Benzenesulfonic Acid Sodium Salt Research Articles

Morphology-controlled synthesis of BaWO 4 nanocrystals via a surfactant-assisted method

BaWO 4 nanocrystals with various morphologies have been successfully synthesized via a surfactant-assisted method. The products were characterized by the techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and anionic surfactant dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt (DBSS) had important influence on the formation of the BaWO 4 particles and could lead to different morphologies of the resultant of BaWO 4 crystallines. Two different crystal growth mechanisms, the aggregation process and Ostwald ripening process, were held responsible for the formation of the BaWO 4 nanostructures.

Mechanism of bleaching by peroxides: Part 6. Kinetics of the peroxide bleaching of methyl orange catalysed by MoO 42− and WO 42− at pH 10

The kinetics of bleaching of the azo dye methyl orange (4-[[(4-dimethylamino)phenyl]-azo]benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt) by hydrogen peroxide both alone and catalysed by [MoO 4] 2− and [WO 4] 2− have been studied at 25 °C at pH 10. The effects of adding the sequestrant CIX (diethylenetriamine pentakis-methylenephosphonic acid), free radical and singlet oxygen traps were investigated. It was established that two parallel catalytic pathways were involved: bleaching by peroxomolybdate or peroxotungstate species and oxidation by singlet oxygen, the latter being generated by peroxo species.

The Influence of Temperature, Pressure, Salinity, and Surfactant Concentration on the Interfacial Tension of the N-Octane-Water System

ABSTRACT An elaborate experimental study was conducted for the determination of the interfacial tension (IFT) values for a n-octane/water system for a wide range of experimental conditions of temperatures, pressures, and salt concentrations that exist in a natural oil reservoir. Three different surfactants were used in the analysis: dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. The measured IFT values were correlated linearly to pressure (P), temperature (T), and salt concentration (CB) in the aqueous phase. There was an almost 20-fold reduction noticed in the IFT values with the addition of surfactants. This behavior was best related by an exponential pexpression in terms of the surfactant concentration (CS) as given below: The experimental data for the three surfactants can be represented independently by the above correlation. The absolute average percentage error was always less than 7% for the different data sets considered.

2,4‐Bis(octadecanoylamino)benzenesulfonic Acid Sodium Salt as a Novel Scavenger Receptor Inhibitor with Low Molecular Weight.

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

2,4-Bis(octadecanoylamino)benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt as a novel scavenger receptor inhibitor with low molecular weight

In order to investigate the effect of the fixation of the orientations of the two long chains, three types of novel derivatives of scavenger receptor inhibitor 1 were synthesized, and their biological activities were evaluated. Among the novel derivatives, 2,4-bis(octadecanoylamino)benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt ( 4d) showed the most potent inhibitory activity against the incorporation of 1,1 ′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3 ′,3 ′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate-labeled acetyl-LDL (DiI-acetyl-LDL) into macrophages. 2,5-Bis(octadecanoylamino)benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt ( 4c), a regioisomer of 4d, did not exhibit as potent an inhibitory activity as 4d, meaning that the substitution pattern of two long chains on the benzene ring must be important. Compound 4d exhibited 10 times more potent inhibitory activity against the binding of 125I-labeled acetyl-LDL to the surface of macrophages than compound 1.

Synthesis of methyl orange using ionic liquids

Two ionic liquids were synthesized, each system consisting of the 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium ion ([hmim] +) as the cation and either hexafluorophosphate ([PF 6] −), or perchlorate ([ClO 4] −) as the anions. This study involves the synthesis of methyl orange (4-[[(4-dimethylamino)phenyl]-azo] benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt) using the ionic liquids as replacement solvents for the reaction. The advantage of using ionic liquids as substitutes for organic solvents includes: recyclable/reclaimable solvents, stabilization of intermediates and higher product yields. The 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium derivatives can be used for syntheses conducted at low temperatures and are less toxic than typical organic solvents.

STUDYING THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AN ARABIAN HEAVY CRUDE OIL AND ALKALINE SOLUTIONS

ABSTRACT An experimental study to examine the effectiveness of alkaline flooding for the recovery of an Arabian heavy crude oil is presented. The interfacial tension (IFT) behavior of crude oil/alkali systems over a wide range of parameters (pressure, temperature, alkali concentration and time) was studied. These alkaline reagents react with the acidic species in crude oil to form surface-active soaps in-situ. This leads to a lowering of interfacial tension (IFT) and subsequently the mobilization of residual oil. The equilibrium IFTs obtained through alkaline flooding are compared with the IFTs when a synthetic surfactant (dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt) is used in EOR recovery. A mathematical model representing the complete chemistry of the transient process is also presented. The model consists of a set of differential equations describing reactions, diffusion, and adsorption at the oil/alkaline solution interface. The kinetic parameters in the model are obtained through a differential algebraic optimization technique. The concentration of the surface active species are related to the measured IFTs through an independent step that is based on isolating the surface active species formed by the reaction between the acids in the crude oil and the alkaline solution. A sensitivity analysis using the model is carried out to study the effect of surface potential and alkaline concentration on the transient interfacial tensions.

