Bent Arm Hang Research Articles

Differences in the Anthropological Status of Young Football Players in Relation to the Chronological age within one Calendar Year

The aim of this research is to determine whether there are statistically significant differences in the anthropological status of young football players in relation to chronological age within one calendar year. The sample consisted of a total of 50 male respondents, Technical School “Mihajlo Pupin” students from the municipality of Indjija. The sample was divided into two subsamples according to chronological age (born by June 30, 2005; born July 1, 2005 and later). The students are also members of the football club in which they train. By examining the morphological characteristics, data were obtained in the following variables: body height, body mass and body mass index. Static and explosive power testing data were obtained in the following variables: standing long jump, bent arm hang and running 30 meters. It was concluded that there are no statistically significant differences between young football players of different chronological ages in anthropological status. No differences were found in the total space of tested and measured variables (MANOVA) nor in the individual space (ANOVA). The research included two anthropological spaces, morphological and motor, and none of them showed differences between young football players of different chronological ages. Out of a total of six measured and tested variables, the only variable that was on the border of the difference between the groups was running 30 meters, which may indicate that different explosive power of the lower extremities between the two tested groups, in this case, in favor of the younger group.

Development of Strength Abilities Using Play Techniques with Elements of Martial Arts at the Sports and Recreational Stage in 10-Year-Old Girls

The objective of the study was to examine the level of strength fitness indicators of 10-year-old girls and experimentally test the effectiveness of the impact of play techniques with elements of martial arts on the dynamics of strength development. Materials and methods. The study participants were 20 10-year-old girls who do Kyokushin Karate. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The following research methods were used to achieve the objective set: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing, and methods of mathematical statistics for processing research results. Results. There were the biggest changes in the results of the tests “Lying pull-ups” by 51.1% (p < 0.05), “Push-ups” by 34.1% (p <0.05), and “Bent arm hang” by 26.5% (p < 0.05). Somewhat smaller changes were observed in the tests “Right hand grip test” by 10.8% (p < 0.05), “Left hand grip test” by 10.5% (p <0.05), and “Sit-ups in 1 min” by 13.3% (p < 0.05). The lowest increase in the results was observed in the test “Triple jump on the right and left leg” by 6.6% (p < 0.05). Conclusions. The level of the girls’ strength fitness at the initial stage of the pedagogical experiment conforms to age norms. Most of them are at the average – 40% and above average – 23.6% levels. The remainder of indicators was distributed between the high – 13.6%, below average – 14.3%, and low – 8.6% levels. A comprehensive control of the 10-year-old girls’ strength fitness after the formative experiment showed statistically significant changes in almost all indicators in the experimental group, which used play techniques with elements of martial arts in the following load mode: 5 games, 2 repetitions with rest intervals of 40 s (p < 0.001).

Povezanost motoričkih sposobnosti i uspeha učenika mlađeg školskog uzrasta

The aim of this paper was to investigate the relationship between motor skills and the development of students’ intellectual abilities, as well as the relationship between the results of motor skills tests and students’ school success. The research was cross-sectional. It was conducted in the second semester of the 2019/2020 school year in the Elementary school “17. oktobar” in Jagodina, on a sample of 60 third grade students. The sample was divides into two subsamples according to gender (30 girls and 30 boys). Five tests from the EUROFIT battery of tests were used to assess motor skills: Plate Tapping, Standing Long Jump, Sit and Reach, Bent-Arm Hang and 10 x 5 meter Shuttle Run. For measuring students’ school success, the final grades from five subjects were taken into consideration ‒ Serbian, English, Mathematics, World around us and Physical education. For each variable, the following descriptive statistical parameters were calculated: arithmetic mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum. Correlations were calculated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and differences between the groups using Student’s T-test for independent samples. A correlation was found in boys between the Plate Tapping motor test, which measures the repetitive strength of hands, and Serbian language with a value of −0.407. On the basis of the T-test, it was found that there were statistically significant differences in the Sit and Reach test in girls with a value of p = 0.000 compared to boys, as well as in the subject English, in favour of girls with a value of p = 0.014.

