Benchtop Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Research Articles

Benchtop NMR-Based Metabolomics: First Steps for Biomedical Application.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics is a valuable tool for identifying biomarkers and understanding the underlying metabolic changes associated with various diseases. However, the translation of metabolomics analysis to clinical practice has been limited by the high cost and large size of traditional high-resolution NMR spectrometers. Benchtop NMR, a compact and low-cost alternative, offers the potential to overcome these limitations and facilitate the wider use of NMR-based metabolomics in clinical settings. This review summarizes the current state of benchtop NMR for clinical applications where benchtop NMR has demonstrated the ability to reproducibly detect changes in metabolite levels associated with diseases such as type 2 diabetes and tuberculosis. Benchtop NMR has been used to identify metabolic biomarkers in a range of biofluids, including urine, blood plasma and saliva. However, further research is needed to optimize the use of benchtop NMR for clinical applications and to identify additional biomarkers that can be used to monitor and manage a range of diseases. Overall, benchtop NMR has the potential to revolutionize the way metabolomics is used in clinical practice, providing a more accessible and cost-effective way to study metabolism and identify biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.

Application of Benchtop NMR for Metabolomics Study Using Feces of Mice with DSS-Induced Colitis

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics, which comprehensively measures metabolites in biological systems and investigates their response to various perturbations, is widely used in research to identify biomarkers and investigate the pathogenesis of underlying diseases. However, further applications of high-field superconducting NMR for medical purposes and field research are restricted by its high cost and low accessibility. In this study, we applied a low-field, benchtop NMR spectrometer (60 MHz) employing a permanent magnet to characterize the alterations in the metabolic profile of fecal extracts obtained from dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis model mice and compared them with the data acquired from high-field NMR (800 MHz). Nineteen metabolites were assigned to the 60 MHz 1H NMR spectra. Non-targeted multivariate analysis successfully discriminated the DSS-induced group from the healthy control group and showed high comparability with high-field NMR. In addition, the concentration of acetate, identified as a metabolite with characteristic behavior, could be accurately quantified using a generalized Lorentzian curve fitting method based on the 60 MHz NMR spectra.

Benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance performance evaluation according to ASTM E691-22 on a population of instruments: Molar substitution determination in hydroxypropyl betadex as a case study for use in quality control environments.

The inclusion of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) spectroscopy in industry has historically been stifled by a lack of accessibility, caused in-part by the large costs of traditional high-field spectrometers, the maintenance required for these, and the expertise necessary to manage and use them. In recent years, the emergence of benchtop NMR technology, an accessible, affordable, and automatable alternative, has led to a more feasible incorporation of NMR into quality control spaces, an area traditionally reserved for other techniques such as gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, which are routinely combined with detection techniques such as mass spectrometry. While these techniques are commonly used in analyzer-type applications using gold standard methods of analysis, wherein an instrument is dedicated to performing specific assays, this remains uncommon for NMR. Herein, we perform a full method verification using benchtop qNMR on a population of benchtop NMR instruments according to the ASTM designation E691-22, a standard used to determine the precision of a test method. To our knowledge, this is the first published example of this type of study for benchtop NMR spectroscopy. For this work, a total of five analysts performed assays on 23 different benchtop NMR instruments for the analysis of hydroxypropyl betadex according to the USP-NF method, and the results are compared using a variety of statistical methods. The results of this work demonstrate that benchtop NMR technology is effective and robust under repeatability and reproducibility conditions and is a powerful tool for these types of routine quality control analyses.

