Belief In Ability Research Articles

Barriers and Predictors of Lyme Disease Vaccine Acceptance: A Cross-Sectional Study in Poland.

Lyme disease (LD) is a major public health problem in Europe and the United States, with increasing incidence and not many prevention options. Vaccine hesitancy might be a significant barrier to successful vaccination campaigns having in mind previous vaccine development failures. This study aimed to evaluate the public's perception of LD vaccination in Poland, assess willingness to vaccinate, and identify factors influencing vaccination attitudes. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among parents of children hospitalized at the University Children's Hospital in Bialystok, Poland. The survey consisted of 29 questions regarding demographics, LD knowledge, vaccine attitudes, and perceived risks. Data were collected between January and December 2023 and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to identify predictors of respondents' positive vaccination attitudes. A total of 503 valid responses were analyzed. Most respondents (72.4%) showed positive attitudes towards vaccination, while 18.5% were neutral and 9.1% were negative. Trust in health experts emerged as an important predictor of vaccination acceptance (OR 22.84; p < 0.001). More than 80% of participants recognized an LD vaccine as necessary, and 64.21% believed it would reduce their concerns about LD. Willingness to vaccinate was influenced by general positive vaccine attitudes, recognized danger of LD, and belief in the vaccine's ability to ease fears. Notably, 40.8% of respondents were uncertain about vaccine risks, with this group tending to be younger, less educated, and expressing lower trust in medical professionals. Public perception of LD in Poland indicates a high acceptance of a potential LD vaccine. Still, addressing vaccine hesitancy remains critical, particularly among undecided or neutral respondents. Building trust in healthcare professionals and addressing safety worries are important to increasing future LD vaccine use.

문제중심학습(PBL) 기반 유아음악교육이 예비유아교사의 음악교수 내용지식과 음악교수 효능감에 미치는 효과

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of early childhood music education based on problem-based learning(PBL) on the music teaching content knowledge and efficacy of pre-service early childhood teachers. Methods For this purpose, the study selected 25 freshmen in the Department of Early Childhood Education at U University in I City and 23 freshmen in the Department of Early Childhood Education at H University in G City in Chungnam Province among the students who took an “early childhood music education” course as their major elective. While the experiment group participated in an early childhood music education program based on PBL, the comparison group took common lecture-style lessons focused on the same teaching materials as the experiment group and participated in workshops and discussion activities. The experiment was conducted for 15 weeks from September 4 to December 14, 2023. Data was analyzed with the SPSS 22.0 program in a t-test for differences between the two groups. Results First, early childhood music education based on PBL had positive effects on the subelements of pre- service early childhood teachers' knowledge about music teaching content including knowledge about the music curriculums, knowledge about the content of the music subject, knowledge about the music teaching-learning methods, and knowledge about the music teaching environment. Secondly, early childhood music education based on PBL also had positive effects on the subelements of pre-service early childhood teachers' music teaching efficacy including expectations for results and belief in music teaching ability. These findings show that early childhood music education based on PBL is effective for promoting pre-service early childhood teachers' knowledge about music teaching content and music teaching efficacy. Conclusions The present study developed and applied an early childhood music education program based on PBL to promote the music teaching ability of pre-service early childhood teachers, proposed a direction for early childhood music education to them, and facilitated their music teaching ability, contributing to the substantialization of music education in the future.

Perceptions of Provider Inquiry Regarding Housing Status Among Pregnant Women Experiencing Housing Instability.

To explore and describe perceptions of provider inquiry regarding housing status among pregnant women experiencing housing instability. Secondary qualitative analysis using analytic expansion. In-person and online interviews in the Mid-Atlantic and Washington, DC, region. English-speaking women who were pregnant or gave birth within the past year, were 18 years or older, and were experiencing housing instability (N= 14). We undertook a secondary analysis of primary data collected via semistructured interviews in the mid-Atlantic and Washington, DC, region between February 2020 and December 2021. These data were part of a primary study in which we explored the effect of housing and health during pregnancy and the postpartum period, barriers and facilitators to health care, and social support. In this secondary analysis, we used reflexive thematic analyses to interpret interpretations and discover themes. Fourteen participants answered the question regarding provider inquiry. Nine participants (64%) expressed no inquiry about their housing status and reported that visits were too short or focused more on fetal health. Many participants shared that they received limited provider support with housing challenges. Disclosing housing status depended on the patient-provider relationship and belief in the provider's ability to help and support. Three overarching themes emerged: Provider Inquiry About Housing, The Value of Relationships, and Improving Access to Housing Support and Services. The current service delivery model for pregnant women does not adequately address social determinants of health. Future researchers should focus on the intersection of pregnancy and housing instability to determine whether restructuring of policy and practice is needed. Nurse-midwives and other maternity care providers can be key points of contact in facilitating housing support for pregnant women with unstable housing status.