ANTHROPOMETRIC AND MOTOR CHANGES AFTER ONE-YEAR AEROBIC GYMNASTICS TRAINING IN YOUNG GYMNASTS

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of one-year specific aerobic gymnastics training on selected anthropometric and motor parameters in 6-11-year-old girls. 23 girls (average age in the beginning of the study was 8.04 ± 1.22 years) were involved in the study representing 2 different aerobic gymnastics sports clubs in Slovakia. The selected group completed their regular trainings and competitions for a period of one year. Measurements were taken in January 2019 and January 2020, in the middle of the preparatory period. Normality of distribution of the traits was examined using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Considering anthropometric parameters, there were significant changes (p≤0.01) in body height, body weight and BMI. Considering motor parameters, the mean values of straddle support hold and back extension endurance test increased significantly to the level of p≤0.05. The mean values of 4x10m shuttle run, standing long jump, modified push-ups, sit-ups in 60s increased significantly to the level of p≤0.01. No significant changes were observed in bent arm hang test or hanging knee tucks. On the other hand, the values of 1 leg stand with eyes closed and 2-min endurance shuttle run decreased insignificantly.

A COMPARISON OF SOME ANTHROPOMETRIC AND MOTOR FEATURES OF VISUALLY IMPAIRED STUDENTS WHO PLAY SPORTS AND THOSE WHO DO NOT PLAY SPORTS IN SCHOOLS FOR THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED IN TURKEY

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare certain anthropometric and motor features of visually impaired students who play sports and those who do not play sports in schools for the visually impaired in Turkey. It is thought that the sport has an important place in the rehabilitation of disabled people and also has an effect on their physical characteristics. Material and Methods: In this context, 98 visually impaired students who played sports regularly (72 male, 26 female) and 189 visually impaired students who did not play sports regularly (110 male, 79 female) participated in our study. In the study, participants’ gender, age, height, body weight, body mass index, girth, and motor features such as flamingo balance test, flexibility, standing long jump, sit-up, bent arm hang, 10 x 5m shuttlerun, grip strength, vertical jump, abdominal strength, back strength, hip flexion strength, hip extension strength, leg flexion strength, leg extension strength, arm strength and arm extension strength were measured. During the strength measurements, Lovett’s Manual Muscle Strength Test was utilised. Results: In the study, significant differences were found between visually impaired students who played sports and those who did not play sports in terms of age, height, grip strength, vertical jump, balance test, flexibility, long jump, sit-up, bent arm hang, 10 x 5m shuttle run, abdominal strength, back strength, hip flexion strength, hip extension strength, leg flexion strength, leg extension strength, arm flexion strength and arm extension strength (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were found in terms of body weight, body mass index or girth (p>0.05). Conclusion: Examination of the test results of the study reveals that visually impaired students who played sports had higher performance levels than those of students who did not play sports. It is recommended that visually impaired students, as well as being given physical education lessons, should take part in more mobility games and sporting activities, or that more mobility games and sporting activities should be included in course curricula. 
 
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Secular trends in muscular fitness from 1983 to 2014 among Slovenian children and adolescents.

