University Of Berlin Research Articles

The impact of burnout on nurses' work satisfaction

Abstract Background The public health is a “big” employer, it employs approximately 10 % of all workers in the whole European Union, but it suffers from a lack of workers. Approximately 2,500 nurses are lacking in these days in the CR. If the lack will continue to increase, this reality will threaten the functioning of the whole healthcare system. The increasing of a work satisfaction and motivation becomes one of the important factors of nurses' stabilisation. Nevertheless, work dissatisfaction and low motivation is not the only element which can increase the fluctuation. Psychosocial risks (e.g. burnout) which 40 % of nurses in the CR suffer from, can be a problem as well. Methods A cross-sectional design is used in the survey. A principle of the survey was to find out how the burnout syndrome influences a list of factors of work dissatisfaction and motivation. Two questionnaires were used. The first questionnaire contained the list of factors of work environment, and it was created according to Herzberg motivation theory. The second one was Maslach Burnout Inventory. A survey was conducted in 2018, 462 nurses participated in the survey. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric test and Euclidean distance model was used for data processing. Results The survey revealed that burnout effect affects the subjectively perceived order of factors of work environment. The nurses, who do not suffer from burnout effect, prioritize direct patient care on their ranking of work value system. On the other hand, the nurses, who do suffer from burnout, consider a salary as the most important factor. Conclusions Healthcare providers' management should not only seek to increase work satisfaction or motivation on their own. Work satisfaction and low fluctuation can be achieved only through the comprehensive impact on the entire work environment. Key messages Job satisfaction and motivation are closely related to psychosocial risks. Reducing these risks will ensure job satisfaction. Panelists: Dimitra Panteli Department of Health Care Management, Berlin University of Technology, Berlin, Germany Contact: dimitra.panteli@tu-berlin.de Erin Webb Department of Health Care Management, Berlin University of Technology, Berlin, Germany Contact: e.webb@tu-berlin.de Erica Richardson European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, London, UK Contact: erica.richardson@lshtm.ac.uk Sabine Vogler WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement Policies, Vienna, Austria Contact: Sabine.Vogler@goeg.at

Editorial introductions

Editorial introductions

816 - Johannes P. Müller (1801-1858), Professor of Anatomy and Physiology of the University of Berlin, and his research on the nerves of the erectile male genitals

816 - Johannes P. Müller (1801-1858), Professor of Anatomy and Physiology of the University of Berlin, and his research on the nerves of the erectile male genitals