Ability beliefs and intrinsic motivation: Predictors in computational-thinking and inquiry-based pedagogies for critical skills

ABSTRACT Associations among self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, and instructional methodologies fundamentally determine the success of skill acquisition within educational frameworks. This study assessed the impact of inquiry-based and computational thinking pedagogies on the outcomes among 132 students from two universities in Enugu State. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design using five instruments to assess students’ experiences. Hierarchical Multiple Regression and 5000 re-samples BC bootstrapping via the PROCESS macro were employed to test hypotheses and examine the relationship between student engagement and achievement. The study found that inquiry-based and computational thinking pedagogies improved achievement and retention, with ability, belief and intrinsic motivation as mediators. This study contributed to extant literature by integrating the mediators into computational thinking and inquiry-based learning, presenting a groundbreaking framework that enhances critical skills acquisition in Nigerian universities. The study recommended integrating these methods into Nigerian university frameworks to enhance students’ academic achievement, retention, and critical skills acquisition.

Non-optimal cognitive offloading in schizophrenia in a prospective memory task: Influence of both metacognitive beliefs and cognitive effort avoidance.

Cognitive offloading refers to the use of physical action and the external environment to simplify mental demand. One form of this-intention offloading-involves the use of external reminders to support delayed intentions. Both beliefs of poor memory ability and a preference to avoid cognitive effort lead to offloading intentions rather than using internal memory. Schizophrenia is a population with deficits in prospective memory and to overcome this difficulty, neuropsychological interventions can propose external aids such as reminders. However, it is unknown what motivates individuals with schizophrenia to spontaneously use reminders. Twenty-seven individuals with schizophrenia and twenty-seven non-clinical individuals were recruited to perform a prospective memory task, with two levels of difficulty, by deciding whether to use reminders or their internal memory. The proportion of reminder use, performance (hits and errors), subjective effort and metacognitive beliefs were recorded. The results show a non-optimal use of reminders in the schizophrenia group: this group used more reminders than the non-clinical group when the task was easy but did not increase reminder usage when the task became more difficult. Individuals with schizophrenia perceived the task to be more effortful than the non-clinical individuals in the easy task, but also had a high estimation of their memory ability. Reminder usage in schizophrenia is atypical and non-optimal. This may relate to effort and metacognition but the direct influence of these factors remains to be demonstrated. The overall results open perspectives on the neuropsychological treatment of prospective memory in this population.

Influence of track placement and teachers' perceptions of children's academic schoolwork skills on the development of children's motivational self-beliefs and achievement

In this study, we analyzed longitudinal data from 1065 Finnish elementary school students to examine how teachers' perceptions of students' academic schoolwork skills and track placement influence children's motivational self-beliefs and achievement. Our findings indicate, that teachers' perceptions of students, which varied notably based on the students' gender, their mothers' education level, and their class types, significantly affected children's motivation and achievement. Teachers viewed girls, children of more educated mothers, and students in classes with a special emphasis more positively. Moreover, studying in a class with a special emphasis was associated with more positive developments in achievement and ability beliefs.

“Only some can succeed here”: A mixed methods study of how faculty unproductive mindsets relate to gender, racial, and first-gen representation in higher education

Gender, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities pervade academia. Though there are a wealth of established reasons for these gaps, recent research has begun to examine how faculty beliefs contribute to representation outcomes for groups stereotyped as lacking intelligence. Extending prior research and using a sequential explanatory mixed methods approach, the present study investigates how field-specific ability beliefs (beliefs about the importance of brilliance) and fixed mindsets (beliefs about the immutability of intelligence) relate to the representation of women, racial/ethnic minorities, and first-generation students at various levels of academia. In the quantitative phase with 1,025 faculty from 83 departments, self-reported beliefs exhibited negative correlations with representation outcomes in the small to very large range (−.16 > r’s > -0.44). Qualitative findings, however, suggest a more complicated relationship. Focus group data from undergraduate and graduate students in two departments differing in faculty beliefs (N = 32), suggested that both explicit and implicit messages from professors, peers, and the learning environment are important contributors to students’ experiences, beliefs, and decisions. The findings call for more intentional considerations, both in research and in practice, of the messages students receive from the environments in which they learn.

