LBA388 Background: The optimal duration of chemotherapy and bevacizumab (bev) in mCRC is not well established. The CAIRO3 study investigated the efficacy of maintenance treatment with capecitabine (cap) + bev versus observation in mCRC patients (pts) not progressing during induction treatment with cap, oxaliplatin, and bev (CAPOX-B). Methods: Previously untreated mCRC pts, PS 0-1, with stable disease or better after six cycles of CAPOX-B were randomized between observation (arm A) or maintenance treatment with cap 625 mg/m2 bid daily continuously + bev 7.5 mg/kg iv q 3 weeks (arm B). Upon first progression (PFS1), pts in both arms were to be treated with CAPOX-B until 2nd progression (PFS2, primary endpoint). Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and time to 2nd progression (TTP2), which was defined as the time to progression or death on any treatment following PFS1, and quality of life. Preplanned subsetanalyses were performed. Results: A total of 558 pts were randomized. Median follow-up is 48 months. Upon PFS1, CAPOX-B was reintroduced in 61% of pts in arm A and 48% in arm B. Multivariable analyses for survival, with treatment adjusted for a series of pre-specified potentially confounding factors at baseline showed significant interactions for treatment (observation vs. maintenance) with resection of the primary tumor (yes vs. no) and synchronous or metachronous metastases at baseline (p values for interaction <0.0001). Especially pts with synchronous metastases with resected primary tumor (n=180) appear to benefit from maintenance treatment; median OS 18.0 months (observation arm) vs. 25.0 months (maintenance arm) (log-rank p value: <0.0001). Conclusions: Multivariable analysis showed significant interaction of treatment with some baseline covariates which were not equally distributed among both arms. The positive effect on survival for maintenance treatment with cap + bev is most obvious in pts with synchronous disease in whom the primary tumor was resected. Further details and final results on survival will be presented at the meeting. Clinical trial information: NCT00442637.