Belu District Research Articles

Analisis Potensi Sektoral Ekonomi Di Kabupaten Belu

ABSTRACT
 
 Charles Amteme, NPM: 42150013 "Analysis of Economic Sectoral Potential in Belu Regency" under the guidance of Mr. Prof.Dr. Sirilius Seran, SE.MS as supervisor I and Mr. Frederich W. Nalle, SE.ME as supervisor II.
 The problem raised from this study is how the sector shifts to the economy in Belu District and whether there are leading sectors in the economy in Belu District. The objectives to be achieved in this study are to determine the Sector Shift to the economy in Belu District and to find out whether there is a superior Sector in the economy in Belu Regency. The data used in this study are secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency Office in Belu Regency. The data analysis technique used is the Shift Share analysis and Klassen Typology.
 Based on the results of shift share analysis, the sector that has the largest national share value is the agricultural sector, while the smallest value is in the electricity and gas and clean water sectors. According to the proportional shift analysis it is known that there are six sectors in Belu Regency whose growth is slower ompared to the NTT province, namely: agriculture, mining and grazing, the manufacturing industry sector, the electricity gas and water supply sector, the hotel and restaurant trade, and the sector finance, leasing and corporate services. While the differential shift analysis is known that there are four sectors in Belu Regency that grow faster based on internal locational factors, namely: the mining and mining sector, the manufacturing sector, the electricity, gas and water supply sector and also the transportation and communication sector. Based on the results of the typology analysis, the sectors included in the developed and rapidly growing sectors are other service sectors. Meanwhile, the sectors included in the advanced but depressed sectors are the financial sector, leasing and corporate services. Sectors classified as potential or still developing sectors are: agriculture and the relatively backward or underdeveloped sectors are the mining and quarrying sector, the processing industry, gas electricity and drinking water, construction, the restaurant and hotel trade and the communication and transportation sector.

Psychological, sociocultural and economic coping strategies of mothers or female caregivers of children with a disability in Belu district, Indonesia.

Caring for children with a disability can cause a range of psychological and socioeconomic challenges for parents and caregivers, such as anxiety, depression, inability to find affordable and appropriate childcare, loss of income and expenses related to disability specific treatment. As part of a study exploring the impacts of childhood disability on mothers or female caregivers and families, and the copy strategies they used, this paper describes strategies employed by mothers or female caregivers to cope with challenges associated with childhood disability within their family in Belu district, Indonesia. A qualitative approach using one-on-one in-depth interviews was used to collect data from participants (n = 22) who were recruited using a combination of purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and imported to NVivo 12 for analysis. A qualitative framework analysis was used to guide data analysis. The conceptual framework of coping strategies guided the conceptualisation and discussion of the findings. The findings showed that active psychological coping strategies, including cognitive or acceptance strategies, knowledge of both health condition and socio-academic related development of children with a disability, and family relationship and support, were used by the participants to cope with psychological challenges facing them. Self-reliance and religious/spiritual coping strategies were also utilised. Sociocultural strategies, such as social withdrawal or disengagement, professional support and culture-based support, were used by the participants to cope with social impacts, stigma, and discrimination associated with childhood disability. Participants also reported using financial strategies such as selling of family assets to cope with the economic challenges. The findings indicate the need for programs and interventions that address the needs of mothers and female caregivers and their families, to assist with effectively managing the significant challenges they face when caring for a child with a disability. Further studies are needed, with a larger number of participants and the inclusion of fathers or male caregivers, in order to better understand the broader coping experience of childhood disability impacts within families.

Utilization of wind energy in Belu District to improve community welfare and support environmental friendly development

The border area geographic of Indonesia and Timor Leste, especially Belu District, has a large potential source of natural energy. But unfortunately, the potential of wind energy cannot be explored to improve people’s welfare and to support sustainable development. This study found the potential for wind energy of 120 Megawatts which can be developed into electricity for the benefit of the people of Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. The potential points are in Laktutus and Lookeu, Belu District. The research method used quantitative and qualitative participatory observations in the field study. If this wind potential can be developed by the local government of East Nusa Tenggara, it can encourage economic growth and home industries in Belu District. This finding is an important recommendation material for the East Nusa Tenggara Provincial Government in assessing development and implementing environmentally friendly and sustainable development activities.

