Belarusian Scientists Research Articles

АНАЛІЗ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ДУМКИ У РОЗРІЗІ ПЕРЕДУМОВ РОЗВИТКУ КЛАСТЕРНИХ ФОРМУВАНЬ У ПРАЦЯХ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ, БІЛОРУСЬКИХ ТА РОСІЙСЬКИХ ВЧЕНИХ

Historiography the concept of clusters in the evolution of Economic Thought has been formed for many years. A significant contribution to the development of the concept of cluster was made by foreign and domestic scientists. The article considers scientific works of Ukrainian, Russian and Belarusian scientists, in particular: N.Y. Kalyuzhnova, I.V. Pilipenko, T.O. Kuznetsova, A.A. Tashkinov, M.V. Gryazev, S.A. Vasin, O.Y. Shakhov, Y.А. Sidelnikov, L.V. Dmitriev, G.A. Vinokurov, G.A. Yashev, V.K. Shcherbin, S.A. Vidimov, V.F. Bainev, N.I. Bogdan, S.G. Galuzova and others. For example, N. Kalyuzhnova and I. Pilipenko in their monographs reveal the aspect of cluster functioning, in particular, paying attention to the aspect of geographical agglomeration of firms operating in one or more similar sectors of the national economy. O. Voronov and O. Buryak consider the cluster as an ordered, relatively stable set of specialized enterprises that produce competitive products, taking into account the territorial localization of the economic sector. V.K. Shcherbin defines innovation clusters as complexes of enterprises (industrial companies, research centers, scientific institutions), public administration bodies, trade unions, public organizations based on the territorial concentration of networks of specialized suppliers, main producers and consumers connected by a technological chain. Based on the research conducted by the author, the author gave his own definition of the concept of «regional cluster», which is considered as a set of enterprises of related industries, the key role in the formation of which is played by the resource, historical and economic potential of a particular region. We also carried out a theoretical and methodological analysis of the formation of regional clusters in the context of sustainable development of territories, based on matrix analysis methods. The contribution of Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian scientists to the theory of cluster economic development was systematized by author, and key features of research were highlighted. The main aspects of the formation of regional clusters are considered, which made it possible to identify the main features of their functioning. The author’s hypothesis was put forward regarding the influence of system, process and situational approaches on the activity of clusters. The analysis made it possible to systematize the impact of the above-mentioned approaches on the activity of clusters depending on the stage of the life cycle. The stages of cluster formation, structural and functional intracluster connections based on process, system and situational approaches are studied, and approaches to the formation of cluster classification features are analyzed.

Migration patterns of scientific personnel in Belarus and Russia

The paper presents an approach to studying cross-border mobility of scientists basedon the analysis of bibliometric information. The initial information was compiled by publications of Belarusian and Russian scientists in journals indexed by the Web of Science database. The basic hypothesis of the study is based on the assumption that if a scientist hasbeen published for several years as an employee of the domestic (i.e. Belarusian, Russian)organizations, and then had an affiliation with foreign institutions, then it has signs of migra-tion abroad and carries out scientific activities outside of Belarus/Russia. For the Republicof Belarus, all areas of science are considered without restrictions; migration activity of Russian scientists is analyzed in mathematical and social sciences. The results of applying the bibliometric approach made it possible to form five patterns of scientific personnel migration. For example, Belarusian scientists are mostly characterized by pendulum migration and episodic contacts, to a lesser extent – traditional migration; forRussian scientists in the field of mathematical and social Sciences – circular and irrevocablemigration. In addition, during the reviewed time interval (from 2008 to 2019), no large-scale“brain drain” was detected from both Belarus and Russia.

Орошение дождеванием сенокосно-пастбищной травосмеси в условиях северо-восточной зоны Республики Беларусь

Analysis and justification of necessity, as well as efficiency of sprinkling of hay-grazing trauma in conditions of Belarus and Russia were performed. Analysis of meteo conditions of the experimental site for 2016–2018 allowed to establish uneven distribution of meteorological elements both in years and intraegetationally. The calculation of the hydrothermal coefficient (GTK) showed that the period of research covered different years of heat availability. The presented results of the effective sprinkling of hay-grazing trauma in the north-eastern zone of Belarus were confirmed in the works of both belarusian and russian scientists.