Freely and openly

In the autumn of 1990, I took a month off between the end of my postdoc at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science in Sagamihara, Japan, and the start of my next job at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. During that sojourn I visited the Institute of Astronomy at Cambridge University, where I had done my PhD.Among the new people I met there was Ian Stevens, who coincidentally had just finished a postdoc at Goddard. I no longer remember the circumstances of our encounter. Most likely it was during the 11:00am coffee break, when almost all of the institute’s members gather in the library to converse over freshly brewed coffee. However, I can’t forget the outcome. Stevens and I decided to work together. Our paper, “An x-ray excited wind in Centaurus X-3,” appeared just over two years later.11. C. S. R. Day, I. R. Stevens, Astrophys. J. 403, 322 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1086/172205Collaboration pervades scientific research. Of the 150 or so news stories I’ve written for Physics Today’s Search and Discovery department, just one was about a paper by a single author, Rodney Baxter (“Order parameter of the chiral Potts model succumbs at last to exact solution,” November 2005, page 19). Sometimes the work I reported on resulted from a collaboration among the members of a single group. Other times it resulted from a collaboration between groups.One of my favorite examples of intergroup collaboration is the first observation of the quantum spin Hall effect (QSHE) in a heterostructure made of a layer of mercury telluride of just the right thickness sandwiched between layers of mercury cadmium telluride (see Physics Today, January 2008, page 19).The intricate setting has an interesting back story. Condensed-matter theorists began investigating the QSHE in the early 2000s. It arises when an insulator’s band structure includes two spin-polarized edge states. Because of the states’ topology, the corresponding edge currents flow without dissipation. The QSHE is not only interesting; it also has potential applications. The effect proved difficult to measure. It was too puny in the first prospective material, graphene. A proposal to realize it in a mechanically strained semiconductor was experimentally infeasible.A hint of a way forward arrived when one of the theorists who elucidated the QSHE, Shoucheng Zhang of Stanford University, met one of the experimenters who eventually observed it, Laurens Molenkamp of the University of Würzburg, at a conference in South Korea. Molenkamp told Zhang about the narrow-bandgap semiconductor, HgTe. Spin-orbit coupling is so strong in HgTe that it splits the valence band and raises the higher of the split bands above what would otherwise be the conduction band. Could band inversion be a way to create the QSHE? the experimenter asked the theorist. When they met again a year later in Singapore, they agreed to collaborate.A crucial step was taken from a general search for the QSHE in HgTe to a specific one in a heterostructure of HgCdTe/HgTe/HgCdTe when Molenkamp gave Zhang an electronic copy of the doctoral thesis of Alexander Pfeuffer-Jeschke. In 2000 Pfeuffer-Jeschke had calculated the threshold thickness below which the bandgap of the HgTe layer becomes zero and then becomes positive under the increasingly strong influence of the HgCdTe layers. He wrote his thesis in German, a language that Zhang had acquired as an undergraduate at the Free University of Berlin. Zhang read the thesis on the flight back from Singapore.The story of the discovery of the QSHE is not only one of collaboration. It’s also one of the free movement of people and ideas between countries. Molenkamp works in Germany and is from the Netherlands. The experiment that he and his collaborators carried out was sketched out in a Science paper22. B. A. Bernevig, T. L. Hughes, S.-C. Zhang, Science 314, 1757 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1133734 written by Zhang and two of his then students, B. Andrei Bernevig, who is from Romania, and Taylor Hughes, who is from the US. Zhang grew up in Shanghai.I asked Molenkamp to fact-check the first draft of this editorial. His emailed reply closed with the observation that physics has been an international undertaking for a century. “There is just a rather limited number of professionals in the field,” he wrote. “And you really only get things done when you exchange ideas. Freely and openly. And respecting scientific discourse.”ReferencesSection:ChooseTop of pageReferences <<CITING ARTICLES1. C. S. R. Day, I. R. Stevens, Astrophys. J. 403, 322 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1086/172205, Google ScholarCrossref2. B. A. Bernevig, T. L. Hughes, S.-C. Zhang, Science 314, 1757 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1133734, Google ScholarCrossref© 2020 American Institute of Physics.

아돌프 폰 하르낙(Adolf von Harnack)의 복음과 문화와의 관계에 대한 비판적 고찰

According to Claude Welch, the theme “Christianity and Culture” appeared throughout the 19th century, but more markedly at the end of the century to be blended into Kulturprotestantismus, which attempted to justify Christianity in a modern society. At this time, Adolf von Harnack(1851-1930) worked vigorously, discussing the relation between Gospel and culture by exploring the core of Christian Gospel.<BR> Being focused on What Is Chrsitianity?(Das Wesen des Christentums) published in 1900 from his lectures at Berlin University in 1899-1900. this paper makes an attempt to analyze Harnack’s position on the relation between Gospel and culture, and to give a critical review of it. For Harnack, there are both distinction and connection between Gospel and culture. The former is a kernel as an essential content, whereas the latter is a husk as a historial form or mode. And Gospel and culture work together with each other at each period of history. While culture is concerned with the external side, Gospel is concerned with the internal side to seek the inner transformation of humans. And Gospel is related to God the Father, but not directly to Jesus Christ or the Holy Spirit.<BR> Though Harnack’s position might have been positive in his times, his reductionistic and essentialistic understanding of Gospel may cause an ignorance or indifference of diverse interactions between Gospel and culture. And it may cause an individualistic and inner escape or complacency, which may also disregard a complex approach to culture. And Harnack’s argument of the Hellenization of Christianity may not be persuasive any longer in terms of several critiques of it today.<BR> One of the implications of the critical examination in this paper is that the distinction and interaction between Gospel and culture are important, but that what is more important is how to understand the particular content of Gospel. Only then we may secure the relation between both more fully.