Low physical fitness has been found to be associated with many chronic diseases and medical conditions. Knowledge of secular trends in physical fitness is important to initiate countermeasures for addressing negative trends. The aim of this study was to analyze secular trends in health‐related muscular fitness in Slovenian children and adolescents between 1983 and 2014. Data were collected as part of “The Analysis of Children's Development in Slovenia (ACDSi)” study in 1983, 1993/94, 2003/04, and 2013/14. Anthropometry (body weight, height, BMI, and triceps skinfold) and muscular fitness (standing long jump, bent‐arm hang, and sit‐ups 60 s test) of 18730 (9168 female) students from primary and secondary schools were recorded. The secular trend was analyzed considering anthropometry. The results showed that anthropometric measures had an increasing trend and overall muscular fitness had a decreasing trend. Leg muscle power decreased over the decades in all age groups (relative difference between −1.5% and −2.6%), being more pronounced in boys. Arm muscle strength decreased in two younger age groups (range −21.1% to −42.7%, 6–10, and 11–14 years), but not in the oldest group (15–19 years), where the increase occurred in both genders (0.4% to 9.3%). In terms of decades, the largest negative changes (−30.1%) occurred from 1993/94 to 2003/04 and the smallest changes (−4.2%) from 2003/04 to 2013/14. The overall trend in repetitive core strength surprisingly increased (1.1% to 18.3%). There is a need to promote healthy lifestyles, raise parental awareness and use all government resources to redirect the negative trend in physical fitness.

Morphological and Motor Fitness Determinants of Shotokan Karate Performance.

The achievement of high performance levels in a complex structured sport such as karate is determined by the competitor’s physical fitness, fighting technique, tactics and mental state. This study aimed to identify the most important determinants of top-level performance in karate. Methods: The participants were 32 karate competitors (12 women and 20 men) aged 18–25 years. A series of tests measuring 11 anthropometric features was undertaken twice during a year, separated by a 6-week interval during a training camp at the Olympic Preparation Center in Walcz, Poland. Motor skills were measured with strength, speed, endurance, flexibility and reaction time tests. Special motor fitness was assessed with tests of karate technical skills. The results were subject to statistical analysis using multiple stepwise regression of the Polish Karate Federation ranking points as the dependent variable. Results: The multiple regression analysis revealed two main determinants of high scores in female and male karate competitors. In women, these were thigh circumference and the speed of the mawashi-geri-kick roundhouse technique (i.e., the maximum number of delivered kicks in 30 s), whilst for men they were the extent of the sideway leg swing to the highest possible height (yoko-geri) and general endurance assessed with the bent arm hang test. Conclusion: Karate training should account for the determinants of high-level competitive karate performance identified in this study. Strengthening the lower limbs, exercises increasing hip joint mobility, low position movements, performing leg techniques in various planes and applying external loads undoubtedly increase a karate athlete’s strength and lead to the development of a more extensive repertoire of karate leg techniques, especially at the highest-scoring head level (jodan).

Effectiveness of Using Active Games for Strength Development in 10-Year-Old Boys at the Initial Training Stage in Kyokushin Karate

The objective of the study was to examine the level of strength fitness indicators of 10-year-old boys who do Kyokushin Karate, and experimentally test the effectiveness of the impact of play techniques on the dynamics of strength development.
 Materials and methods. The study involved 40 10-year-old boys. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. To achieve the objective set, the following research methods were used: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing, and methods of mathematical statistics for processing research results.
 Results. There were the biggest changes in the results of the tests “Standing long jump” by 15.9% (р < 0.001), “Sit-ups in 30 s” by 16.0% (р < 0.001), “Pull-ups” by 18.3% (р < 0.001), and “Bent arm hang” by 15.6% (р < 0.001). The experimental group boys’ result of the “Standing long jump” changed from low to above average. The lowest increase in results was observed in the “Right hand grip test” by 7.2% (р < 0.001), “Left hand grip test” by 6.9% (р < 0.001), and“Push-ups” by 11.8% (р < 0.001).
 Conclusions. The initial level of the boys’ strength fitness is sufficient and conforms to age norms. Most of them had an average – 30.36%, an above average – 19.64%, and a high – 23.21% level of strength abilities development. The data obtained give reason to recommend that teachers and coaches use active games aimed at developing strength. As a result of using play load (5 games, 3 repetitions with rest intervals of 40 s), there was a statistically significant increase in strength indicators (р < 0.001).