The prisoners work in the prisons on the Belarusian lands at the end of the 19th – early 20th centuries

The history of the development of the prisoners work on the Belarusian lands after the prison reform of 1879 is the object of examination. In the historiography of pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern periods this problem has never been studied by neither Russian nor Belarusian scientists. The examination of the prisoners work development in the local prisons as well as the determination of its common patterns for the Belarusian lands and the Russian Empire in general, and of the regional characteristics of this process are the purpose of the research. The main ways of action of the General Directorate of the Corps of Prison on the labour productivity of the prisoners on Belarusian lands (organisation of its local structural subdivision (province prison inspections) which managed the prisoners work, the organisation of the melioration and logging, the development of work in the prisons workshops) are being examined by the author on the base of the study of the archive data. The core activity of the fulfilment in the local prisons at the end of the 19th – early 20th centuries and the negative phenomena which interrupt it (in general the overcrowding of the places of determination that influenced the closure of the workshops) are being determined. The results of the prisoners work development by the turn of the second decade of the 20th century which are the growing numbers of the working prisoners and the increase of their salary activity from the beginning of the 20th century are being appreciated. The undertaken research will make it possible to determine the historical continuity of the series of measures to develop the prisoners work in the places of detention at the end of the 19th – early 20th centuries with the activity of the manufacturing establishments of the penitentiary system of the Republic of Belarus at the present time.

Electronic Lexicography: Traditional and Modern Approaches М. V. Маkarych1), Yu. B. Popova1), M. O. Shved2)

Nowadays there are a lot of modern technologies in electronic lexicography: speech synthesis technology, cross-referencing between dictionary modules, spell-checking functions, etc. The increasing availability of online information has necessitated intensive research in the area of automatic text summarization within the Natural Language Processing community. Belarusian scientists are also interested in this sphere and new lexicographical approaches for creating a linguistic database are shown in the paper. The authors present English-Belarusian-Russian electronic dictionary TechLex. This is the project of the 2nd English Department and the Department of Software for Information Systems and Technologies of the Belarusian National Technical University. The linguistic database of the dictionary is compiled not by the traditional method of processing a large number of paper dictionaries and combining the received translations, but by sequential processing of scientific and technical English-language periodicals. While the designing the dictionary the authors have taken into account the analysis of modern electronic multilingual translation dictionaries and created a client-server application in the Java programming language. The client part of the system contains a mobile application for the Android operating system, which has been tested on tablets and smartphones with different screen diagonals. The interface of the TechLex dictionary is designed taking into account the possibility of adding new subject areas and filling them with appropriate lexical material. The main advantage of our dictionary is that it is the first technical multilingual electronic dictionary having a Belarusian version.

POLESYE HORSE: HISTORY OF ORIGIN AND CURRENT SITUATION

POLESYE HORSE: HISTORY OF ORIGIN AND CURRENT SITUATION

Application of rotary furnaces for melting ferrous alloys

The article presents the experience of using rotary tilting furnaces (RTF) for melting ferrous alloys, as well as for recycling of dispersed iron-containing wastes (chips, dross, sludge) to obtain high – quality casting alloys directly in the RTF or when implementing the duplex process: RTF-induction furnace or RTF-arc furnace. The main technical characteristics of RTF that developed by Belarusian scientists and designers are described. The most promising areas of application of RTF were shown. An approximate calculation of the economic effect associated with the use of RTF in the production of steel and cast iron castings is performed.

И. ДАНИЛОВИЧ – ПЕРВЫЙ ДЕКАН ЮРИДИЧЕСКОГО ФАКУЛЬТЕТА КИЕВСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА

The article is devoted to the famous legal scholar of the first half of XIX century, the first Dean of the faculty of law at St. Volodymyr Kyiv University Professor Ignat Nikolaevich Danilovich (1788-1843). The article studies his scientific and pedagogical activities. The author emphasizes his role as the founder of the scientific study of the law of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania despite the distrust of the Imperial authorities. It is stated that this work was later continued by Ukrainian, Russian and Belarusian scientists.