Characterising water in Lunar and Martian regolith materials using nuclear magnetic resonance

Water is critical in the future of space exploration and development of planetary bodies. Benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a geophysical measurement technique with the potential to be used for identification and characterisation of water resources on planetary bodies, such as the Moon and Mars. In this work, we explore the potential of NMR for space exploration by conducting measurements on Lunar and Martian regolith simulants using two main NMR pulse sequences. The first sequence is a decay due to internal fields (DDIF) pulse sequence which probes the pore size of the porous structure created by the regolith simulants. We then use a simple pore-to-particle size model to estimate the particle size distribution of the simulants and validate this against laser particle size analysis (LPSA) data. The DDIF type sequence can also be used to resolve the material surface relaxivity: which is useful in understanding the concentration of paramagnetic species as well as for correlating the length scales of various water volumes. The second pulse sequence utilised is a multi-echo sequence used to quantify fluid volumes as well as total moisture content within the porous media. The fluid volumes observed include adsorbed or hydrated water bound to clay minerals, as well as interparticle water between the regolith simulant grains. The NMR measured moisture content showed reasonably good agreement to corresponding gravimetric measurements used for validation. Finally, we discuss the implications of the current measurements and provide suggested focal points for potential future developments of NMR systems for space exploration.

Benchtop 19F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy Provides Mechanistic Insight into the Biginelli Condensation toward the Chemical Synthesis of Novel Trifluorinated Dihydro- and Tetrahydropyrimidinones as Antiproliferative Agents.

Benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has enabled the monitoring and optimization of chemical transformations while simultaneously providing kinetic, mechanistic, and structural insight into reaction pathways with quantitative precision. Moreover, benchtop NMR proton lock capabilities further allow for rapid and convenient monitoring of various organic reactions in real time, as the use of deuterated solvents is not required. The complementary role of 19F NMR-based kinetic monitoring in the fluorination of bioactive compounds has many benefits in the drug discovery process since fluorinated motifs additionally improve drug pharmacology. In this study, 19F NMR spectroscopy was utilized to monitor the synthesis of novel trifluorinated analogs of monastrol, a small molecule dihydropyrimidinone kinesin-Eg5 inhibitor, and to probe the mechanism of the Biginelli cyclocondensation, a multicomponent reaction used to synthesize dihydropyrimidinone and tetrahydropyrimidinones through a Bronsted- or Lewis-acid catalyzed cyclocondensation between ethyl acetoacetate, thiourea, and an aryl aldehyde. In the present study, a trifluorinated ketoester serves a dual purpose as being the source of the trifluoromethyl group in our fluorinated dihydropyrimidinones and as a spectroscopic handle for real-time reaction monitoring and tracking of reactive intermediates by 19F NMR. Further, upon extending this workflow to a diverse array of 3- and 4-substituted aryl aldehydes, we were able to derive Hammett linear free energy relationships (LFER) to determine stereoelectronic effects of para- and meta-substituted aryl aldehydes to corresponding reaction rates and mechanistic routes. In addition, we used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to corroborate our experimental results through the thermodynamic values of key intermediates in each mechanism. Finally, these studies culminate in the synthesis of a novel trifluorinated analog of monastrol and its subsequent biological evaluation in vitro. More broadly, we show an application of benchtop 19F NMR spectroscopy as an analytical tool in the real-time investigation of a mechanistically and chemically complex multicomponent reaction mixture.

Measurement of hydrogen dispersion in rock cores using benchtop NMR

Electrolysis followed by underground hydrogen storage (UHS) in both salt caverns and depleted oil and gas reservoirs is widely considered as a potential option to overcome fluctuations in energy provision from intermittent renewable sources. Particularly in the case of depleted oil and gas reservoirs, a denser layer of cushion gas (N2, CH4 or CO2) can be accommodated in these storage volumes to allow for sufficient system pressure control as hydrogen is periodically injected and extracted. These gases/fluids are however fully soluble with hydrogen and thus with sufficient mixing can undesirably contaminate the extracted hydrogen product. Fluid mixing in a porous medium is typically characterized by a dispersion coefficient (KL), which is hence a critical input parameter into reservoir simulations of underground hydrogen storage. Such dispersion data is however not readily available in the literature for hydrogen at relevant storage conditions. Here we have developed and demonstrated novel methodology for the measurement of KL between hydrogen and nitrogen in a Berea sandstone at 50 bar as a function of displacement velocity (0.007–0.722 mm/s). This leverages off previous work quantifying KL between carbon dioxide and methane in rock cores relevant to enhanced gas recovery (EGR). This used infrared (IR) spectroscopy to differentiate the two fluids, hydrogen is however IR invisible. Hence the required time-resolved quantification of hydrogen concentration emerging from the rock core is uniquely performed here using bench-top nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The resultant hydrogen-nitrogen dispersion data as a function of displacement velocity allows for the determination of dispersivity (α = 0.31 mm). This intrinsic rock property compares favorably with previous CO2 dispersion measurements on similar sandstones, hence validating our methodology to some extent. In addition, at very low velocities, determination of the rock core tortuosity (τ, another intrinsic rock property) produces a value (τ = 10.9) that is similar to that measurement independently using pulsed field gradient NMR methods (τ = 11.3).