The Influence of Climbing Activities on Physical Fitness of People with Intellectual Disabilities

ABSTRACT Research confirms the effectiveness of training based on specific sports discipline in the therapy of people with intellectual disabilities. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of climbing activities on the physical fitness of people with ID. This is a randomised, controlled trial. In total, 68 people with diagnosed mild or moderate intellectual disabilities took part in the study. An experimental group participated in the activities on an artificial climbing wall for a period of 15 weeks. The assessment of physical fitness included selected samples from the Eurofit and Eurofit Special tests set. Statistical analysis was carried out with Statistica 13 programme. After the end of the programme, the balance measured by a walk on a bench and the strength of upper limbs assessed by bent arm hang test, push a 2 kg medicine ball and dynamometric measurement of handgrip force were significantly improved in the experimental group. The index of the relative strength of both limbs, depending on body weight, also increased. Participation in climbing activities has a positive effect on the level of some components of the physical fitness of people with ID and maybe an alternative form of therapy.

Impact of Additional Physical Activity Program on Motor Abilities Development in School Children

The aim of this study is to determine there is a statistically significant difference in motor ability indicators in children of early school age before and after the defined experimental process. The total number of subjects is 40 and the subjects was divided into two subsamples: a subsample of boys (n = 20) with an average age of 6.20 ± 0.34 years and a subsample of a girls (n = 20) with an average age of 6.16 ± 0.62 years. All subjects were participants in the program of the sports school of the children fitness centre Smart Gym from Podgorica. Subsamples were subjected to an experimental process lasting 8 weeks. Immediately before and after the experimental process, motor abilities were measured using the following 10 tests: 5m sprint, 10m sprint, standing long jump, polygon backwards, bent arm hang, sit and reach, climbing and descending, stork balance stand test, sit ups, and throw and catch test. The results of the study show that the experimental process was successful in improving the polygon backwards, forward deep bend and throw and catch test in boys and stork balance stand test, sit ups and throw and catch test in girls. Such a program could improve the working methodology in all sport schools throughout Montenegro.

Nine Months of a Structured Multisport Program Improve Physical Fitness in Preschool Children: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Research in preschool children that investigates the impact of different exercise interventions on physical fitness is limited. This pre–post study was aimed at determining if participation in a nine-month structured multisport program (MSG; n = 38) could enhance physical fitness components compared to a formal exercise program (control group (CG); n = 36) among preschool children. Physical fitness was assessed using standardized tests (the standing long jump, sit and reach, 20 m sprint, sit-ups for 30 s, bent-arm hang, medicine ball throw (MBT), grip strength, 4 × 10 m shuttle run, and 20 m shuttle run tests). The structured multisport program involved fundamental/gross and fine motor skills and ball game-based exercises twice a week. The control group was free of any programmed exercise except for the obligatory program in kindergartens. A mixed ANOVA demonstrated significant group-by-time interaction effects for the 4 × 10 m shuttle run, standing long jump, sit-ups, bent-arm hang, grip strength, and sit and reach tests (p < 0.05). There was no significant group-by-time interaction effect for the 20 m sprint test (p = 0.794) or for the 20 m shuttle run test (p = 0.549). Moreover, the MSG and CG performance in the MBT and 20 m shuttle run tests improved to a similar extent from pre- to post-test. Our results indicate that compared to the formal plan, the structured multisport program led to a sustained improvement in physical fitness in healthy 5-to-6-year old children.

Comparative Analysis of Motor and Functional Fitness of 6th Grade Boys of an Underfilled School Under Quarantine Conditions