Application of Fenton-Based Reactions for Treating Dye Wastewaters: Stability of Sulfonated Azo Dyes in the Presence of Iron(III)

Fenton- and photo-assisted Fenton advanced oxidation processes generate reactive oxygen species from hydrogen peroxide and are candidates for the remediation of dye wastewaters. The purpose of this study was to investigate interactions of iron (III) with hydroxyazo dyes. The o-hydroxyazo dyes Acid Orange 7 (AO7; 4-[(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)azo]benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt) and Acid Orange 10 (AO10; 7-hydroxy-8-(phenylazo)naphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid disodium salt) represent dyes allegedly able to chelate FeIII through the chromophore. The p-hydroxyazo dye Acid Orange 20 (AO20; 4-[(4-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)azo]benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt) represents an analogous structure that is unable to chelate FeIII due to the position of the OH group. Reactions were carried out at pH 2 – 3 in perchlorate or chloride media in the absence of peroxide. No evidence was found by UV/VIS spectroscopy for complexation of FeIII by the o-hydroxyazo chromophore. Instead, FeIII apparently coordinated or formed an ion pair with the sulfonate group, and, when only one sulfonate group was present (i.e., AO7), the dye formed a co-precipitate with iron(III) hydrous oxides and perchlorate ion. Dye precipitation was seeded by colloidal iron hydrolysis product nuclei. By contrast, the p-hydroxyazo dye (AO20) was rapidly oxidized by iron(III). The net Fe2+/oxidized AO20 ratio was 2 : 1, and a minor yield of 1,4-naphthoquinone was obtained. The major initial oxidation product, which was not identified, formed a reversible complex with Fe2+. Results of this study indicate that the effectiveness of Fenton-based methods for treating certain azo dyes that form insoluble ferric salts may be compromised by removal of the catalyst from solution. However, the degradation of certain other azo dyes might be assisted by direct thermal oxidation by iron(III).

Development of an in situ soil binding agent

This paper describes the use of water glass and calcium chloride as a complex base binding agent for in situ soil stabilization. Four kinds of dust samples were used as the penetration and silicification mediums. Three surfactants were used as the penetration aiding agents and individually added to the solutions of water glass and calcium chloride for increasing their penetration ability. The test results show that the suitable concentration of the penetration aiding agents is about 0.3%, if the solutions are applied to wetting dust. The penetration ability of the solutions in the dust samples increases by 24–47%. The surface tension of the solutions after individually adding the penetration aiding agents can be effectively reduced, but it has no strict relationship with the penetration ability of the solutions. To increase the penetration depth in the dust samples in a shorter time, water glass solution should penetrate first and then calcium chloride solution. The penetration aiding agents can greatly improve the penetration ability of the base binding agent solutions in the dust samples with poor wetting property. However, the penetration ability also depends on other physical and chemical properties of the dust samples. Using the penetration aiding agent, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, with 0.3% concentration, the penetration time of water glass and calcium chloride solutions with 5, 15 and 25% concentrations can reduce by 29, 46 and 62%, respectively.

The adsorption and corrosion inhibition of anion surfactants on aluminium surface in hydrochloric acid

The adsorption and corrosion inhibition of the anion surfactants such as Dodecyl Sulphonic Acid Sodium Salt (DSASS), Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt (DBSASS) and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) on the aluminium surface in hydrochloric acid solution was studied using the weight loss method. It was found that the adsorption of surfactants could prevent aluminum from weight loss and the adsorption accorded with Langmuir equation. The thermodynamic parameters such as adsorption heat, adsorption entropy and adsorption free energy were calculated and the changes of the contact angles of aluminum sheets with and without surfactants were determined. According to the above mentioned experimental results, the relations between the adsorption and corrosion inhibition of the anion surfactants on aluminium surface were discussed.

Formation of thermally stable polypyrrole-naphthalene/benzene sulfonate-carbon fiber composites by an electrochemical process

High volume fraction of polypyrrole coatings doped with aromatic naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid disodium salt (NDSDNa) and benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt (BzSNa), respectively, have been formed on carbon fibers. Polypyrrole coatings as high as 390% (∼80% by weight) was formed on carbon fibers after about 45 min of electropolymerization. Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), of the coatings confirmed that the resulting polypyrrole coatings were doped with benzene sulfonate and naphthalene disulfonate ions, respectively. Thermal analysis shows char retention of the polypyrrole coatings to be ≥65%, indicating that the electropolymerized polypyrrole coatings have excellent thermal stability and are good candidates for use in carbon–carbon composites.

