Berry Plants Research Articles

The Obtainment Process of Biopolymer Coated NPK Fertilizer and its Comparison with Analog on Berry Plants

The transition to a highly productive and environmentally friendly agricultural sector, the development and implementation of systems for the rational use of mineral fertilizers for obtaining safe and high-quality, including functional, food products is one of the main tasks allocated by the President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin. Due to this decree, the theory of mineral nutrition has received rapid development in recent decades within scientific and technological progress in the field of analytical chemistry and physics, molecular biology, and genetics. Information on various physiological and biochemical functions of plant nutrients has been obtained, and the regularities of the distribution of elements in various parts of plants and fruits (berries) have been also generalized. The main forms of nutrients in the soil and the factors determining the bioavailability of macro and micronutrients have been identified. The aim of this research paper is to produce a biodegradable fertilizer where Azofoska Universal (N16: P16: K16) was uniformly coated within layer size by water-soluble biopolymer through continuous flow reactor V-star. The obtained samples were further tested and compared to well-known American analog slow-released fertilizer TAGROW on berry plants under greenhouse conditions within, berry root plant volume, stress resistance of plants, yield, the resulting fruits were studied for sugar levels using an RHB-32ATC refractometer. Moreover, infrared spectroscopy data for obtained biopolymer coated Azafoska Universal is illustrated in this research.

Intrazonal fruit and berry plants in forest phytocenoses of the Western Ukraine

Intrazonal fruit and berry plants in forest phytocenoses of the Western Ukraine

ВИТАМИННАЯ ЦЕННОСТЬ И СОХРАННОСТЬ ТВОРОГА ПРИ ВВЕДЕНИИ В ЕГО РЕЦЕПТУРУ НАТУРАЛЬНЫХ КОНСЕРВАНТОВ ПЛОДОВ И ЯГОД

The purpose of these studies was to determine how much it is possible to extend the shelf life of cottage cheese and increase its vitamin value due to berries and fruits of some fruit and berry plants. The research was carried out in 2021 on the basis of the laboratory of the Department of Technology of Storage and Processing of Agricultural Products of the I. A. Bunin Yelets State University. Kefir with a fat content of 3.2% was used as the main raw material. The fruits and ber-ries were thoroughly washed and crushed into a pulp, then added to kefir and mixed evenly. Kefir was heated in a water bath and protein coagulation occurred at a temperature of 55 ° C. The result-ing mass was filtered through a non-woven fabric "Agrotek", applying the same load. Glass jars with a volume of 0.25 liters with tin lids with threads were sterilized by steam in a water bath at t=100 oC for several minutes. The jars were filled with ready-squeezed cottage cheese. The addi-tion of crushed fruits and berries to cottage cheese changes some of its organoleptic characteris-tics: orange pulp - consistency, sea buckthorn-smell and taste, aronia - color. The introduction of fruits and berries into the recipe of cottage cheese preserves the moisture and fat content within the standard. The dynamics of the acidity of cottage cheese is greatly disturbed only by the fruits of sea buckthorn. The addition of sea buckthorn fruits to it contributes to an increase in the humid-ity and acidity of cottage cheese in a greater degree. The shelf life of cottage cheese with the addi-tion of sea buckthorn fruits at a temperature of 4 oC was 8 days, the other options - 12 days. When stored in room conditions (t=20 oC), the control cottage cheese and with aronia spoiled after 5 days. Adding fruits to it slowed down the appearance of mold: cranberry - for 1 day, mountain ash - for 2 days, orange-for 3 days. The most organic acids are added to the cottage cheese by sea buckthorn fruits and cranberry berries, flavonols - the fruits of common mountain ash, coloring substances and anthocyanins - aronia, ascorbic acid and carotenoids, including β-carotene - aronia and mountain ash.