The psychosocial and economic impacts on female caregivers and families caring for children with a disability in Belu District, Indonesia.

The current study aimed to understand psychosocial and economic impacts of female caregivers and families caring for children with a disability in Belu district, Indonesia. A qualitative inquiry employing one-on-one in-depth interviews was used to collect data from participants (n = 22). Data analysis was guided by a framework analysis for qualitative research. Social implications framework and the economic consequence of disease and injury framework were used to guide the conceptualisation, analysis and discussion of the findings. Findings indicated that female caregivers of children with a disability experienced significant psychosocial challenges. These included feeling frustrated, sad, angry, worried, inferior and insecure due to rejection of their children by other kids with no disability. Poor physical conditions of and negative labelling given to their children and the fear of what the future held for their children with a disability added yet another layer of psychosocial challenges experienced by these women. Separation or divorce and reduced social interaction and engagement in the community were expressed social impact loaded to these women resulting from poor acceptability of the children by their fathers, increased time spent caring and discriminatory and stigmatising attitudes against their children with a disability. The participants also experienced economic impacts, such as increased health and transport expenses, loss of jobs and productivity, and lack of savings. The findings indicate the need for programs and interventions addressing the needs of mothers or female caregivers and families with disabled children. Further studies with large number of participants covering mothers, fathers and caregivers to understand broader experiences and the need of caring for children with a disability are recommended.

Pemodelan Bencana Longsor Berbasis Spasial

Tanggamus Regency as one of the regencies in Lampung Province is also one of the areas to landslides. Most areas of Tanggamus Regency have the potential for disasters, especially in coastal areas, rivers and hilly areas. This study aims to create a spatial landslide disaster model in Ulu Belu District, Tanggamus Regency, Lampung Province. The method used is overlay and scoring with a spatial approach. The results showed that the level of landslide hazard in Ulu Belu District was divided into three, namely landslide areas with 11,736 ha or 11%. While areas that are to landslides are 81.319 ha or 77%. Then the high landslide area is 11,907 ha or 12%, and the village that has the highest area for high landslide criteria is in Gunung Tiga Village with an area of 1,930 ha. While the village with the highest area for medium landslide levels is Petay Kayu Village with an area of medium landslide areas is 4,803 ha. As for the area which has the highest area for medium landslide criteria is Sinar Galih Village with an area of 292 ha

Small-pelagic Small-pelagic fisheries management strategic using ecosystem approach at Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara

Study on small-pelagic fisheries in the border regions between Indonesia - Timor Leste has taken place in Belu District, East Nusa Tenggara. It was aimed to assess the status of small pelagic management and formulate the strategic and tactical steps for implementing sustainable fisheries management. The study site took place at four villages at the sub-district of Tasifeto Timur and Kakuluk Mesak. Data were collected through interview techniques, observation, and measurement of 30 indicators from six domains of EAFM, ecosystem approach to fisheries management, of which assessment of each indicator within each domain was conducted and presented into the flag model. Based on that results, tactical decisions and strategic planning were formulated. The results showed that small-pelagic fisheries management in Belu classified as a fairly medium category. Domain fish resources and fishing technology classified as a good category and domain habitat and ecosystem, social, economic and institution are classified as a medium category. To improve small-pelagic fisheries management in Belu District, several indicators are recommended for improvement in form of tactical and strategic management decisions

Peran Sumber Daya Pada Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Daerah Perbatasan Timor Leste

Economic growth is an important indicator of the success of development. The ability of resources is a determining factor driving economic growth. Belu Regency is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara Province, located on the Indonesia-Timor Leste border, has economic and political strategic value. Human resources, natural resources and the budget are the real sector of the economy in driving economic growth. The research objective was to analyze the effect of resources on the economic growth of Belu district. The study was conducted using secondary data and SmartPLS was the analysis tool. The results of the study, the relationship of natural resources directly with welfare is negative and will be positive when the indirect relationship through the budget. The direct and indirect relationship of human resources with welfare through the budget is positive, but the direct value relationship is smaller when compared to the indirect relationship. This shows that the budget that is formed from the wealth of natural resources and human resources is an important factor in creating public welfare as measured through economic growth. Budgets sourced from local and central government are increasing every year. The creation of the government and elements of society make the most of resources. The attention of the central government through balancing funds is very high. This is because Belu district located on the Indonesia-Timor Leste border is a macroeconomic picture of the border country