Effect of Binary Surfactant Mixtures on the Stability of Asphalt Emulsions

The interfacial tension (IFT) of different asphalt components (aromatics, waxes, resins and asphaltenes) as 10% solutions in kerosene against different surfactant solution systems has been measured. The data revealed that both asphaltenes and waxes increased the IFT while aromatics and resins decreased it. The former two components are believed to destabilize asphalt emulsions, on the other hand, the latter two components facilitate asphalt emulsion formation and stability. A correlation between the rheological properties of the prepared asphalt emulsions by different binary and single surfactants mixtures and the stability of the emulsion was investigated. The flow curves of the different emulsion formulations clarified that the rheograms were found to attain plastic properties. The yield values, τB and plastic, and apparent viscosities, ξpl and ξapp respectively, were determined from these plots. The results showed that the enhancement of the rheological properties of the asphalt emulsions using different binary surfactant systems were in the following order: dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt (DDBS-Na)/decyl phenol ethoxylate e.o.= 15 (DPE-15)>1,1′ (lauryl amido)-propyl ammonium chloride (LAPAC)/DPE-15>DPE-15>DDBS-Na>LAPAC. On the other hand, the order of emulsion stability is as follows: LAPAC>DDBS-Na/DPE-15>DPE-15>DDBS-Na. The effect of the aqueous phase salinity up to 5% NaCl concentration on the stability of asphalt emulsions stabilized by different surfactant solutions systems is discussed. © 1997 SCI.

Effect of Binary Surfactant Mixtures on the Stability of Asphalt Emulsions

The interfacial tension (IFT) of different asphalt components (aromatics, waxes, resins and asphaltenes) as 10% solutions in kerosene against different surfactant solution systems has been measured. The data revealed that both asphaltenes and waxes increased the IFT while aromatics and resins decreased it. The former two components are believed to destabilize asphalt emulsions, on the other hand, the latter two components facilitate asphalt emulsion formation and stability. A correlation between the rheological properties of the prepared asphalt emulsions by different binary and single surfactants mixtures and the stability of the emulsion was investigated. The flow curves of the different emulsion formulations clarified that the rheograms were found to attain plastic properties. The yield values, τB and plastic, and apparent viscosities, ξpl and ξapp respectively, were determined from these plots. The results showed that the enhancement of the rheological properties of the asphalt emulsions using different binary surfactant systems were in the following order: dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt (DDBS-Na)/decyl phenol ethoxylate e.o.= 15 (DPE-15)>1,1′ (lauryl amido)-propyl ammonium chloride (LAPAC)/DPE-15>DPE-15>DDBS-Na>LAPAC. On the other hand, the order of emulsion stability is as follows: LAPAC>DDBS-Na/DPE-15>DPE-15>DDBS-Na. The effect of the aqueous phase salinity up to 5% NaCl concentration on the stability of asphalt emulsions stabilized by different surfactant solutions systems is discussed. © 1997 SCI.

Formation of polypyrrole coatings on stainless steel in aqueous benzene sulfonate solution

Polypyrrole coatings with varying surface morphology have been formed on a stainless steel working electrode using benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt as the electrolyte. The morphology of the coatings varied with the current density. The amount of polypyrrole formed during electropolymerization increased with current density and monomer concentration, but was unaffected by increased electrolyte concentration. The electropolymerization potential of pyrrole increased with increased current density but the current efficiency remained relatively unchanged at 99–105%. The rate of electropolymerization of pyrrole onto stainless steel increased slightly with increased monomer concentration. The electropolymerization potential decreased with increased monomer and electrolyte concentration.

Third-derivative spectrophotometric determination of neodymium and erbium in mixed rare earths with 2-(diphenylacetyl)indan-1,3-dione and dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt

The absorption spectra of 4f electron transitions of neodymium and erbium complexes with 2-(diphenylacetyl)indan-1,3-dione and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt have been studied by normal and derivative spectrophotometry. The use of third-derivative spectra both eliminates the interference from other REEs and enhances the sensitivity for neodymium and erbium. Beer's law is obeyed for ⩽21.6 µg cm–3 of neodymium and ⩽25.1 µg cm–3 of erbium. The detection limits (with a signal-to-noise ratio of 2) are 0.28 and 0.77 µg cm–3 for neodymium and erbium, respectively. A method for the direct determination of neodymium and erbium in mixed REEs and lanthanide–based samples with good accuracy and selectivity is described.