Офіційний науковий дискурс щодо мовної державної політики (на прикладі Білорусі)

Based on the analysis of scientific and publicistic speeches of Belarusian scientists, the article highlights the peculiarities of the national and language policy of the Republic of Belarus, based on the previous history of the Belarusian lands, in particular, as part of three empires – Polish-Lithuanian, Russian and Soviet. In the context of a comparative comparison with Ukrainian realities, elements of the actual evasion of state policy from the implementation of the declaration on the state status of the Belarusian language are revealed through the ambiguity of the positions of leading local scientists. As arguments for this ambiguity, general political and linguistic collisions are presented, among which are the discrepancy between the formal term «republic» and the realities of the last quarter of a century, the nature of the ancient letter ѣ («yat») and even the discourse regarding the choice between the forms of title toponyms: «Belarus» or «Belorussia» and «Minsk» or «Mensk». The essence of the phenomenon of almost complete self-identification of local citizens as Belarusians, and the Belarusian language as their native language, is analyzed, despite the fact that they are accustomed to being in the same ideological and political sphere with Russians and use almost exclusively Russian. The nature of the terms «trasyanka» (as a form of the Belarusian language) and «surzhyk» (as a form of the Ukrainian language) as deliberately introduced into the scientific and journalistic discourse of the Soviet era to denote the secondary nature of these languages in comparison with metropolitan Russian is investigated. Examples of these forms are given. It is concluded that the language situation in Belarus is still at the beginning of the emergence of such a dangerous challenge, when public attention is just beginning to focus on it. The latter should understand that the identification of oneself as Belarusians, and the national language as a native language in the face of complete defeat of this language in a bilingual confrontation with Russian, means only the level of ethnographic character of such a nation, and not its sovereignty in the world space even in its embryonic state. It is noted that in the conditions of today's civil movement in Belarus, real independence (national and linguistic) can be born, among the main conditions of which, in particular, is the knowledge of the language of the titular nation by a public statesman. Key words: Belarus, Belarusian language, Russian language, bilingualism, national identity, Ukrainian language, educational sphere.

On the Directions of Scientific and Technical Development of the Republic of Belarus

On the basis of the Scopus database, an analysis of publications of Belarusian scientists in individual fields of science was carried out, which made it possible to identify the specialization and main areas of scientific work in the Republic of Belarus and determine the country’s place in the global scientific process.

Методичні підходи до визначення розміру охоронної ділянки навколо гнізда лелеки чорного Ciconia Nigra (L.)

Наприкінці 2016 р. у законодавче поле України введено поняття охоронної ділянки навколо гнізд рідкісних видів птахів, зокрема занесеного до Червоної книги України (2009) лелеки чорного Ciconia nigra (L.). Радіус ділянки для усіх видів визначено за європейськими стандартами, однак для лелеки він збільшений удвічі, до радіуса 1000 м навколо гнізда впродовж усього року. У 2006-2018 рр. проведено дослідження чисельності, поширення, біотопних преференцій та гніздової біології виду на території Українського Полісся (Волинська, Рівненська, Житомирська, Київська, Чернігівська та Сумська області) та подальший моніторинг гніздової біології чорного лелеки на Західному Поліссі (Волинська та Рівненська області). Дослідженнями доведено, що радіус 1000 м навколо гнізда є надмірним і недоцільним. Першою хибою такого підходу є відсутність врахування сезонності під час створення охоронної ділянки, другою – надмірний радіус. Обґрунтовано оптимальні розміри охоронної ділянки навколо гнізда лелеки чорного. Доведено, що 54 % гнізд розташовані не далі ніж 200 м від краю лісу. Важливість для виду 500-метрової ділянки лісу навколо гнізда підтверджують і білоруські науковці. За їхніми даними, у 83,3 % випадків на цій території знаходиться присід чорного лелеки, який птахи використовують для оцінювання безпеки підльоту до гнізда. Враховуючи сезонність, рекомендовано створювати охоронні ділянки з двох частин – ділянки суворої охорони (радіусом не менше 100 м довкола гнізда) та ділянки сезонної охорони (радіусом не менше 500 м). Ділянка суворої охорони діє впродовж усього року і в ній заборонено будь-яку діяльність, навіть перебування людей. На ділянці сезонної охорони заборонено будь-яку діяльність з 15 березня по 30 липня. На лісових дорогах і просіках, що проходять через ділянку суворої охорони, рекомендуємо встановлювати попереджувальні аншлаги. Роботи здійснено в рамках проекту "Ciconia-Ukraina", який реалізується Західноукраїнським орнітологічним товариством та Державним природознавчим музеєм НАН України, за фінансової підтримки Фонду "Ciconia" (Ліхтенштейн).