Ant Colony Optimization for Traveling Tourism Problem on Timor Island East Nusa Tenggara

Timor island consists of five districts and one city, namely Kupang District, South Central Timor District, North Central Timor, Belu District, Malaka District, and Kupang City. On the Timor island, it has natural tourist destinations, culinary tours, cultural and historical attractions most on the island of Timor. The Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) Algorithm is very unique compared to the other nearby search algorithm, this algorithm adopted because of Ant Colony who were looking for food from the nest to food sources by leaving a footprint called Pheromone. Mapping system algorithm using ant, tourist sites can show the shortest route between two points is desired. Ants algorithm proved to be applied in determining the optimum route, but still has the disadvantage of dependence on the parameter value is not maximized. From the test results based on parameters of the cycle and the number of ants affects the simulation time, for ant algorithm parameters. From the test results based on the parameters, α and β affects, number of node, the simulation time and the shortest distance varying toward the destination even if the starting location and ending on the same location.

The Implementation of Empowerment Program for Remote Indigenous Community in Maudemu Village, Lamaknen Subdistrict, Belu District

This research described the Implementation of Remote Indigenous Community Empowerment Program Policy in Maudemu Village, Lamaknen Subdistrict, Belu District. This qualitative research focused on investigating the; (1) Standards and policy objectives, (2) Implementation resources, (3) Communication between organizations and program enhancement, (4) Characteristics of the implementing agencies, (5) Disposition of implementers, (6) Environmental social, economic and political conditions. This research was conducted in Maudemu Village, Lamaknen Subdistrict, Belu District which location was selected using a purposive technique (based on certain considerations). Research data were in the forms of primary and secondary data collected through interviews, documentation and observation. The data were obtained from various data sources including from people, documents and events. The obtained data were then analyzed using a data analysis technique proposed by Bogdan & Biklen (in Moleong, 2001: 9). The results of this research showed that; (1) the main problems experienced by RIC residents in Maudemu Village, Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara were; (a) Limitations in meeting basic needs, including clothing, food and shelter; (b) Limitations in accessing various services provided by the government, including education, health, public administration, religious facilities and clean water services; (c) Inadequate mother and children welfare. (2) The implementation of the Empowerment Program for Remote Indigenous Community in the Maudemu village of Lamaknen sub-district could not meet the predetermined qualifications. However, some actions carried out have been appropriate to bring better changes, especially in improving the life and welfare of the remote indigenous communities. . Key Words: Implementation, Policy, Program, Empowerment, Village, Indigenous DOI : 10.7176/PPAR/9-12-09 Publication date: December 31 st 2019

PROFIL RENCANA KEBUTUHAN OBAT DI DINAS KESEHATAN PADA DAERAH TERTINGGAL, PERBATASAN DAN KEPULAUAN (STUDI DI KABUPATEN BELU NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR)

Drug Requirement Plan (DRP) is the basic consideration of providing drug availability in a remote area. Both types and the amount of drugs must be considered along with the drugs availability because the drugs presence is irreplaceable in health service. Therefore, drug management must be effective, efficient and in line with the needs of health services. The aim of this research is to know the profile of DRP and drug availability in remote areas. This research was conducted as descriptive research. Primary data were obtained through direct observation and conducting interview, secondary data from reviewing documents in the previous years, such as drug mutation report in IFK Belu, drug acceptance sheets as well as damaged and expired drug elimination report from 2015 until 2017. So far, DRP conducted in Belu District has been ineffective and inefficient, as observed from its drug availability which is at the very low level of “secure” category. This is due to the method used in drug requirement quantification, which has not been in accordance with the standard guidelines of DRP guidelines. One of factors affecting drug availability is the amount of drug accepted as the result of the procurement, which is not in accordance with the number discrepancy of demand and drug acceptance. There were even drugs that were not delivered at all. However, the fulfillment of DRP in accordance with the National Formulary has improved in 2015 (75,6%), in 2016 (90,7%), and in 2017 (90%). Method used in counting DRP has been ineffective and inefficient, due to nonconsistent and non-thorough implementation of the plan. One of factors causing the DRP ineffectivity is insufficient drug delivery which has not reached 100% of the amount written in the procurement. However, there is annual improvement in the implementation of National Formulary as the basic of drug selection.