Seasonality in Human Interest in Berry Plants Detection by Google Trends

The phenology of berry-producing plants, particularly their harvest season, is of human interest and also reflects the ecosystem’s response to the changing environment. We investigated the seasonal dynamics of human interest in berries growing in boreal, subarctic and Arctic ecosystems, mainly in Russia, based on internet search data via Google Trends. There is a typical and culture-specific pattern of seasonal variations in search volume concerning berries across Russia, Finland, and Canada. Generally, the seasonal peak of search corresponds to the common berry harvest season across these countries. We discussed the potential and limitation for detecting ecological factors from the internet search data, in which physical phenomena and socio-cultural aspects are fundamentally superimposed, and its applicability to phenological studies.

Recovery of some elements from Empetrum nigrum L. growing in the Kola Peninsula using acid-based deep eutectic solvents

Empetrum nigrum L. (crowberry) is a useful berry plant growing in the Polar region, in particular in the Kola Peninsula. Crowberry berries and leaves are both used in food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic production. Developing extraction techniques for such plant raw materials processing is very actual and needs comprehensive study. Commonly, studies are focused of determination of the bioactive components in extracts, but for application it is important to know micro-, macro-, and toxic elements containing in obtained extracts. One of the modern methods of extraction is applying deep eutectic solvents. In this research extracts of E. nigrum L. were obtained using mixtures of choline chloride and malonic, malic, tartaric and citric acids with 30 wt.% of water. Mass-spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma was used for estimation of various metals recovery from plant material. It is obtained that extracts based on deep eutectic solvents are characterized by low concentrations of toxic and rare metals, and relatively high concentrations of macro- and micro-nutrient metals.

REVIEW: THE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OF TURKEY BERRY (Solanum torvum Swartz) PLANTS THAT ARE EFFICACIOUS AS MEDICINE

Indonesia has many plants that can be used as sources of food and medicine, one of them is the turkey berry plant (Solanum torvum Swartz). Turkey berry has many properties for the treatment of various diseases. This is influenced by the content of chemical compounds such as steroids, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and various vitamins that function as antioxidants, cardiovascular and immunomodulators. Morphologically, the turkey berry plants used for treatment are the leaves, fruit, and roots. Therefore, in compiling this article, various sources were gathered such as from ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, Sci-Hub, CABAbstracts, Elsevier, and other published and trusted journals.

THE REGENERATION ABILITY ASSESSMENT OF LARGE-FRUIT CRANBERRY STEM CUTTINGS

In 2018–2020 in the industry laboratory of introduction and technology of non-traditional berry plants of the Central
 Botanical Garden of National Academy of Science of Belarus the studies were conducted. The regenerative ability of large-fruit
 cranberry stem cuttings was assessed. The results of the experiments showed that rooting of cuttings decreases after
 storing the planting material and that it is better to plant them freshly harvested. But if necessary, the planting material can be
 stored up to two months. Plants formed from cuttings harvested from erect shoots are characterized by a higher shoot-forming
 ability, while plants grown from procumbent shoots give a greater linear growth. Planting the basal part of large-fruited
 cranberry cuttings in the substrate contributes to the plants formation with higher biometric indicators, compared with the
 cuttings planted with apex in the substrate.

Phenetic analysis of turkey berry (Solanum torvum Sw.) based on morphological character in Semarang region

Turkey berry (Solanum torvum Sw.) plant is originated from America, then spread widely to Asian regions. They used as food and pharmaceutical. The differences of latitude affecting morphological variations of Turkey berry since it affecting the physicochemical condition of their habitat, namely temperature and pH. Environmental temperature is one of important factor since it influencing the interaction process, while pH determines the growth and formation of chlorophyll. Morphological variations in turkey berry plant cause a similarity relationship that can examined using phenetic analysis. Currently, studies of turkey berry phenetic analysis based on morphological characters have not been done yet. This study examines the morphological variations of turkey berry that grow in different altitude specifically in the Semarang area. The sampling method which used in this study is the purposive sampling method. Turkey berry samples were obtained from altitude of 300, 600 and 900 above sea level respectively. Data analysis was performed using MVSP (MultiVariate Statistical Package) application. The algorithm used in the MVSP application is UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmatic Mean) with the Simple Matching Coefficient method, or grouping method with the complaints of paired pairs by analysis of the distance between pairs. The Operations Taxonomic Units (OTUs) analyzes 27 individuals, with 33 different morphological characters. Phenetic analysis shows the coefficient corelation between OTUs reaches 0.81 which is divided into 2 main clusters and 11 sub-clusters. This shows that turkey berry does not form subspecies to grow in different inner regions.