Determination of copolymer compositions in polyhydroxyalkanoates using 1H benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Continuous research into polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), biodegradable polymers which can be produced by, and harvested from, various bacteria has led to more cost-effective ways of isolating and commercializing them. As bio-based polymers, PHAs can be transformed into compostable bioplastics and utilized for a variety of applications. Often isolated as copolymers, the monomeric ratio compositions of these products greatly affect both the properties and consequently, possible end uses of these products. As such, methods of reliably characterizing these ratios are important for quality control and product development purposes. Herein, we discuss how 1H benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instruments can be used for the determination of monomeric ratio compositions in PHAs and compare results obtained at three different NMR field strengths: 1.40 T (60 MHz), 2.35 T (100 MHz), and 9.4 T (400 MHz).

Usefulness of Applying Partial Least Squares Regression to T2 Relaxation Curves for Predicting the Solid form Content in Binary Physical Mixtures

This study applied partial least squares (PLS) regression to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation curves to quantify the free base of an active pharmaceutical ingredient powder. We measured the T2 relaxation of intact and moisture-absorbed physical mixtures of tetracaine free base (TC) and its hydrochloride salt (TC·HCl). The obtained T2 relaxation curves were analyzed by two methods, one using a previously reported T2 relaxation time (T2), and the other using PLS regression. The accuracy of estimating TC was inadequate when using previous T2 values because the moisture-absorbed physical mixtures showed biphasic T2 relaxation curves. By contrast, the entire measured whole of the T2 relaxation curves was used as input variables and analyzed by PLS regression to quantify the content of TC in the moisture-absorbed TC/TC·HCl. Based on scatterplots of theoretical versus predicted TC, the obtained PLS model exhibited acceptable coefficients of determination and relatively low root mean squared error values for calibration and validation data. The statistical values confirmed that an accurate and reliable PLS model was created to quantify TC in even moisture-absorbed TC/TC·HCl. The bench-top low-field NMR instrument used to apply PLS regression to the T2 relaxation curve may be a promising tool in process analytical technology.

Toward the Development of Rapid, Automated Identification Tests for Neat Organic Liquids Using Benchtop NMR Instrumentation.

The advent of benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instrumentation has paved the way for the use of this technology away from traditional NMR facility settings. Still, a wider adoption of benchtop NMR systems for routine identification testing has been hampered by inherent instrumental limitations (including low sensitivity and reduced signal dispersion) and workflow automation challenges. The present study summarizes the results of a cross-company collaboration aiming at the development of rapid, automated identification tests for incoming materials in liquid form intended for pharmaceutical manufacturing. Potential scenarios that analysts may encounter during the development of identification tests using benchtop NMR instrumentation are described, and suitable strategies for data collection and analysis are discussed. Challenges and opportunities for benchtop NMR implementation are illustrated using common organic solvents and laboratory reagents in a neat form, for which reference NMR data are provided.

Accurate measurements of self-diffusion coefficients with benchtop NMR using a QM model-based approach.

The measurement of self-diffusion coefficients using pulsed-field gradient (PFG) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a well-established method. Recently, benchtop NMR spectrometers with gradient coils have also been used, which greatly simplify these measurements. However, a disadvantage of benchtop NMR spectrometers is the lower resolution of the acquired NMR signals compared to high-field NMR spectrometers, which requires sophisticated analysis methods. In this work, we use a recently developed quantum mechanical (QM) model-based approach for the estimation of self-diffusion coefficients from complex benchtop NMR data. With the knowledge of the species present in the mixture, signatures for each species are created and adjusted to the measured NMR signal. With this model-based approach, the self-diffusion coefficients of all species in the mixtures were estimated with a discrepancy of less than 2 % compared to self-diffusion coefficients estimated from high-field NMR data sets of the same mixtures. These results suggest benchtop NMR is a reliable tool for quantitative analysis of self-diffusion coefficients, even in complex mixtures.