The purpose of the study was to determine the dynamics of motor and functional fitness of 6th grade boys of an underfilled school during the school year under quarantine conditions. Materials and methods. The study involved 6th grade boys (n = 6), who were 11 years old at the beginning of the experiment. The study used methods of mathematical statistics for processing research results, analysis of scientific and methodological literature, testing to assess schoolchildren’s motor and functional fitness. Study results. The indices of the 6th grade students’ motor fitness deteriorated significantly after quarantine. A comparative analysis of the arithmetic mean of the indices showed that in shuttle run 4x9 m (agility) the results deteriorated by 3%, push-ups (strength) by 24.1%, pull-ups (strength) by 41.6%, bent arm hang (strength) by 18.8%, standing long jump (speed and strength qualities) by 1.29%, trunk bend in lying support (flexibility) by 41.5%. As of September 2020, the indices of functional fitness of the 6th grade students also decreased. A comparative analysis of the arithmetic mean of the indices showed that in Shtange test the results deteriorated by 12.6%, and in Genchi test by 14.3%. The introduced quarantine measures and distance learning have negatively affected the schoolchildren’s motor and functional fitness. Conclusions. During the school year, the boys show a positive dynamics of results, and after quarantine measures there is negative dynamics, due to the lack of physical education classes. The testing results indicate the possibility of improving physical education classes, increasing motor activity, enhancing the level of motor fitness, based on the sensitive period of children’s development and individual approach to each school student.

IMPACT OF FOLK DANCE ON PHYSICAL CONDITIONING OF YOUNGER SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN

Children develop a variety of skills and knowledge from childhood, including physical activity habits that persist throughout their lives. Insufficient physical activity rates around the world are high and continue to increase (Latvian ministry of health, 2017). Dancing is one of the kinds of physical activity that can deliver benefits to health throughout life, even at the amateur level. Yet, it isn't quite clear yet whether dance intervention is as effective to health as other physical activities. (Yan, Cobley &amp; Chan, 2018). The research question is – is it possible to increase general conditioning with folk dance classes besides a school activities? The aim of the study: explore the impact of folk dances on the children's body mass index and physical conditioning at a younger school age, compared with children engaged in other out of school physical activities and children not engaged in out of school physical activities. The study involved 117 children in age 9 -11 divided into three groups - going for folk dances after school, some kind of sport after school and without regular physical activity after school. The assessment of children's physical conditioning by the Eurofit tests showed a tendency that in average children's physical conditioning rates were “low“ or “below average” no matter in which group they are. For children who do afterschool activity as folk dance, BMI is statistically equivalent to those children who are going for other physical activities and children who are not engaged in any afterschool physical activity. The physical conditioning rates for all three groups are statistically equivalent in the tests: standing broad jump, bent arm hang, shuttle run 5x10m, while the test sit-ups the children lack of afterschool physical activity, average the result was one level lower than in the other groups. The main conclusion is, that volume of folk dance as afterschool physical activities is not enough to make significant difference of average physical conditioning level of children.

Physical fitness of deaf females

Summary Study aim: The aim of the study was to examine the differences in physical fitness between deaf female soccer players and their deaf peers who did not practise any sport. Material and methods: The research involved 13 deaf female soccer players and 16 deaf untrained girls. Physical fitness was assessed by a jump test and the Eurofit test. In the jump test, each participant performed an akimbo counter-movement jump (ACMJ), a counter-movement jump (CMJ) and a spike jump (SPJ) on a force plate. The following trials of the Eurofit test were performed: flexibility – sit-and-reach; static strength – hand grip; functional strength – bent arm hang (arm and shoulder muscular endurance); explosive strength – standing broad jump; and trunk strength – sit-ups (abdominal muscular endurance). Results: Soccer players jumped significantly higher than untrained females in the ACMJ, CMJ, and SPJ, and developed significantly higher power of the CMJ. Relative power developed in the ACMJ and SPJ did not differ between the examined groups. Soccer players were physically fitter than girls who did not play any sport. Significant differences between the groups were observed for all measured trials except for the bent arm hang. Conclusions: Hearing loss does not significantly determine the physical development or physical fitness of deaf people. Playing sports improves the physical fitness of deaf people in comparison with untrained deaf people.