Richard FOLKMAN - Chairman of the German society of surgeons, Director of the University surgical clinic in Halle&#x0D; (to the 190th of birthday)

Richard Folkman was born in 1830 in Leipzig in family of the privatdozent of the local university. Richard Folkman studied medicine at Gallet and Gissen's universities, in 1854 graduated from medical faculty of the Berlin university. In 1854 Folkman defended the dissertation then he works as the assistant, the privatdozent, extraordinary professor in surgical clinic of professor Blazius at Halle University. He participates in the German military campaigns 1865-1866 and 1870-1871 of. During the French-German war works as the chief physician in the 4th army body, is later in the Maas and Southern army. In 1866 receives the invitation to management of surgery of Halle University of department. From 1867 to 1885 Folkman ordinary professor of surgery and the director of university surgical clinic in Halle. From 70th years he begins to publish a series of monographs devoted to internal diseases, surgery and gynecology "A collection of clinical reports", since 1880 becomes the coeditor of the surgical edition "Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie". One of the main merits of Richard Folkman is broad promoting of a method of antiseptics. Folkman made extremely important contribution to increase in efficiency of treatment of the patients by use of an occlusive bandage in the conditions of wartime developed by it wire T-shaped immobilized tires, ways of treatment of bone changes by an extension method. It described several forms of bone tuberculosis. In 1872 Richard Folkman with colleagues created the German society of surgeons which chairman he was since 1885. In 1885 Folkman was awarded a noble rank. The name of Folkman is born by the contracture described by it, a number of surgeries, devices and tools. In 1889 Richard Folkman died.

Same but Different: The Floating University Berlin (FUB) and the Making of Another University

While architecture has surfaced in recent years as a key resource in shaping the entrepreneurial university both programmatically and aesthetically, the Floating University Berlin has taken architectural design as the starting point for developing a temporary space for creating and reflecting upon the future of urban societies and the role universities might play therein. In its unfolding the FUB resonates with some of the processes of neoliberal city and campus development, and at the same time turns these into potentialities for overcoming the imagination of the entrepreneurial university. The article shows how the exploration of potentialities within existing spaces and discourses might be understood as one way of resisting and transforming them. It points to potential roles that architecture could play in enacting this form of affirmative critique and presents five tactics of making space for another university.

Das Odeion im Artemision von Ephesos

Das Odeion im Artemision von Ephesos

Validation of the analytical performance of the NOVEOS™ System, a system which improves upon the third-generation in vitro allergy testing technology.

Objectives Detection of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) is important for the diagnosis of allergy. IgE sensitization is commonly demonstrated in vivo by skin prick testing (SPT), or in vitro utilizing automated systems. Recently, HYCOR® Biomedical launched its new system for allergen sIgE testing called the NOVEOS™ Immunoanalyzer. This study aims to evaluate the analytical performance of the NOVEOS system in a bi-center study at Philipps-University Marburg (Site-1) and Charité Medical University Berlin (Site-2), respectively. Methods The analytical performance was evaluated based on the guidelines I/LA20-A3, EP5-A3, EP17-A2, EP6-A, EP7-A3, and EP9-A3 of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results The conducted repeatability and within-laboratory precision tests provided acceptable performance with 3.0%-11.9% coefficient of variation across both sites. The limit of blank (LoB) and limit of detection (LoD) were <0.1 kU/L at both centers. A within-parameter linearity for all tested allergens was reported at both sites. Of note, no significant interference was observed for high levels of biotin, methylprednisolone, diphenhydramine, omalizumab, or ranitidine. Method comparison between the NOVEOS calibration and the latest World Health Organization (WHO) reference standard showed good agreement at both sites. Conclusions The results from the analytical performance of the NOVEOS allergen sIgE assay and instrument testing at both sites were comparable. Overall, a good precision and linearity as well as a detection limit <0.1 kU/L were observed, with minimal impact of common interfering substances on patient recoveries. The NOVEOS is calibrated to the latest WHO reference standard and adds benefits like a small sample size and para-magnetic microparticles that improve upon third-generation allergen sIgE assays' design and performance.