Human interaction, culture and education as a key driver of sustainable development information society

The urgency of the study of the interaction of man, culture and education in the information society is gaining momentum, as the information society needs to deepen this interaction. This problem arises because people are beginning to rethink the problem of the context of the interaction of culture and education, which affect the person as a creature. The purpose of the study is to conceptualize the interaction of man, culture and education in an information society that requires conditions under which effective interaction is effected that influences the deployment of essential forces in these areas. Formation of the aims of the article: studying the problems of human interaction, culture and education in the conditions of the information society; Identification of the concept of "educational and informational culture" as the coexistence of educational and information culture; an analysis of the interaction of man, culture and education as a value-mutually determined phenomena of human existence, which saturate, enrich and complement each other. An analysis of recent researches and publications from which the solution to this problem was initiated: the use of articles by the authors of V.Andruschenko, T.Andruschenko, O.Bazaluk, A. Boyko, V.Vashkevich, V.Voronkova, L.Gorbunova, O.Kivlyuk, S. Klepko, A. Kravchenko, S. Kutsepal, O. Punchchenko, I. Radionova, N. Skotnoy. Among the Belarusian scientists, we distinguish works by P. Vodopianov, A. Zelenkov, A. Lazarevich, V. Starginsky, V. Tsepkalo. Among the foreign ones are works by Carol Dvec, Richard Florida, Mary Furst and Jurgen Trinks, Eric Brignolfsson and Andrew Macafi, and others. Research methodology is a method of cultural creativity, which contributes to the construction of a model of cultural and innovative education and polity as the main drivers of sustainable development. Scientific novelty - identification of problems of interaction of man, culture and education in the conditions of the information society, contributing to the formation of a new cultural and educational policy as a policy of sustainable development. The results of the research: the interaction of man, culture and education - it is a valuable inter-deterministic phenomena of human existence, which saturate, enrich and complement each other. Therefore, the emergence of the concept of educational culture, and sometimes there is a scientific and educational culture, or educational and information culture, is not accidental in the information age. It is also complemented by the concept of "cultural and educational policy". Conclusion - we formed the concept of interaction of man, culture and education in the information society, based on a new cultural and educational policy that contributes to the formation of a policy of sustainable development

METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF MODERNIZATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS (TO THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL IN THE FIELD OF THE ECONOMY MODERNIZATION RESEARCH)

The methodological basis for cooperation of the efforts of scientists, business circles and statesmen in the intensification of modernization in Belarus needs a broad discussion and creative development. As a methodological basis for modernization in the republic, a team ofscientists, represented today by the scientific school in the field of the economy modernization research, offers a subject approach as a platform for the development of transformations in the republic. The intellectual potential of the school, created by the hard work of many generations of Belarusian scientists, can serve the solution of vital and perspective problems of economic and social development.

Methodological Solutions for Level Measurements of Socio-Economic Security of the Industrial Sector (МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕШЕНИЯ ПО ПРОВЕДЕНИЮ УРОВНЕВЫХ ИЗМЕРЕНИЙ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО СЕКТОРА)

English Abstract: The basis of the description of the values of socio-economic security of the production system is based on the principle of extreme dispersion of industrial States along the axis of maximum security — the least security, taking into account the configuration of the composition and the degree of satisfaction of the society’s needs, which determine the goals of ensuring socio–economic security. Groups of requests satisfied at various levels are formed on the systematization of requests proposed by Belarusian scientists. The degree of socio-economic security of the industrial sector, determined by the probability to meet all kinds of demands of society, is dependent on the emerging structure of production capacity. The acquired data allowed to form appropriate methodological solutions for level measurements of socio-economic security of the industrial sector. Russian Abstract:В базу описания значений социально–экономической безопасности производственной системы положен принцип экстремального рассредотачивания состояний промышленности по оси «максимальная защищенность — наименьшая защищинность» с учетом конфигурации состава и степени удовлетворения запросов общества, которые определяют цели обеспечивания социально–экономической безопасности. Группы удовлетворяемых на всевозможных уровнях запросов сформированы по систематизации запросов, предложенной белорусскими учеными. Степень социально–экономической безопасности промышленного сектора, определяемый вероятностью удовлетворять всевозможные виды запросов общества, находится в зависимости от складывающейся структуры производственного потенциала. Приобретенные данные позволили сформировать надлежащие методические решения по проведению уровневых измерений социально– экономической безопасности промышленного сектора.