Comprehensive transcriptome profiling to identify genes involved in pistil abortion of Japanese apricot.

Flower development exists as a key period in the angiosperms life cycle and the proper development is considered with its reproductive success. Pistil abortion is one of the widely distributed aspects of berry plants and its basic mechanism in Japanese apricot is quite unclear and needs thorough investigation. The present study was carried out to get a deep insight into the pistil abortion mechanism in Japanese apricot using a transcriptomic approach. A large number of DEGs were identified from different development stages of normal and abortive pistils. Pair-wise comparison analysis was performed as LY1 vs DQD1, LY2 vs DQD2, and LY3 vs DQD3 and produced 3590, 2085, and 2286 transcripts, respectively. The Gene Ontology (GO) showed that different metabolic processes, plant hormones, developmental processes, and photosystem-related genes were involved in pistil abortion. The pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment of plant hormone's signal transduction and circadian rhythm pathways. Furthermore, transcription factors such as MYB, MADS-box, and NAC family showed lower expression in abortive pistils. The current study presents a new strategy for advanced research and understanding of the pistil abortion process in Japanese apricot and provides a possible reference for other deciduous fruit trees.

ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ВЫСОКОКАЧЕСТВЕННОГО ПОСАДОЧНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА ЛЕСНЫХ ЯГОДНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ МЕТОДОМ КЛОНАЛЬНОГО МИКРОРАЗМНОЖЕНИЯ ДЛЯ РЕКУЛЬТИВАЦИИ ВЫРАБОТАННЫХ ТОРФЯНИКОВ

The results of studies on the improvement of technology for producing highquality planting material of half-high blueberry and Arctic bramble by the method of clonal micropropagation are presented in the current paper. Creation of forest berry plantations in peat extraction areas allows reducing environmental damage and significantly increasing the efficiency of the timber industry. In recent decades, there has been an increasing interest in the creation of forest berry plantations on drained and cutover peatlands in Russia and other countries. It is necessary to use varietal planting material for the successful cultivation of forest berry plants on an industrial scale. Clonal micropropagation is the most effective of the vegetative methods for obtaining planting material, which allows receiving a huge amount of healthy planting material all year round in the conditions of a small laboratory area. Chloride-free ecosterilizer and bleaching agent based on sodium hypochlorite “Belizna” with an exposure of 15 and 20 min showed high efficiency in sterilization of explants of half-high blueberry and Arctic bramble. The highest viability of explants of the studied forest berry crops was observed when sterilized with a 0.1 % mercuric chloride solution and 15 min exposure, and its sharp decrease at 20 min exposure. At the stage of micropropagation, with an increase in the concentration of cytokinin 6-BAP from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/L on the nutrient Woody Plant Medium the number of shoots in regenerated plants of half-high blueberry (Northcountry and Northblue cultivars) and Arctic bramble (Anna and Sofia cultivars) increased. The effect of the concentration of IBA-derived auxin on the number and length of roots of regenerated plants was observed at the in vitro rooting stage.