NEUROMUSCULAR FITNESS IN EARLY LIFE AND ITS IMPACT ON BONE HEALTH IN ADULTHOOD: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

ABSTRACTObjective: To systematically review the literature to verify the relationship between neuromuscular fitness indicators in childhood/adolescence and bone strength variables in adulthood.Data sources: A systematic review was conducted in PUBMED, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, LILACS, and SciELO, covering the entire period until March 2019.Data synthesis: The search identified 1149 studies. After duplicity analysis and eligibility criteria, four studies were reported. In one study, baseline was childhood and, in the others, adolescence. In childhood, when adjusting the model for age and body mass index, a statistically significant relation was found for girls: standing long jump with quantitative ultrasound index (β=0.11; p<0.05) and with speed of sound (β=0.14; p<0.01). However, when controlling muscular performance in adulthood, the relationship was no longer significant. In adolescence, coefficients ranged from 0.16 for neuromotor battery and bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar region to 0.38 for hanging leg lift test and BMD of arms. The explained variance varied between 2% (bent arm hang for BMD total) and 12% (hanging leg-lift for BMD arms), therefore, a higher performance in neuromuscular fitness in adolescence was associated with better bone strength in adulthood.Conclusions: In adults, bone strength variables showed significant correlation from low to moderate magnitude with neuromuscular fitness indicators in adolescence, but not in childhood, after controlling for adult performance in neuromuscular fitness. However, there is limited evidence to support the neuromuscular fitness in early life as a determinant of bone strength in adulthood.

The effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength in male adults undergoing basic military training

BackgroundVitamin D deficiency (VDD) is ubiquitous in the Indian subcontinent. VDD has been shown to impair muscle functions. However, the association of VDD with cardiorespiratory endurance is uncertain. Hence, we enrolled and supplemented vitamin D in military recruits with VDD with an aim to evaluate effect of supplementation on cardiorespiratory endurance and muscle strength. MethodWe enrolled 90 military recruits with VDD and randomly allotted them to two groups equally. The group I received cholecalciferol granules 60,000 IU every fortnight for twelve weeks (cases), and the group II was observed as control. Muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance was assessed with a battery of tests (standing broad jump, bent arm hang test, 20 m shuttle run) at baseline and repeated at the end of training (nineteen weeks). Blood samples were collected for measurement of serum 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone. ResultsIn Group I and Group II, there was significant increase in 25(OH) D levels (25.8 ± 7.1 and 17.3 ± 3.5 ng/ml, respectively), and in VO2 max (9.8 ± 8.8 and 12.7 ± 8.6 ml/kg/min, respectively) compared with the baseline values. However, no significant change was observed in muscle strength after supplementation. There was no difference between the groups in VO2 max and muscle strength at baseline and at the end of training. ConclusionVitamin D supplementation did not improve muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance in military recruits with VDD. A significant rise in 25(OH) D was observed even in those not supplemented with vitamin D.

Physical and Physiological Determinants of Rock Climbing.

Rock climbing performance relies on many characteristics. Herein, the authors identified the physical and physiological determinants of peak performance in rock climbing across the range from lower grade to elite. Forty four male and 33 female climbers with onsight maximal climbing grades 5a-8a and 5a-7b+, respectively, were tested for physical, physiological, and psychological characteristics (independent variables) that were correlated and modeled by multiple regression and principal component analysis to identify the determinants of rock climbing ability. In males, 23 of 47 variables correlated with climbing ability (P < .05, Pearson correlation coefficients .773-.340), including shoulder endurance, hand and finger strength, shoulder power endurance, hip flexibility, lower-arm grip strength, shoulder power, upper-arm strength, core-body endurance, upper-body aerobic endurance, hamstrings and lower-back flexibility, aerobic endurance, and open-hand finger strength. In females, 10 of 47 variables correlated with climbing ability (P < .05, Pearson correlation coefficients .742-.482): shoulder endurance and power, lower-arm grip strength, balance, aerobic endurance, and arm span. Principal component analysis and univariate multiple regression identified the main explanatory variables. In both sexes, shoulder power and endurance measured as maximum pull-ups, average arm crank power, and bent-arm hang, emerged as the main determinants (P < .01; adjusted R2 = .77 in males and .62 in females). In males, finger pincer (P = .07) and grip strength also had trends (P = .09) toward significant effects. Finally, in test-of-principle training studies, they trained to increase main determinants 42% to 67%; this improved climbing ability 2 to 3 grades. Shoulder power and endurance majorly determines maximal climbing. Finger, hand, and arm strength, core-body endurance, aerobic endurance, flexibility, and balance are important secondary determinants.