Simultaneous Determination of Multicomponent Dosage Forms Using Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy: Application to Phenytoin-Phenobarbital Combination.

The use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as a tool for determining pharmaceutical molecules in bulk drugs and their dosage forms is growing. New advancements in benchtop NMR spectrometers with cryogen-free magnets have made this technique more appealing and accessible. Herein, we developed a method using a benchtop NMR spectrometer to quantify phenytoin (PhT) and phenobarbital (PhB) in bulk and combined dosage forms. The results were compared to those obtained by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a well-characterized procedure. This method is simple, low cost, relatively fast, and non-inferior to HPLC in terms of figures of merit.

Predicting Mandarin Fruit Acceptability: From High-Field to Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy.

Recent advances in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have led to the development of low-field benchtop NMR systems with improved sensitivity and resolution suitable for use in research and quality-control laboratories. Compared to their high-resolution counterparts, their lower purchase and running costs make them a good alternative for routine use. In this article, we show the adaptation of a method for predicting the consumer acceptability of mandarins, originally reported using a high-field 400 MHz NMR spectrometer, to benchtop 60 MHz NMR systems. Our findings reveal that both instruments yield comparable results regarding sugar and citric acid levels, leading to the development of virtually identical predictive linear models. However, the lower cost of benchtop NMR systems would allow cultivators to implement this chemometric-based method as an additional tool for the selection of new cultivars.

Analysis of Aging Products from Biofuels in Long-Term Storage.

The long-term aging processes during storage of different heating oils and their blends with biofuels including fatty acid methyl ester, hydrogenated vegetable oil, and power-to-liquids products were followed by different analytical techniques, and the aging products were analyzed. While most standard techniques are time-consuming and labor-intensive and specify only a single property, analyses by benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy proved to be effortless and fast. Moreover, only 0.4 mL of the sample is required for nondestructive NMR measurements. White and waxlike precipitates were found in FAME stored at a cold temperature and identified as esters of glycerol with saturated side chains by chromatographic, thermal, and spectroscopic analyses. At colder temperatures, they reversibly precipitate and can lead to system failure.

A new MgB2 bulk ring fabrication technique for use in magnetic shielding or bench-top NMR systems

We report a new methodology in bulk MgB2 ring production for use in small-scale magnetic shielding or bench-top nuclear magnetic resonance systems. This process is a modified field-assisted sintering technique (mFAST) which enables direct formation of the rings without the need for machining or additives into the precursor powder. The shielding and trapped field capabilities of three mFAST MgB2 rings were determined using zero-field- and field-cooled magnetic experiments. Individual bulks trap magnetic fields up to 1.24 T at 20 K comparable to the highest published data for a ring sample. It is anticipated that for many applications, multiple rings will be stacked to form the required experimental structure. We find, for the three ring stack, a trapped field of 2.04 T and a maximum shielded field of 1.74 T at 20 K. The major factor limiting performance at low temperatures are flux jumps which cause rapid loss of the trapped field or shielding capability. Preliminary studies of magnetic field ramp rate dependence on flux jumps were conducted illustrating that even at very slow ramp rates (0.007 T min−1) they remain a significant issue. Despite this concern, we conclude that mFAST represents an exciting new fabrication methodology for bulk MgB2 rings.