137 Cs contaminations in wild-growing medicinal plants of Zhytomyr polissya forests: A 34 years after Chernobyl accident

The contamination of 137Cs in wild-growing medicinal plants was studied with regards to the species, type of forest vegetation conditions and soil specific activity of 137Cs in Zhytomyr polissya forest phytocenoses (Ukraine). The research was carried out in two plots planted in the most region typical edatopes - fresh and wet subor (Querceto-Pinetum). Species composition of phytocenoses was analyzed and the plants that can be harvested for pharmaceutical industry were identified on these test plots,. The herbal substance samples were tested to determine the specific activity of 137Cs. The studies have shown significant variability in the content of radionuclides due to differences in the level of radioactive contamination in the soil and accumulative capacity of plant species. For European blueberry, the peculiarities of 137Cs accumulation in vegetative and generative organs were studied. Comparison of the content of 137Cs in pants of different edatopes showed more higher intensity of radionuclide accumulation in wet suborbs compared to fresh suborbs. The average values of concentration factors were calculated and their rankings were built according to the intensity of 137Cs accumulation for the plants in each edatope. All studied medicinal plants were divided into four groups according to the contration factor: with weak accumulation, moderate accumulation, strong accumulation, and very strong accumulation. Based on the permissible content of 137Cs in wild-growing medicinal plants (600 Bq/kg), the maximum permissible level of soil contamination with radionuclides was determined for each medicinal plant species.

The Effect of Different Pruning Types on the Growth and Yield Capacity of Plum Varieties Fortune and Vengerka Domestica in Conditions of Armavir Community in Armavir Region

Pruning is vital for producing healthy and high quality yield. Nowadays, pruning of fruit and berry plants is considered to be one of the most important agro-technical measures. The role of pruning and trimming is significant in the improvement of sanitary conditions in orchards, as well as in foliage development, pest control, regular tree growth, fruiting regulation and its periodicity reduction. In the result of our investigations it is recommended that annual medium/moderate pruning should be implemented in the orchards of Fortune plum variety and for Vngerka domestica plum variety light or moderate pruning should be implemented.

Мотивационные признаки номинаций дикорастущих ягодных растений в хантыйском языке: этнолингвистический анализ

The article presents the results of ethno-linguistic study of berry plant names aimed to determine the motivating features of the nominations and word-building patterns in Western Khanty dialects. The material for the study comprised dictionaries of Synskiy, Shuryshkar, Ural, Kazym, Middle Ob dialects, dialect field recordings and expedition materials obtained by the author of this paper in 2017–2018. To identify word-building patterns, morpheme analysis was applied together with semantic and morphological analysis. Descriptive method was used to present the results. During continuous sampling, 56 folk names of wild berry plants have been found. Variability of naming was noticed. The names were also characterized by variable spelling (separate vs joint up) and variable pronunciation (with liaisons and vowel alternations). Motivational features of the names included color resemblance, similarity of one kind of berry to another, morphological features of the plant, places of growth, names of animals feeding on the berries. Compounding turned out the most frequent word-building pattern, semantic derivation and suffixation were also present but much less frequent. Among the names, practically no loan words were found.

Application of Plant Oils as Ecologically Friendly Hydraulic Fluids

This paper presents the results of physicochemical and tribological tests of vegetable oils obtained by the supercritical fluid extraction method from berry seeds. The research was conducted by using these oils as the raw material for the biodegradable hydraulic working fluids. The oils were assessed in terms of kinematic viscosity, anti-wear properties, resistance to oxidation and corrosive effects to copper and the pour point. The best results were achieved in the case of the blackcurrant seed oil. In order to confirm the practical possibility of using vegetable oils as working fluids for hydraulic couplings, experimental tests of the hydrodynamic clutch filled with blackcurrant seed oil were carried out. Based on the obtained research results, it was found that oils from berry plant seeds produced by supercritical extraction could be used in the future as potential working fluids for hydraulic systems.

The evaluation of infection caused by different fungi species of highbush blueberry plants grown on selected commercial plantations located in central Poland