Development of mechanism and machine science in Belarus by an example of gears and gear transmissions

In a paper, the important original results on various topics of gears and gear transmissions are generalized and enhanced, which are described at large in the monograph ‘Gears and Transmissions in Belarus: Design, Technology, Estimation of Properties’, Minsk, 2017 (in Russian). Achievements of Byelorussian scientific schools in field of mechanical gear transmissions and polymer composite gears are presented. Technological aspects, models and methods for calculation and design of drives and their components as well as estimation of lifetime, noise and vibration characteristics are described. The complex of key issues for development, manufacturing, diagnostics and testing gears, which largely determines the competitiveness of machines and their transmissions, is considered. The activities of Belarusian scientists in IFToMM are characterised, including their contribution to identification of terminology on gears. The paper is a kind of guide on science-intensive developments of Belarusian specialists in the field under discussion.

ORGANIZATION OF INTERUNIVERSITY COOPERATION AS ONE OF THE STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF UNIVERSITY

In the current article, the viewpoints of the Belarusian and foreign scientists and experts on the organization of international cooperation in Higher Education Institutions within the Bologna process are analyzed, the directions of organization of interuniversity cooperation of the university are considered, the experience of Belarusian State Pedagogical University named after Maxim Tank in this direction and the objectives of interuniversity development are defined.

An analysis of the scientific activities of researchers from Belarus according to bibliometric indicators

This paper considers the results of scientific research conducted by the Central Scientific Library of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (CSL NAS of Belarus) using the bibliometric indicators of the Web of Science Core Collection Database (WoS CC): the degree of reflection and citation of articles of Belarusian authors in this database. Attention is paid to the rating of the research institutes of the NAS of Belarus according to scientific productivity. The fields of the scientific work of Belarusian scientists are shown. The paper estimates the productivity of the joint scientific activity of Belarusian scientists and scientists of different countries, which is an indicator of the level of integration of the country into the international scientific community.

Bibliometric Analysis of the Publication Activities of Researchers in Belarus

The article is devoted to the publication activities of researchers in Belarus; the degree of reflection of their works in the Web of Science databases as well as reflection of results of international scientific investigations with Belarusian authors participation; the data on the citations of Belarusian scientists in the works of other researchers.

The checklist of Belarusian spiders (Arachnida, Araneae)

Spiders represent one of the worst investigated groups of invertebrates in Belarus. Moreover, the majority of data are published in Russian, so it is often inaccessible to the international scientific community. The aim of this paper is to present data on the spider species (Arachnida, Araneae) recorded on the territory of Belarus during the whole period of the study. The data presented therein include both my own data and the data obtained from literature. The focus of the current study was on papers published in Belarus or written by Belarusian scientists. The only exception is Mikhailov’s ‘A checklist of the spiders of Russia and other countries of the former USSR’. The current checklist includes 474 species belonging to 28 families. In spite of the fact that some of the records might be considered doubtful, they were included in the checklist due to the absence of evidence that they are incorrect. That holds true for Atypus affinis Eichwald, 1830, which was recorded in 1928, but no confirmation of its...

Теорія і практика підготовки спеціалістів сфери туризму в Республіці Білорусь

The article examines available in the Republic of Belarus theoretical and methodological framework and practical experience training of tourism. Analyzes the research portfolio of Belarusian scientists, characterized specialty “Tourism and hospitality”: the definition of professional competence of specialist tourism and hospitality, timing and content of theoretical and practical training, distinguishing specializations, examined the implementation of the principle stupnevosti in higher tourism education of the country, the continuity of professional education in tourism . Key words: professional tourist education, training, tourism.