Description of Motor and Functional Fitness of 4th-5th Grade Boys of a Rural Underfilled School

The study purpose was to determine the dynamics of motor and functional fitness of 4th-5th grade boys of a rural underfilled school during the school year.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study participants were boys of 4th grade (n = 9) and 5th grade (n = 5). During parent-teacher meetings, the children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The study used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing, and methods of mathematical statistics for processing research results.&#x0D; Results. On average, the 4th grade boys’ results are 10.8 times better in push-ups (p &lt; 0.05); 5.3 times better in pull-ups (p &lt; 0.05); 15.3 s better in bent-arm hang (p &lt; 0.05). By the results of other motor tests, the differences between average values are statistically non-significant (p &gt; 0.05).&#x0D; Conclusions. The general level of the pupils’ functional and motor fitness is sufficient. There are statistically significant differences between the 4th and 5th grade boys in push-ups, pull-ups, bent-arm hang, Stange test, Serkin test (p &lt; 0.05). By the results of other tests, the differences between average values are statistically non-significant (p &gt; 0.05).

Effect of 12 Weeks Workout on Women’s Physical Fitness

The aim of this research is to determine the students physical fitness level by using Eurofit test battery. The research subjects are students (female) from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava. The applied tests to the subjects are from the EUROFIT test battery. It is observed that not all fitness components have been improved in the same way. The best effect was obtained for the following components: balance test (Flamingo), static muscular strength (handgrip test), dynamic strength (sit ups), speed segmental (plate tapping) where progress was over 7%. A good progress was recorded for: running speed (10x5m shuttle run), strength endurance (bent arm hang), cardio-respiratory endurance (20m endurance shuttle run), lower limb explosive strength (standing long jump). To attract youth for practicing regular physical activity it is needed to find attractive sports or activities and motivate them to develop their physical fitness.

Comparative Overview of Functional and Motor Preparedness of Boys Aged 13-14

The study objective was to determine the possibility of recognizing the state of functional and motor preparedness of boys aged 13–14, using multidimensional statistical methods.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study involved boys aged 13 years (n = 10), 14 years (n = 10) studying at the Pisochyn Collegium. To solve the tasks set, the study relied on the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing, and methods of mathematical statistics for processing research results.&#x0D; Results. There are statistically significant differences in the preparedness of the boys aged 13 and 14 years in test 4 “Serkin’s test, phase 2” and test 15 “Evaluation of perception of motion strength parameters, 1/3”. The boys aged 14 show better results. In tests 1–3, 5, 9–14, 16–17, the boys aged 14 tend to improve their results. The results indicate that discriminant analysis allows to recognize the state of functional and motor preparedness of the boys aged 13–14, using test results and to classify the school students by motor activity. For practical application of discriminant analysis results, unstandardized canonical discriminant function coefficients are used. The probability of a case belonging to the predicted group is calculated based on substitution of values of variables for the corresponding case into the discriminant function. A comparison of the obtained results with centroid values makes it possible to determine the group the result belongs to.&#x0D; Conclusions. Discriminant function structure coefficients are most closely related to variables that characterize functional preparedness (test 4 “Serkin’s test, phase 2”), coordination and strength preparedness (test 15 “Evaluation of perception of motion strength parameters, 1/3”, test 9 “Bent-arm hang”, test 10 “Standing long jump”). The division of boys into groups by functional and motor preparedness is carried out on the basis of unstandardized coefficients.