W latach 2017–2018 prowadzono badania dotyczące wy-stępowania chorób powodowanych przez grzyby na czterech plantacjach borówki wysokiej zlo-kalizowanych w centralnej Polsce. Celem badańbyła izolacja i identyfikacja patogenów z pora-żonych organów krzewów borówki wysokiej. W badanym materiale roślinnym zidentyfikowano cztery gatunki grzybów. Na wszystkich lustrowa-nych plantacjach obserwowano Botrytis cinerea, Godronia cassandrae i Phomopsis vaccinii, a tyl-ko na jednej plantacji zidentyfikowano Valdensia heterodoxa. Grzyby identyfikowano na podstawie oznak etiologicznych obecnych na porażonych organach roślin, przy użyciu klasycznych metod. W ramach badań oceniono skuteczność siedmiu fungicydów w zwalczaniu choroby szara pleśńborówki wysokiej. Do badań wykorzystano za-równo preparaty powszechnie polecane w ochro-nie borówki wysokiej przed szarą pleśnią, jak i fungicydy dopuszczone do ochrony przed tą cho-robą upraw innych roślin jagodowych (truskawka i malina). Fungicydy Luna Experience 400 SC i Prolectus 50 WG mogą być rozważane jako uzu-pełnienie listy środków zalecanych do zwalczania choroby szara pleśń na plantacjach borówki wy-sokiej.

The Role of a Water Canal and Secondary Forest for Migrants

Abstract Forests have an important role during migration. They act as ecological corridors and provide resting and feeding places for birds. In our study, we sought to determine whether migratory birds prefer secondary forest or canal vegetation during migration. The study was carried out in Southeast Hungary, in an oleaster forest and in a canal. We used 12 mist nets and the ringing method. The study period lasted from August to October 2016–2018, covering approximately the entire migration period. According to our results, the canal has a significant effect on the species assemblage, as it functions as a migration corridor during migration, most likely not only for diurnal migrants, but for nocturnal migrants as well. Our results showed that the presence of both woody and berry plants had some influence on the species composition. Interestingly, the presence of berries had a positive effect on the presence of insectivorous birds.

Methods of experimental polyploidization and their use in apple breeding

The article presents methods of experimental polyploidy of fruit, berry and ornamental plants. The purpose of this review is to highlight the problems and prospects of polyploidization of plants in the open ground and in vitro culture and the possibility of their application for apple trees. For the purpose of obtaining apple tetraploids as donors of diploid gametes, seed seedlings were treated with a solution of colchicine in concentrations of 0.1-0.4 % for 24 and 48 hours. Colchicine concentrations of 0.3 % and 0.4 % at 48 hours of treatment had a detrimental eff ect on their development. As a result, tetraploids and chimeras were obtained from seeds from free pollination of the varieties Orlik, Svezhest, Kandil Orlovsky, as well as from seeds obtained from crossing the varieties Svezhest×Bolotovskoe, Moskovskoe Оzherel’e×Imrus, Girlyanda×Venyaminovskoe. The optimal concentration of colchicine was 0.1 %. Methods of colchicine treatment have been studied: 1) adding to the nutrient medium, colchicine concentration: 0.01%, 0.02%, exposure time 24h-19 days; 2) applying amitotic solution to the growth point, colchicine concentration: 0.1 %, 0.2 %, exposure time 24h-7 days. To increase the penetration of colchicine through the cell walls, a 0.1 % dimexide solution was used. Studies have shown that high concentrations and prolonged exposure to colchicine reduce the viability of explants.

Fruit and berry plants of forest belts as a factor of species diversity of ornithofauna during the breeding season and autumn migration period

During migration, the availability of food that affects the success of bird movements, the nature and timing of their movements, is critical for many bird species. The relationship between migration routes and the ripening of fruit and berry plants along the route is important. Four types of forest belts were studied: wind-blown maple-ash, latticed maple-linden, dense oak-maple-linden, wind-blown oak-maple-poplar. During the study 43 bird species were identified consuming 9 major fruit and berry plant species: Sambucus nigra, Prunus spinosa, Crataegus laevigata, Rosa canina, Prunus padus, Sorbus aucuparia, Rhamnus cathartica, Morus nigra, Prunus cerasus. The highest average number of birds feeding in forest belts (4.14 ind./km) was registered in oak-maple-linden dense forest belts, while the lowest number (1.48 ind./km) was recorded in wind-blown maple-ash ones. Maple-linden latticed forest belts characterize the best index data of α-diversity of birds. In the summer-autumn diet, succulent fruit are the most important: Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) – 11.8% of the total number of birds observed to feed on this food resource, Greenfinch (Chloris chloris) – 11.3%, Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) – 9.3%, Song thrush (Turdus philomelos) – 7.3%, Hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes) – 7.1%, Blackbird (Turdus merula) – 5.4%. 42 species of birds were observed to feed on black elderberry. More than half (51.2%) of the species composition of birds feeding on fruit and berry plants were migratory birds. Consequently, juicy berries are an important food during bird migrations.

