Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective: To systematically review the literature to verify the relationship between neuromuscular fitness indicators in childhood/adolescence and bone strength variables in adulthood.Data sources: A systematic review was conducted in PUBMED, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, LILACS, and SciELO, covering the entire period until March 2019.Data synthesis: The search identified 1149 studies. After duplicity analysis and eligibility criteria, four studies were reported. In one study, baseline was childhood and, in the others, adolescence. In childhood, when adjusting the model for age and body mass index, a statistically significant relation was found for girls: standing long jump with quantitative ultrasound index (β=0.11; p<0.05) and with speed of sound (β=0.14; p<0.01). However, when controlling muscular performance in adulthood, the relationship was no longer significant. In adolescence, coefficients ranged from 0.16 for neuromotor battery and bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar region to 0.38 for hanging leg lift test and BMD of arms. The explained variance varied between 2% (bent arm hang for BMD total) and 12% (hanging leg-lift for BMD arms), therefore, a higher performance in neuromuscular fitness in adolescence was associated with better bone strength in adulthood.Conclusions: In adults, bone strength variables showed significant correlation from low to moderate magnitude with neuromuscular fitness indicators in adolescence, but not in childhood, after controlling for adult performance in neuromuscular fitness. However, there is limited evidence to support the neuromuscular fitness in early life as a determinant of bone strength in adulthood.
Highlights
IntroductionThe fragility of bones in senile osteoporosis results from the processes of low peak bone mass and/or bone loss accentuated with advancing age, especially among women.[5,6] Part of the bone fragility is established in early phases of lifecycle and optimizing peak bone mass could mitigate the consequences.[7] Peak bone mass is the amount of bone mass acquired up to reaching a plateau, which usually occurs until the beginning of the third decade of life.[8] During this bone mass acquisition period (notably during childhood and adolescence), heredity, sex, hormones, nutrition, and mechanical loads (physical activities) are consensually important determinants of peak bone mass.[5,6]
Osteoporosis is characterized by compromised bone strength that predisposes a person to an increased risk of bone fracture.[1,2] Occurring mainly in the hip, vertebrae, and forearm, the fractures negatively influence the quality of life of affected individuals,[3] leading to dramatic increment health costs and being identified as a significant public health concern.[4]The fragility of bones in senile osteoporosis results from the processes of low peak bone mass and/or bone loss accentuated with advancing age, especially among women.[5,6] Part of the bone fragility is established in early phases of lifecycle and optimizing peak bone mass could mitigate the consequences.[7]
There is limited evidence to support the neuromuscular fitness in early life as a determinant of bone strength in adulthood
Summary
The fragility of bones in senile osteoporosis results from the processes of low peak bone mass and/or bone loss accentuated with advancing age, especially among women.[5,6] Part of the bone fragility is established in early phases of lifecycle and optimizing peak bone mass could mitigate the consequences.[7] Peak bone mass is the amount of bone mass acquired up to reaching a plateau, which usually occurs until the beginning of the third decade of life.[8] During this bone mass acquisition period (notably during childhood and adolescence), heredity, sex, hormones, nutrition, and mechanical loads (physical activities) are consensually important determinants of peak bone mass.[5,6]. Explained the reasons and scientific basis for conducting the research. Includes general and specific objectives clearly considering any pre-established hypotheses
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