'I Do Not Want to Share My Pain With Anyone'-Coping With the Invisible Burden. A Qualitative Description of the Lived Experiences of Individuals With Rotator Cuff Related Shoulder Pain in an Indian Setting.

Rotator cuff related shoulder pain (RCRSP) significantly impacts the physical, and psychosocial well-being of an individual. While studies of lived experiences with shoulder pain were conducted in Western (developed countries) contexts, understanding such experiences in low-to middle-income countries such as India remains limited. This study explores and describes the lived experiences of individuals with RCRSP in Indian settings. A phenomenological approach explored the lived experience of individuals with RCRSP in South India. Ten participants with RCRSP (7 men and 3 women) with mean duration of symptoms ranging between 3 and 24months were interviewed individually using a semi-structured guide with inductive thematic analysis. Participants also completed the Disabilities of the Shoulder Arm and Hand (DASH) questionnaire for upper limb function. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Three themes that emerged from the interviews were 'The multidimensional burden of RCRSP', 'Navigating the treatment journey between trust and uncertainties', and 'Pathway of healing: Coping with the invisible burden'. Shoulder pain significantly impacted activities, family, and volunteering roles. The majority of the suffering and expression of pain were hidden and influenced by cultural and societal norms. There was a strong belief in the body's ability to heal and acceptance of Eastern and Western treatment approaches. The findings highlight the need for a holistic management strategy that effectively addresses physical impairments, psychosocial support, and cultural beliefs to manage RCRSP in such settings.

A Study on Technology Integration Practices in Arts Instructors: Exploring the Mediating role of Value and Ability Beliefs

Teachers are the crux of every developing mind of newly blooming pupils in the education institutes and it is a universal factor in the learning process of every nature or aspect of study. Nowadays, the use of innovative technologies has become an essential practice in learning and teaching systems of every subject including art studies which indicates the constant incorporation of technology in instructional communication and reflects an advancement in the teaching process. Quantitative research design was implemented to assess the cause-and-effect relationship among variables. Primary data was collected through the survey strategy and a close-ended questions comprised questionnaire was designed. The researcher disbursed 350 questionnaires and finalized 331 questionnaires for the data analysis. The study encountered significant results for all synthesized associations except for the mediating role of ability beliefs. The present result hold numerous theoretical and practical implications. This study extends the growing body of literature regarding technology integration practices through the professional development, ICT knowledge and technical assistance. However, the study also provides practical implications as beneficial insights can be provided through which professional development can be fostered through technology integration practices. Research limitations and future indications have also been explained to increase the generalizability of this research.

The ideal L2 self versus ability beliefs: are they really distinct?

ABSTRACT The validity of the standard ideal L2 self scale has increasingly been called into question. This paper reports both quantitative and qualitative investigations into whether the ideal L2 self items tap into the intended construct of an actual–ideal discrepancy. Study 1 involved an experimental approach manipulating the items to explicitly refer to ability beliefs. Data from 1,362 participants across three countries (Austria, China, and Saudi Arabia) showed a lack of discriminant validity between original and manipulated items. Study 2 used cognitive interviewing to examine the thought processes of 24 Japanese university students as they responded to ideal L2 self items. Thematic analysis revealed that responses were dominated by reflections on current ability and expectations about using the language in specific situations, rather than envisioning an idealised future self. The findings of Studies 1 and 2 converge to indicate that the standard ideal L2 self scale does not successfully operationalise the intended theoretical construct of actual–ideal self discrepancies. Instead, responses are mostly driven by beliefs about ability to achieve the states described in each item. The results therefore challenge the validity of this widely-used scale, calling for a reinterpretation of its findings in the L2 Motivational Self System literature.

Conceptualizing the Digital Pedagogy in Arts Higher Education: Examining the Roles of Training, Technology Support, and Teacher Mindsets

In this concept paper, the propositions for incorporating professional development, ICT awareness, and technical support to introduce technology incorporation practices among College of Arts instructors are discussed. Drawing from past research in practice, this study’s conceptual framework posits value and ability beliefs as the mediators of technology integration practices. This research establishes professional development, ICT knowledge, and technical assistance as determinants of technology integration practices for learning in the study and looks at the value and ability beliefs and their impact on the instructors’ decision to integrate technology into the teaching practice. This work contributes to the generation of practical and theoretical knowledge for designing effective technology integration in arts education practices, underscoring the centrality of the multipronged perspectives of instructors’ belief, content, and practice knowing. In this case, this study seeks to improve the quality of arts education and better prepare College of Arts students for the job market of the still-growing technology focused era by raising the level of preparedness for integrating technology into lessons of the College of Arts instructors.