Parameter Visualization of Benchtop Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra toward Food Process Monitoring

Low-cost and user-friendly benchtop low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers are typically used to monitor food processes in the food industry. Because of excessive spectral overlap, it is difficult to characterize food mixtures using low-field NMR spectroscopy. In addition, for standard compounds, low-field benchtop NMR data are typically unavailable compared to high-field NMR data, which have been accumulated and are reusable in public databases. This work focused on NMR parameter visualization of the chemical structure and mobility of mixtures and the use of high-field NMR data to analyze benchtop NMR data to characterize food process samples. We developed a tool to easily process benchtop NMR data and obtain chemical shifts and T2 relaxation times of peaks, as well as transform high-field NMR data into low-field NMR data. Line broadening and time–frequency analysis methods were adopted for data processing. This tool can visualize NMR parameters to characterize changes in the components and mobilities of food process samples using benchtop NMR data. In addition, assignment errors were smaller when the spectra of standard compounds were identified by transferring the high-field NMR data to low-field NMR data rather than directly using experimentally obtained low-field NMR spectra.

Host-guest interactions and confinement effects in HZSM-5 and chabazite zeolites studied by low-field NMR spin relaxation

The characterization of fluid/solid interactions in porous materials is crucial for their design and optimization, most notably in applications such as adsorption and catalysis. Yet, probing interfacial phenomena of fluids confined in porous systems is particularly challenging. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin relaxation has emerged in recent years as a rapid, non-invasive experimental technique to probe adsorbate/adsorbent interactions in mesoporous catalytic materials. More recently, NMR relaxation measurements performed on high-field (300 MHz) superconducting magnets have been successfully validated as a robust method to characterize acidity in HZSM-5 zeolites. Expanding such techniques in the context of low-field, bench-top NMR instruments would be highly beneficial as it would make NMR relaxation a much more appealing and accessible tool for non-invasive, rapid characterization of adsorbate/adsorbent interactions in zeolites and microporous materials. Herein, we validate the use of low-field, bench-top NMR spin relaxation as an indicator for characterizing host-guest interactions in microporous zeolitic materials, using water as guest molecules confined within two different zeolite frameworks, HZSM-5 and chabazite, with varying silica/alumina ratio. The results reported here demonstrate the robustness and sensitivity of low-field NMR relaxation measurements as a rapid screening tool for characterizing adsorption and molecular dynamics in microporous materials, with important implications for both academics and industrialists in terms of making the method more widely accessible, hence expanding the set of tools for materials chemistry and characterization.

Minimum miscibility pressure of CO2 and oil evaluated using MRI and NMR measurements

The minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) between CO2 and crude oil is a critical parameter for CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Whilst different methodologies have been employed to determine MMP, these methods are either time-consuming or unable to be executed in the actual rock core samples from the relevant reservoir and as such, do not directly consider any accompanying kinetic effects. Here we consider a range of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement techniques performed on a benchtop NMR apparatus in terms of their ability to estimate MMP; specifically 1D imaging, self-diffusion measurements and T1/T2 relaxation measurements. Such MMP measurements were performed on two model oils (decane and hexadecane), allowing for validation against comparable MMP literature data, and a local crude oil sample – in this case the results were compared against a PVT measurement performed using a high-pressure variable volume cell (VVC). Reasonably good agreement with these alternative sources of MMP data were realized via NMR measurements of self-diffusion; these provided consistent estimates of MMP for a wider range of oils when compared to 1D imaging and NMR relaxation measurements. NMR T2 measurements however performed equivalently to self-diffusion measurements for higher viscosity fluids based on the limited number of samples studied; such measurements require much simpler NMR hardware and are more readily accessible in both the laboratory and in the field.

Composition analysis of natural gas by combined benchtop NMR spectroscopy and mechanistical multivariate regression

Natural gas is an essential energy source for a large variety of applications in today’s society. Forecasts predict that it will also play a vital role in decarbonizing the energy sector. The price of natural gas is determined by its calorific value, which depends on its composition. Thus, the accurate composition quantification of natural gas is essential to both producers and consumers. In this context, proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra of pure and mixed hydrocarbon gases have been studied with a desktop spectrometer in the range between 1 to 200 bar. Although spectral linewidth, chemical shift, and relaxation times depend on pressure and composition, the hydrocarbon concentrations of binary, ternary, and an eleven-component gas mixture could be quantified by spectral analysis using Spectral Hard Modeling, a mechanistical multivariate regression. Concentrations determined for the main components at 200 bar by NMR deviated by 0.1 to 0.18 mol% from Gas Chromatography values, leading to a difference in calorific values of only 0.15%. The presented results demonstrate that benchtop NMR combined with chemometrics can quantify complex hydrocarbon-gas mixtures reliably and quickly.

