biblical expressions, features of the object; the LSF „animate nature” is represented by three lexical-semantic groups (LSG) – names of flora, zoonyms, ornithonyms. The components of the LSF „man-made objects” are the following LSGs: names of everyday objects, names of the parts of a building, the materials for construction, names of transport; the LSF „inanimate nature” – names of substances and materials, names of natural phenomena, locatives, hydronyms. The LSF „sensory feelings” includes three LSG – sounds, smells, taste. The LSF „time” and „demoniac creatures” are homogeneous in their structure and do not require differentiation into LSG. The distinguished comparative constructions by the object of comparison are interpreted as individually author’s ones and require further research. The analysis of comparative constructions by the subject and feature of comparison, the determination of their stylistic function in the author’s literary texts, in particular in the collection of short stories „Bread and Chocolate” are considered as an advanced research direction.

Ohionim of the Mother of God in poetic discourse of Taras Shevchenko

The object of the proposed article is the Christian ohionim of the Mother of God in the poetic discourse of Taras Shevchenko. This proper name, together with the propriatives God, the Lord, forms the core of the sacredness of the studied texts. An indepth analysis of the “Kobzar” gives grounds to claim that its author was a deeply religious man who knew the Scriptures well and used it creatively in artistic practice. Evidence of this are the historical and philosophical poems “Mary” and “Neophytes”, in which biblical and secular motifs are organically intertwined, which is directly reflected in the level of verbalization (active use of Old Slavonic, God’s names, biblical expressions). On the basis of the theantropocentric approach, the peculiarities of the existence of the ohionim of the Mother of God in the texts of different genres are clarified. Up to the aim, a paradigmatic approach is used: all the names of the Mother of Jesus Christ recorded in the discourse are embedded in a nominative paradigm, each component of which (Mary, Mother, Mother of God, Mother Mary, Virgin, Immaculate, Queen of Heaven, Ever-immaculate, Good, All-Good, All-Holy, worthy, pure in wives, blessed in wives, great in wives mourning joy, holy power of all saints, our world unseen, my most glorious paradise, our beauty, world green, fragrant green lily) is characterized in terms of its semantic content and semantic specification, established correlations between them. A comparative analysis based on the semasiological procedure of the lexical resource that is part of the appellation and at the same time exists as a propriative unit was done. Special attention is paid to the connecting capabilities of the described ohionim, its ability to appear in the subjective, object, attributive function and thus to identify the features of semantic-syntactic valence. Episodes from the earthly and heavenly life of Mother Mary are clearly based on the valence pattern. The lexical-semantic compatibility of the theonym of the Mother of God with attributive modifiers in the form of agreed and uncoordinated definitions is comprehensively interpreted, their constitutive possibilities are clarified. It is proved that sacredness is one of the immanent features of Taras Shevchenko’s poetic idiostyle. Keywords: ohionim of the Mother of God, nominative paradigm, poetic discourse of Taras Shevchenko, syntagmatic resource, semantics.

Evropa i judeohrišćanska Biblija

The aim of this paper is to illustrate the influence of the Bible on European culture in three main aspects: language (translation), art and name-giving. Considering the vast impact of the Bible, this influence may be compared with that of classical culture. Fist part of the paper examines the influence of the Hebrew biblical expressions on the European languages in which Bible was translated into and then it continues with an analysis of the influence of the biblical characters, stories and motifs on European art. The last part researches the influence of the Hebrew names on the name-giving throughout of Europe.

Good seeds land on fertile soil: On the equivalence of vocabulary and phraseology

The article is devoted to the problem of equivalence/inequivalence of words and phrases. This problem is still very acute for modern phraseological science and especially for phraseographic allotage practice. The original language for the analysis is modern German and the historical aspect of the German language. Four phraseological units are described both semantically and by the degree of their equivalence / nonequivalence in the Russian language. The first (German: Unkraut vergeht nicht — lit. ‘Weeds do not leave; weed grass does not die’) has practically no exact equivalents in the Russian language, the plot of the second (German: Wenn du aufisst, wird morgen [wieder] schönes Wetter — lit. ‘If you reach the end, tomorrow (again) will be nice weather’ — A call to the child to eat food on a plate to the end) continues the line of nonequivalent German phraseology, in other languages it is impossible to find phrases with the same figurative basis. The third unit (German: zu etwas kommen wiе die Jungfrau zum Kind — lit. ‘Get something like a virgin a child’) reflects the biblical story, which in this form does not exist in Russian, and in other languages we also do not see a similar motif of the image of a virgin in the above sense. The last (auf fruchtbaren Boden fallen — lit. ‘to fall on fertile soil’) is devoted to the biblical expression, which is fully equivalent in German and Russian. Due to the biblical origin of the expression, it is known in many languages.