Rethinking entrepreneurial competencies: A gender-focused analysis of students’ perceived competencies

This study addresses a research gap in understanding the gender dimensions of perceived entrepreneurial competencies among undergraduate and MBA entrepreneurship students. It aims to unravel the underlying abilities shaping these competencies and explore potential gender variations in perceptions, ultimately contributing to the enhancement of entrepreneurship courses.The research uses quantitative and qualitative methods to gather data from students who participated in entrepreneurship courses over four years. A competency survey, rooted in Morris et al.'s framework, captures self-assessments of entrepreneurial competencies. The study complements these quantitative findings with a systematic analysis of students' self-reflections, providing a comprehensive understanding of perceived competencies and potential gender differences.The research identifies specific entrepreneurial competencies—opportunity recognition and conveying a compelling vision—and their underlying abilities perceived as crucial by male and female students. It explores the extent to which gender influences these perceptions. The dual-method approach enriches insights, offering a nuanced understanding of how competencies are perceived and varying influences based on gender.This research uniquely explores the intricate dynamics of perceived entrepreneurial competencies, taking gender variations into account. It contributes to entrepreneurship course design and assessment, fostering students’ belief in entrepreneurial abilities and significantly contributing to self-concept development.

Intellectual Humility: What Shapes Its Expression and Interventions for Its Promotion

Intellectual humility is the belief that one can be intellectually limited and fallible. It is widely found that intellectual humility expression can benefit the learning process and improve education outcomes. Under a metacognitive frame, contemporary theories on Field-specific Ability Belief (FAB) argue that what one believes in the necessary "ingredients" for success decidedly affects how the external and internal factors shape the expression of intellectual humility. The versatile nature of FABs has also proven interventions effective in promoting intellectual humility expression. Recent attempts to help students through forestart programs in embracing a growth mindset have concluded successful. Longitudinal data meta-analyses have also offered empirical support addressing the necessity of refining current education for more voluntary intellectual humility expression. The findings in this paper suggest a very promising field for future studies fostering broad education improvements.

The Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility and Consumers’ Purchase Intention with the Intermediary Variable of Altruistic Attribution

With the rapid development of the current market economy of China, corporate social responsibility had gradually begun to be taken into one of the factors that determine their purchase intention for the consumers when they purchased the products. At present, most of the researchers were about exploring the impact of corporate social responsibility on the final behaviour of the consumers, but the internal mechanism of corporate social responsibility that affected the behaviour of consumers was relatively rare. Based on the attribution theory, the mediation model with moderation to study its internal mechanism had been constructed in this research, also the methods of questionnaire survey were used to the empirical test for the conceptual model in this research. The results of the study showed that the corporate social responsibility had a direct positive impact on the purchase intention of the consumers, also it had an indirect positive impact on the purchase intention of consumers that through the altruistic attribution; The perceived effectiveness of consumer would positively regulate the influence of the corporate social responsibility on altruistic attribution; while the corporate social responsibility-corporate ability beliefs would negatively affect the relationship between altruistic attribution and purchase intention of consumers. Finally, the suggestions had been put forward for the results obtained by the survey in this research, which could be taken as reference for the academic community and the industry.

Ultrasound‐assisted extraction of yerba mate leaves for the development of active additives in sports nutrition products