Pengembangan ekonomi desa penghasil kopi melalui pemanfaatan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi di Kabupaten Belu

The research aimed to develop coffee-producing villages economic in Belu District through the use of science and technology in community. Various parties (R & D institutions, central and regional governments and villages) participated synergycally in increasing institutional capacity of farmer groups and BUMDes, introducting science and technology utilization, guiding as well as providing production and marketing facilities, equipment for processing coffee commodities (upstream and downstream), providing facilities and infrastructure to access and support agricultural production. Those interventions are expected could transforme coffee-producing village condition from lag behind to become developing villages.

Determinan Status Gizi Balita pada Keluarga Petani di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Halilulik Kabupaten Belu Tahun 2019

Toddlers are vulnerable groups that must be considered especially the fulfillment of nutritional intake. Balanced nutrition in infancy plays an important role in increasing human resources in the future, but malnutrition in infancy affects the growth and development of children's brains that are irreversible or unable to recover. The problem of malnutrition is still a major problem in Indonesia despite the many efforts and prevention programs that have been made. This study aims to analyze the determinant of toddler nutrition status in farmer's families in Halilulik Health Center Belu District in 2019. This research used an analytic survey with a cross-sectional design. The sample in this research were 94 toddlers who were in the Halilulik Health Center Community. Data analysis used was univariate analysis, bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis with chi-square and multiple logistic regression tests. The results of this research showed that the variables of mother's knowledge (ρ=0.032), level adequacy of energy (ρ = 0,000), level adequacy of protein (ρ=0,000) and history of infectious disease (ρ=0,002) have correlation with Toddler Nutrition Status, while families food processing habits (ρ=0,739) and families eating restrictions (ρ=0,617) did not have any correlation with Toddler Nutrition Status. The dominant factor that most influences the nutritional status of toddlers is the level adequacy of energy followed by the level adequacy of protein. Nutrition toddlers have less levels of energy and protein intake compared to toddlers with good nutritional status. Consumption of foods that are diverse and varied needs to be considered, especially foods that are sourced with energy, protein, and fat to reduce the problem of malnutrition in infants.

PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PENYELEKSIAN PENERIMA BANTUAN PERUMAHAN PADA KECAMATAN LASIOLAT KABUPATEN BELU

Based on the latest data from the Department of Population and Civil Registration in Belu Regency, the area of ??Belu Regency is 1,285 Km2, with a population of 229,561 people. From this data, Lasiolat District is one of the Districts in Belu District where there are still 299 uninhabitable houses and 1,360 housing units out of 1,659 families, with a total population of 7,171 people, an area of ??13,200 Km2. Therefore, the local government through the Department of Housing and Settlements provides housing assistance to deal with problems arising from the inability of low income people. However, Lasiolat District officials still have difficulty in selecting people who are entitled to get help. Because in the selection process it is still difficult to record the large number of people manually, it takes a long time because the local government through the Housing and Settlement Office only provides as many as 100 housing units. The limited housing assistance provided, the selection process for beneficiaries who are eligible for assistance, the Department checks the data of beneficiaries through the District officials to determine citizenship, income, land ownership, type of house, building and marital status. Errors in selecting beneficiaries can result in assistance being given to recipients who do not deserve assistance. Therefore we need a system that can be used to make selections with the main objective of overcoming the problems encountered in the selection process that is currently underway. In this research, an information system for selecting housing beneficiaries will be built using the Fuzzy AHP method. The system is built based on the website. The final result expected from this research is to be able to assist the Sub-district officials in selecting housing recipients correctly and appropriately.