Richard von Mises’ work for ZAMM until his emigration in 1933 and glimpses of the later history of ZAMM

Richard von Mises’ work for ZAMM until his emigration in 1933 and glimpses of the later history of ZAMM

Between Europe and America

Werner Sollors is one of the first scholars of American literature to focus on African American literature before it was thought to constitute a canon in the academy. Unlike many other scholars who shared his focus, he completed his education in postwar Germany. The title of his doctoral dissertation on LeRoi Jones (Amiri Baraka), completed at the Free University of Berlin in 1975, has a still-contemporary ring: “The Quest for a ‘Populist Modernism.’” He taught at Columbia University, received a Guggenheim fellowship, and spent the bulk of his career in the United States. In this interview he discusses his intellectual formation and offers reflections on the development of his field, the evolving institutional culture of the university, and 1970s-era multiculturalism.

The Role of the Outstanding Professor Leopold Kasper in the Development of European Clinical Urology of the Second Half of the XIX and Early XX Centuries (to the 160th anniversary of his birth)

The development and scientific priorities of European urology of the second half of the XIX and early XX centuries are analyzed. The main dates of life and scientific and practical activity of Prof. Leopold Kasper are presented. The scientific views and thoughts of the scientist are noted. He specialized in urology under the leadership of G. Thompson, P. Freyer, F. Guyon, I. Albarran and L. Dittel after graduating from the University of Berlin in 1883. L. Kasper was the founder of a large German urological school. In addition, he is the author of many works, among which research on cystoscopy, endoscopic operations, functional diagnosis of kidneys diseases, treatment of renal tuberculosis and kidney stone disease, prostate diseases, transurethral galvanocaustics of bladder tumors, etc. are particularly distinguished. He constructed a special catheterization cystoscope (1895) through which for the first time it became possible to study the functional ability of each kidney individually, which greatly facilitated the recognition and treatment of surgical diseases of the kidneys and upper urinary tract. He improved and put into practice a functional renal test with floridzine and cryoscopic urine examination obtained from each kidney separately by catheterization of the ureters. It is noted that L. Kasper was one of the founders of the Society of German urologists, whose founding meeting was held in 1907 in Vienna. In the same year, L. Kasper, together with other prominent surgeons and urologists, founded the journal «Zeitschrift für Urologie», of which he was editor for decades. L. Kasper was an honorary member of nineteen scientific societies, including the Society of Moscow urologists, of which he was elected an honorary member in 1924.

Equal emphasis on “research” and “representation”: A new analysis of Ranke’s debut work

Although Leopold von Ranke’s debut work Geschichten der romanischen und germanischen Völker von 1494 bis 1535 (History of the Latin and Teutonic Nations [1494–1535]) was not fully mature, it allowed him to obtain a teaching position at the University of Berlin, thus marking the commencement of the Rankean era in modern German historiography. Later generations produced a host of commentaries on this classic work, focusing particularly on the line “wie es eigentlich gewesen” in the preface to the first edition, as well as the appendix Zur Kritik neuerer Geschichtsschreiber (In Criticism of Modern Historians). In referring to Ranke’s essay in response to Heinrich Leo, we find that the preface to the first edition exhibits an “invisible” tripartite structure composed of “purpose,” “research,” and “representation”; regarding the question of whether greater emphasis should be laid on “research” or “representation,” Ranke argued for an equal emphasis on “research” and “representation.” In examining the reasons why Ranke held this view, first, it was associated with the system of “research” of the contemporary period; and second, it was related to Ranke’s grand aspirations to revive classical history-writing. The existing studies cling to one side or another, while failing to take note of the fact that Ranke’s views, as described above, were objectively favorable to emphasizing the importance of “research” in historiography.

Building Operations & an Almost Self–Operating University

This paper combines two reports: the first on the building of the Architectural Faculty at the Technical University in Berlin, and the second, on the HafenCity University in Hamburg. An account of the interrelations between a building’s maintenance by caretakers then with a Facility’s Management system and the usage of the buildings; including the effects of these interdependence on teaching and studying, offers a critique of the way in way which a neoliberal audit culture has affect building operations.