AbstractThis study aimed to develop yerba mate extracts (YME, Ilex paraguariensis) as active ingredients for a UVC‐light‐preserved (892 mJ/cm2; 50°C) sports drink (SD) and the sports gel derived from it (SG). Aqueous ultrasound‐assisted extractions (US; 20 KHz, 750 W) of yerba mate leaves were performed at varying temperatures (T: 20, 40, and 50 °C) and acoustic energy densities (AED: 0, .11, and .23 W/mL). Total polyphenol (TPC) extraction kinetics were characterized using the Spiro and Jago, Linares, and Peleg models. The Spiro and Jago model accurately described the extraction kinetic curves. An empirical correlation was found between its rate constant and the variables T and AED, reaching its maximum value at 50°C–.23 W/mL, with no further TPC extraction beyond 4 minutes (4.20 g GAE/L). For comparison purposes, the conditions 20°C/.23 W/mL/7 min (3.33 g GAE/L) and 100°C/0 W/mL/5 min (control) were also structurally and physiochemically compared. During the extraction, intraparticle diffusion was one of the major mechanisms limiting the extraction rate. With AED and T, the intraparticle coefficient increased significantly. The US‐assisted process generated extracts with greater wettability, hygroscopicity, more natural color, and similar content of relevant xanthin alkaloids and polyphenols, compared to the control. SEM micrographs revealed that the US‐assisted extract's porosity increased with AED and T. The UV‐C processing of SD was successfully validated through microbial challenge assays. YME (20°C/.23 W/mL/7 min) addition turned SD and SG greener and raised their flavonoid content (SD: 5.2‐fold and SG: 19.6‐fold) and TPC (SD: 5.5‐fold and SG: 5.3‐fold). The DPPH and ABTS total antioxidant activity for SD and SG increased by 3.1–3.4‐fold and 16.8–57.9‐fold, respectively. SD‐YM and SG‐YM were well‐accepted and described in a consumer field test. The developed YMEs can be a natural source of xanthine alkaloids and polyphenols, thereby replacing the synthetic additives typically employed in sports nutrition products.Practical applicationsThe growing consumer belief in natural extracts' ability to promote health and wellness is driving the global market for botanical extracts. Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St Hill) is a healthier alternative to coffee and tea, with higher antioxidant capacity and proven health benefits. The proposed extraction method eliminates the need for high temperature and prolonged treatments, preserving the nutritional value of yerba mate leaves. Furthermore, it eliminates waste generation, perfectly aligning with sustainable practices. The optimized US‐assisted extraction resulted in high‐quality physicochemical extracts with significant functional activity. Amateur athletes are increasingly looking for products to enhance their performance that are both natural and effective. In this context, the developed extracts can serve as natural additives for sports nutrition products, which typically include synthetic caffeine and other compounds aimed at enhancing alertness, arousal, and energy.

The structure of ability beliefs in EFL classrooms: A cross-theoretical analysis bridging self-efficacy and perceived competence needs satisfaction

Theoretical parsimony represents one avenue forward for the study of positive psychology in language education. This study examined two well-recognized but interconnected concepts in the context of second language classrooms: academic self-efficacy rooted in Social Cognitive Theory and competence need satisfaction derived from Self Determination Theory. The investigation sought to show the distinctions and intersections in these constructs, underscoring the necessity for empirical scrutiny to establish their coherent definitions. We aim to present both concepts within a unified framework in order to facilitate a meaningful connection between the two theories. A sample comprising 181 students attending a private junior-high school in urban Japan participated in this study by completing widely used scales measuring self-efficacy and perceived competence. The research employed conventional independent cluster confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), bifactor-CFA, bifactor-ESEM, and the S-1 model for comparative analysis. Among these, the S-1 model emerged as the most theoretically sound model with a good fit and absence of anomalies. Furthermore, the factor representing global perceived competence needs satisfaction exhibited a strong association with students’ later academic achievements. These results indicate the potential cross-theoretical nature of competence beliefs and carry implications for both theory and practice in the psychology of language learning.

What factors are associated with infant hearing aid use? A parent survey using the Theoretical Domains Framework

Objective Hearing aid use is lowest in 0–3-year-olds with hearing loss, placing spoken language development at risk. Existing interventions lack effectiveness and are typically not based on a theoretically driven, comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing infant hearing aid use. The present study is the first to address this gap in understanding. Design and Study Sample A 55-item online survey based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) was completed by 56 parents of 0–3-year-old hearing aid users. Results Participants reported a wide range of barriers across TDF domains, which were associated with parent-reported hearing aid use and more pronounced in parents of lower hearing aid users. The most strongly reported domains across participants were “emotion” (e.g. feelings of worry when using hearing aids), “beliefs about capabilities” (e.g. belief in ability to use hearing aids consistently), and “environmental context and resources” (e.g. child removing hearing aids). Conclusions Parents report a wider range of barriers to infant hearing aid use than existing investigations suggest and current interventions address. Interventions would benefit from: (i) targeting a wider range of TDF domains in their design; and (ii) implementing the present TDF survey to identify and target family-specific barriers to infant hearing aid use.