The Role of Social Capital in the Development of Mauhalek Waterfall Ecotourism in Belu District, East Nusa Tenggara Province

The purpose of this research is to know the relationship and the role of social capital in supporting product and service of Mauhalek waterfall ecotourism. Phenomenology approach was chosen because it allow the researcher to identify a particular phenomenon, and requires the researcher to examine the subject by being directly involved in developing meaningful patterns and relationships. In the context of the research to be studied, the main focus of this research is the norms, beliefs, networks, products, and services of Mauhalek waterfall. From the research results, it can be concluded that there are various custom rules in maintaining Mauhalek waterfall which still exists until now, one of them is ukum Badu (prohibition of cutting the tree and taking fruit that existing around the Mauhalek forest). The high belief in myths and rules makes the sustainability of Mauhalek waterfall is still maintained until now. The beauty and authenticity of natural resources and culture of Mauhalek waterfall make it as a good tourist product to be offered to the visitor. Keywords : Mauhalek waterfall, social capital, sustainable tourism.

Partnership Program on Bali Cattle Fattening Based on Local Resources in the Suboptimal Land Area of Nusa Tenggara Timur

Bali cattle is one of the Indonesian germplasm that well adapted to suboptimal areas including East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). Difficulties in accessing capital became one of the factors that hamper effort the development of Bali cattle in larger scale. One alternative to access capital is through partnership model of Bali cattle fattening based on local resources. Partnership model of Bali cattle fattening was intiated by village cooperative centre (<em>pusat koperasi unit desa</em> =PUSKUD) since 2002 in Kupang District, South Central Timor District, North Central Timor District, and Belu District. Profit sharing in this program is 70% for farmers and 30% for PUSKUD NTT. The partnership program has been performing well and growing rapidly. On the other hand, some problems occurred such as cattle death and forced sale due to lack of feed, especially during dry season. In its development, the partnership model has resulted in empowering farmers through increasing income and employment.

The aqueous extract of Gerrardanthus macrorhizus caudex enhanced doxorubicin activity in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells

Gerrardanthus macrorhizus (GM) caudex, is traditionally used in cancer therapy by the Tetun people in Belu District, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, where it is known as “akar batu”. This study aimed to explore the cytotoxic effects of G. macrorhizus caudex aqueous extract, as well as its combination with doxorubicin, on MCF-7 cells. Also investigated were the possible mechanisms of interaction through cell cycle progression and apoptosis induction. Single treatments of 5–320 µg/mL of the extract showed morphological alterations in MCF-7 cells, but did not show any cytotoxic effect. Combining the extract with doxorubicin resulted in a synergistic cytotoxic effect. Doxorubicin concentrations equivalent to 1/12, 1/8, and 1/5 fold of the IC50 combined with 20 µg/mL decreased viability to 48%. We then explored the combination effect of doxorubicin 0.4 µM with GM 5 and 20 µg/mL using a flow cytometer. A low concentration of the extract (5 µg/mL) combined with 0.4 µM of doxorubicin resulted in slight cell cycle modulation by G1, G2M arrested and apoptosis induction. The combination of doxorubicin and a higher concentration of the extract (20 µg/mL) did not show cell cycle modulation, and led to necrosis. Therefore, G. macrorhizus caudex at low concentrations has the potential to be developed further as a co-chemotherapeutic agent.

Short Communication: The tolerance level of local sorghum genotypes from Sabu-Raijua and Belu Districts, Indonesia to saline soil