The distributional effects of early school stratification - non-parametric evidence from Germany

Whether early school stratification is conducive or detrimental to scholastic performance has been subject to controversial debates in educational policy and science across many countries. We exploit a reform in Lower Saxony, Germany, where performance based tracking was preponed from grade 7 to grade 5 in 2004, i.e. with the completion of primary school. In particular, we measure the long-run effects of this reform on PISA achievement test scores based on a difference-in-differences setup. In order to disentangle average from distributional achievement effects, we complementarily rely on a changes-in-changes framework. Our results indicate that preponed school tracking increases test scores in the upper tail of the skill distribution and lowers test scores in the lower tail of the skill distribution, compensating each other on average.11This study does not represent a comprehensive evaluation of the exploited reform in Lower Saxony in 2004. We are grateful for the data provided by the Research Data Center (FDZ) at the Institute for Educational Quality Improvement (IQB) associated with the Humboldt University of Berlin. Marcus Roller acknowledges financial support by the WWZ Förderverein. We are grateful for valuable inputs from Blaise Melly and two anonymous referees. In addition, we thank the participants of the EEA Annual Congress 2017, the SSES Annual Congress 2017, the Spring Meeting of Young Economists 2018 and seminar participants at the Universities of Basel and Tübingen. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

Dimitrios Mavrokordatos Disproving the Hemostatic Myth of Aqua Binelli.

"Aqua Binelli" or "Aqua Balsamica Arterialis" was a hemostatic compound invented by the Italian Fedele Binelli in 1797. Its hemostatic properties were viewed as the solution to treating hemorrhage in cases of wounds and surgical operations. Those who opposed the compound were persuaded of its total lack of effectiveness, supporting the view that hemostasis could be achieved by exerting pressure on, stitching, and ligating a vessel. The publications of Karl Ferdinand von Gräfe, Professor at the University of Berlin and fervent advocate of Aqua Binelli, helped spread the use of the compound in Europe. In 1832, however, one of his students, a young Greek named Dimitrios Mavrokordatos, who became the first Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in the newly established University of Athens in 1837, published in Würzburg his dissertation titled Observations on the Potency of Aqua Binelli (Weitere Nachrichten über das Binellische Wasser), where a completely different picture emerged relating to those applications of the compound that von Gräfe considered successful. The case of Mavrokordatos' dissertation was a typical 19th-century scientific controversy between a young student and his teacher who enjoyed the support of his associates. Eventually, the myth of the hemostatic activity of Aqua Binelli was debunked.

Playing with Virtual Realities: Navigating Immersion within Diverse Environments (Artist-Led Perspective)

Dealing with the intermedial performative practice of dancing with VR technology, in this account I frame the creative media of VR technology and bodily performance as epistemological media, in which we can be immersed but also develop reflective awareness to the processes of leading visions and movements. The account follows the interdisciplinary and intermedial practice-based research experiment ‘Playing with Virtual Realties’ (gamelab.berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin). The project brought together two dancers, a philosopher/choreographer, two theatre scholars/dramaturges, two computer scientists/gamers, and two media experience designers to co-explore how the embodied practice of dancing can interact with HTC Vive, a virtual reality headset developed by HTC and Valve Corporation. At the outset, the experience of moving within VR technology interrupts the perceptual processes in dance, and throws embodied thinkers into a dualist – Cartesian – state of mind, in which visions, actions, and thoughts are disconnected from the sensual body. This account reports how we faced the challenges of navigating immersive experience between diverse environments, and our methods for developing a movement practice in mixed realities. I demonstrate how, by using cross over methods from media experience design and choreography, we composed a physical performance in which the dancers learned to assimilate awareness to the actual space, to their dancing partner, and to the audience, while negotiating their immersive experience within the virtual environment.For performance trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g9Un6TDYyE4.For research trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YcGdKuUhMf4.

The History of the German Association for Crystal Growth

The History of the German Association for Crystal Growth

“The joy that engineers and mathematicians have come together.”1

“The joy that engineers and mathematicians have come together.”¹

Mouse neurogenous zone doubles during puberty

![Graphic][1] Puberty is often accompanied by making dumb decisions. Yet, despite its reputation, Michael Brecht and colleagues from Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany, recently discovered that the awkward period of adolescence coincided with parts of the brain getting bigger in rats ([