A secondary analysis of three types of social support in relation to self-efficacy, disease impact, and depression in fibromyalgia

ObjectiveFibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain condition associated with depression. However, self-efficacy (belief in own ability to manage symptoms) and social support may be protective. This study tested three types of social support (emotional, tangible, and instrumental) for moderation of the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between FM impact and depression over time. MethodsSix hundred participants with FM were randomly assigned to no intervention, social support group, or combined self-management and social support. The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire, FM-modified Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale, and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression surveys were administered at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months. There were no significant intervention effects on the variables of interest, however, participants' scores were used to assess four longitudinal models. ResultsSelf-efficacy showed mediation both between (b = 0.104, p < .001, 95% CI = [0.071, 0.137]) and within (b = 0.89, p < .001, 95% CI = [0.073, 0.106]) individuals. Only tangible support demonstrated moderation of the relationship between FM impact and self-efficacy, and only between individuals (b = 0.154, p = .022, 95% CI = [0.022, 0.287]). ConclusionThe results indicated that self-efficacy attenuated a portion of the effect of FM impact on depression over time. Additionally, higher levels of tangible support (the belief that your social network can provide you with assistance) were related to weaker influence of FM impact on self-efficacy over time. These factors may be important targets for the prevention of depression in people with FM.

Diet quality and associations with motivation and ability to consume a healthy diet among adolescents from urban low-income households in Bangladesh

In low- and middle-income countries, particularly in urban areas, adolescent diets consist mainly of energy-dense and nutrient-poor foods, putting them at risk of malnutrition and non-communicable diseases (NCD). In Bangladesh, little is known about the diet quality of adolescents, their food choices and the drivers of such choices. This study assessed motivations and ability to consume a healthy diet among adolescent girls and boys from low-income urban families and how these drivers were associated with dietary diversity and diet quality. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 299 adolescents (15–19 years) from low-income households in Dhaka city during September–October 2020. The Diet Quality Questionnaire was used to collect non-quantitative food intake in the previous day or night to calculate diet quality indicators of food group diversity score, % of adolescents achieving minimum dietary diversity, NCD-Protect and NCD-Risk and the Global Dietary Recommendations score. Motivation was measured by 11 food choice motives. Ability was measured by belief in own ability to engage in healthy eating behaviors (self-efficacy). Adolescent diets showed a mean food group diversity of 4.9 out of 10, with 60% of adolescents achieving minimum dietary diversity, but lacked health-promoting foods (average of 2.7 out of 9 food groups) yet included few foods to avoid and limit (1.6 out of 9). Adolescents valued food choice motive ‘safety' the most, followed by ‘health', ‘taste', ‘price', ‘convenience' and ‘local or seasonal'. A higher motivation to consume ‘local or seasonal' and a lower motivation driven by ‘price', and a higher perceived self-efficacy were associated with better diet quality. Future interventions should address self-efficacy, concerns about food price and increase local and seasonal foods availability in the urban poor food environment of Dhaka to improve overall diet quality.

The impact of personality and self-efficacy on domain modeling productivity in graphical and textual notations

ContextSoftware development is a complex and human-intensive activity, where human factors can have a significant impact on productivity and quality of results. To address the complexity of software, domain modeling has gained much importance, mainly due to software methodologies such as Model-Driven Engineering and Domain-Driven Design. In particular, domain modeling is an essential task that allows developers to understand and effectively represent the problem domain. However, domain modeling productivity can be affected by several human factors, including developers' personality and self-efficacy. ObjectiveThe study aims to explore the influence of human factors, specifically developers' personality and self-efficacy, on domain modeling productivity in graphical and textual notations. MethodAn empirical controlled study was conducted with 134 third-year computer science students from the University of Alicante, guided by the definition of a theoretical model based on previous studies. The participants were tasked with creating domain models in both graphical and textual notations. The order in which the notations were used was randomized, and the participants were given different system specifications to model. After modeling, 98 participants completed questionnaires assessing their personality, self-efficacy, and notation satisfaction. The design and evaluation of the experiment employed the Goal, Question, and Metrics framework. Data analysis was performed using a stepwise selection method to select the most appropriate regression model. ResultsThe study indicates that personality and self-efficacy have a significant impact on the performance of junior domain model developers. Specifically, it was discovered that while neuroticism had a negative impact on efficiency in both notations, developers' ability belief and use of graphical notation had a positive influence on effectiveness and efficiency in creating domain models. ConclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of considering human factors and notation choice in software development. Developers' personality and self-efficacy emerge as critical considerations for enhancing both productivity and quality in domain modeling.