Benggu YI, Nguru ESO. 2018. The tolerance level of local sorghum genotypes from Sabu-Raijua and Belu Districts, Indonesia to saline soil. Trop Drylands 2: 1-4. A study aimed to determine the level of tolerance of local sorghum from Sabu-Raijua and Belu Districts to saline soil had been conducted in the experimental field and soil chemistry laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Nusa Cendana, from June to October 2016. The study was designed in a factorial treatment design laid out in a completely randomized design with 15 treatments and three replications. The first factor was the variety of sorghum, consisting of three levels: local sorghum from Sabu-Raijua, local sorghum from Belu, Numbu variety. The second factor was the salinity levels of Vertisol, composed of five levels, i.e., 0, 6, 8, 10 and 12 mmos.cm-1. Variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, flowering date, and seed dry weight. Analysis of variance was conducted followed by Tukey test (5%). The result showed that there was an interaction effect between sorghum variety and salinity level of soil on all variables observed. In general, all varieties of sorghum grew normally with soil salinity level ranged from 0 to 8 mmos.cm-1. At salinity level of 8 to 12 mmos.cm-1, seedlings grew for a few weeks then gradually wilted and died. Local sorghum from Belu and Numbu variety were semi or moderate tolerant to salinity while local sorghum from Sabu-Raijua was sensitive.

Barriers to HIV testing among male clients of female sex workers in Indonesia

BackgroundFrequent engagement of men in sexual encounters with female sex workers (FSWs) without using condoms places them at a high risk for HIV infection. HIV testing has been noted to be among important strategies to prevent HIV transmission and acquisition. However, it is known that not all men willingly undertake an HIV test as a way to prevent HIV transmission and/or acquisition. This study aimed to identify barriers to accessing HIV testing services among men who are clients of FSWs (clients) in Belu and Malaka districts, Indonesia.MethodsA qualitative inquiry employing face to face open ended interviews was conducted from January to April 2017. The participants (n = 42) were clients of FSWs recruited using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Data were analysed using a qualitative data analysis framework.ResultsFindings indicated three main barriers of accessing HIV testing services by clients. These included: (1) personal barriers (lack of knowledge of HIV/AIDS and HIV testing availability, and unwillingness to undergo HIV testing due to low self-perceived risk of HIV and fear of the test result); (2) health care service provision barriers (lack of trust in health professionals and limited availability of medication including antiretroviral (ARV)); and (3) social barriers (stigma and discrimination, and the lack of social supports).ConclusionsThese findings indicated multilevelled barriers to accessing HIV testing services among participants, who are known to be among key population groups in HIV care. Actions to improve HIV/AIDS-related health services accessibility are required. The dissemination of the knowledge and information on HIV/AIDS and improved available of HIV/AIDS-related services are necessary actions to improve the personal levelled barriers. System wide barriers will need improved practices and health policies to provide patients friendly and accessible services. The societal levelled barriers will need a more broad societal approach including raising awareness in the community and enhanced discussions about HIV/AIDS issues in order to normalise HIV in the society.

PENDUGAAN EROSI DAN NERACA AIR EMBUNG DI WILAYAH PERBATASAN KABUPATEN BELU NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

Embung as a man made water reservoir is one of methods to overcome the water shortage in the border area, Belu District, East Nusa Tenggara Province. A number of 27 embungs were built by Regional Government in this area. Embung water and environment management is the main problem to sustain water resource. The research to inventory and identify of vegetation, to predict erosion, to monitor water balance, and to optimize water utilization were conducted, in 2005-2008. The research was undertaken in Embung Leosama. Methods were survey, observation, monitoring and analysis. Results were: (1). There were 7 species and 90 individual number of tree; (2). Prediction of erosion was 97.383 ton/ha/year; (3). Water depth as indicator of embung water balance was decrease due to a little rainfall volume in rainy season 2006/2007; but it was increase in 2007/2008; (4). Embung water can be optimized for drinking cattle, horticulture, nursery and regreening irrigation.Key Words: embung, erosion, water balance.

The Study of Hamis Batar as Local Wisdom af Manehitu Fafiur Tribe in Belu District, NTT in The Conservation Perspectives of Natural Resources and Environment

This research presents the result: 1). The implementation of Hamis Batar’s local wisdom of Manehitu Fafiur tribe, Belu district, NTT, 2). The local wisdom in the natural resources conservation and environment in Belu district, NTT. This qualitative research is using grounded research approach. The data collections were collected by doing observation, documentation, and interview. The qualitative analysis data were collected by data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of the study showed that the Hamis Batar ceremony held three stages namely preparation of land, planting, and the Hamis Batar ceremony at home chief tribe of Manehitu Fafitur. Manehitu Fafiur tribe is still very dependent on nature and maintain the balance of nature.