Quantitative measurement of Mono-Ethylene Glycol (MEG) content using low-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

Extraction of natural gas from remote subsea reservoirs is often accompanied by increased flow assurance risks such as hydrate blockages, which if formed can pose a serious threat to both productivity and safety. Such hydrates can be prevented via injection of monoethylene glycol (MEG) to subsea systems, which is subsequently regenerated via distillation and re-injected. Inaccurate compositional analysis of reclaimed MEG can, however, result in both process inefficiencies and over-use of MEG during re-injection. Limitations in current analytical methods mean that there is demand for the development and optimisation of alternative methods for quantifying MEG within the recycled fluids. Here, benchtop Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy is proven to be an accurate and reproducible method of monitoring such MEG composition to within a concentration error of 1 wt% in the presence of a range of impurities at concentrations consistent with those encountered in industry. Binary mixtures of MEG and water, and those with either methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) or acetic acid, provided accurate determination of MEG concentration within this range. The presence of saline water similarly produced concentration errors within 1 wt% with adequate optimisation of the NMR methods used. Industrial applicability as an on-line measurement was demonstrated by accurate MEG concentration determination during continuous flow (0–20 mL min−1). These results demonstrate low-field benchtop NMR spectrometry to be a viable candidate for MEG composition monitoring under typical environments encountered during the recycling of MEG for hydrate inhibition.

Abstract EP05: Plasma Water T 2 Is A Global Marker Of Cardiometabolic Health: The Premier Study

Introduction: Plasma water T 2 detects the multi-component pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome: insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and a pro-inflammatory, pro-coagulation state. In this study, we aimed to determine factors associated with plasma water T 2 to determine if it could serve as a marker of cardiometabolic health. To do so, we analyzed bio-banked samples from the PREMIER study. Hypothesis: Plasma water T 2 is associated with multiple measures of cardiometabolic health among PREMIER participants at baseline. Materials and Methods: This is an auxiliary study of PREMIER with an observational, cross-sectional design. The parent study recruited 810 subjects: 63% female, 35% black, 65% non-black. The exclusion criteria were diabetes, heart failure, prior CV event, cancer, or psychiatric hospitalization within 2 years. In the present study, we analyzed a subset of participants (n=455), based on the availability of bio-banked samples that had been frozen only once. Transverse relaxation time (T 2 ) decay curves were recorded at 37°C for unmodified human plasma using a CPMG pulse sequence and a Bruker mq20 benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometer. Water T 2 was resolved from non-water components using a discrete inverse Laplace transform. Total plasma protein and albumin were determined, as well as a panel of acute phase proteins, apolipoproteins and metabolic markers. Proteomic analysis was performed using Luminex xMAP technology with Milliplex plates. Statistical analyses were conducted using JMP Pro v16.1.0 (SAS, Inc.). The association of plasma water T 2 (outcome variable) with predictors of cardiometabolic health was analyzed in four stages: (1) screening of predictors using a bootstrap forest machine learning algorithm, (2) clustering of predictors using principal component analysis, (3) associations of predictors with T 2 using multiple linear regression, and (4) validation of regression models using bootstrap forest. Effect size was quantified as standardized beta coefficients, with standard errors and p-values. Results: The final regression model includes the following predictors for plasma water T 2 : albumin, globulins, LDL-cholesterol, C-reactive protein, hepatocyte growth factor, serum retinol, race, post-treadmill heart rate, household income and fasting C-peptide. This model had an adjusted R 2 of 0.57; all terms were significant. Thus, plasma water T 2 was independently associated with markers of dyslipidemia, inflammation, hyperinsulinemia, physical fitness, nutrition (vegetable intake), race and household income. Conclusion: The association of plasma water T 2 with multiple predictors of cardiometabolic health in PREMIER validates T 2 as a global biomarker of cardiometabolic health in individuals without diabetes. This measurement is practical for the point-of-care and shows promise for cardiometabolic health screening and monitoring.