МИРОВОЕ ПРОИЗВОДСТВО И МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ТОРГОВЛЯ ПЛОДОВО-ЯГОДНОЙ ПРОДУКЦИЕЙ

Horticulture is an important branch of agriculture with particular importance in some countries of the world. The production of fruits, berries and nuts is an important part of forming a high-grade food supply for the population in many countries, including the developing ones. Basing on the statistical data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN), the authors examined the change in the production volume of these products in the world as a whole for 1961-2018, as well as for the period 1992-2018 in some countries - twenty largest producers in 2018; and a number of trends were identified. In particular, it was noted that in 2018 the global gross harvest of fruits and berries increased by 4.34 times compared to 1961, while that of nuts - by 7.04 times. A deeper analysis in the context of states, which are the main producers of fruits, berries and nuts, carried out for 1922-2018, indicates that there is a change in the positions of these countries in the corresponding world ranking. The quantitative and qualitative changes we observe inevitably have a significant impact both on the volume of the world market in terms of production, and, consequently, the supply of fruit and berry products, and on the parameters of international trade in fruits, berries and nuts. Due to the fact that the Russian Federation is not among the countries - largest producers of fruit and berry products (in 2018 it was the 31st in the global rating for fruits and berries, and the 52nd for nuts), it occupies a very significant position in the world on its imports, especially on some of them. In connection with the policy of import substitution, deployed in response to sanctions from a number of Western states, some positive changes are also observed in the Russian gardening industry. However, imports in the resources of fruits and berries still amounted to 53.6% in 2018. Naturally, many types of fruit and berry products are economically inexpedient to cultivate on an industrial scale in the natural and climatic conditions of our country, but it is necessary to carry out scientifically grounded and systematic work to increase the production of relatively traditional for Russia fruit and berry plants in the large-scale commodity sector.

Plant breeding evaluation of the red currant cultivar ‘Podarok Pobeditelyam’ and its inbred progeny

Background. Inbreeding, as a way to produce progenies from organisms in different degrees of kinship, is an important genetic and breeding technique used to improve various crops, including fruit and berry plants. Inbreeding has not been extensively used with red currant, so a study of the possibility to employ closely related crosses in breeding practice with this crop remains relevant. The purpose of this study was to assess the breeding potential of the red currant cultivar ‘Podarok Pobeditelyam’ by disclosing economic and biological characteristics in its inbred progeny.Methods and materials. The research was carried out at the red currant breeding site of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK, Orel) in 2016–2018. The seedlings obtained from the self-pollination of a new red currant cultivar, ‘Podarok Pobeditelyam’, were the objects of the study. Records and observations were carried out according to the program and methodology for breeding and variety studies of fruit, berry and nut crops.Results and conclusion. The percentage of long-cluster seedlings (cluster length > 10 cm) in the inbred progeny of cv. ‘Podarok Pobeditelyam’ was 21.8%; segregation of large-fruited seedlings (berry weight > 0.65 g) was observed at the level of 17%; the maximum degree of transgression (Tsmax) was 42%; and the incidence of transgressive seedlings was 37%. The analysis of the progeny showed that cv. ‘Podarok Pobeditelyam’ is a homozygote for the dominant Rc gene that controls the red color of the berries, and displays donor properties for the trait “dry detachment of berries”. The study of the cultivar’s self-pollinated progeny did not reveal any inbreeding depression in F1 seedlings from closely related crosses as far as plant condition or productivity is concerned. The selected seedlings are of interest for further variety research and use in breeding practice as new source material.