Professional Behavior Research Articles

Comparative study: perceptions of multiple education stakeholders on children with disabilities and goals of special education in Oman and the Philippines

PurposeThis comparative study explored the perceptions of educational stakeholders in Oman and the Philippines concerning children with disabilities and the goals of special education. Stakeholders' perspectives can influence their professional behaviours and attitudes, which, in turn, can profoundly impact children with disabilities who already face numerous challenges. Hence, comprehending the viewpoints of these stakeholders is vital for fostering socially just education for individuals with disabilities.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed a qualitative comparative case study approach with a horizontal comparison strategy, and both convenience and purposeful sampling techniques were used for participant selection. The study involved 53 participants from both countries, including policymakers, teacher educators, in-service teachers and student teachers from general and special education domains. Data were gathered through individual interviews and themes were subsequently discerned via data analysis.FindingsDespite the different cultural and historical contexts and distinct roles of stakeholders in both countries, the results indicate more parallels than disparities in their perceptions. The primary congruence underscored in this research was imperative to critically assess the language and ideology surrounding the goals of special education, such as mainstreaming and normalisation.Originality/valueAlthough numerous studies have probed the perceptions of various educational stakeholders concerning children with disabilities and educational goals, there is limited research that encompasses the perspectives of the seven distinct stakeholder groups. The consistency of language usage across both countries and among all stakeholders underscores the need for a rigorous cross-country examination involving all educational participants.

'I'm still su!c!dal when you're done with the paperwork': an inductive framework thematic analysis of #camhs on TikTok.

Young people are sharing their experiences of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in the United Kingdom on TikTok. Little is known about the content of these videos and their influence on young people's attitudes towards seeking professional mental health support. This study explored how CAMHS is represented in a sample of 100 #camhs TikTok videos using participatory inductive framework thematic analysis. Four themes were developed alongside young people as co-researchers: (a) CAMHS can be frustrating and unhelpful, but sometimes life-saving, (b) Young people can feel their distress is invalidated by CAMHS, (c) CAMHS makes young people feel responsible for their distress, and (d) Young people may not feel CAMHS professionals are trustworthy. Video content described dismissive responses to expressions of suicidal ideation, professional knowledge being privileged over lived experience, and breaches of confidentiality. Some shared positive experiences of CAMHS helping to keep them safe. Together, the themes reflect a representation of CAMHS as a service where adults are powerful and young people occupy a subjugated position. This may influence young people's professional help-seeking behaviour. Recommendations for clinical practice and future research are presented.

The quality of social relationships with students, mentor teachers and fellow student teachers and their role in the development of student teachers’ emotions in the practicum

The emotional well-being of individuals is largely dependent on the quality of their social relationships, as acknowledged by self-determination theory and the belongingness hypothesis. While the significance of high-quality relationships for teachers has received increasing attention in empirical research, little is known about the impact of social relationships on student teachers' emotions in the practicum, especially from a quantitative perspective and considering multiple relationship qualities simultaneously. Research on this topic is highly topical as emotions have been found to be important drivers both for professional behaviour in the classroom and professionalisation processes in general. Against this backdrop, our study examined how the quality of social relationships between students in class, mentor teachers, and fellow student teachers influences the development of emotional experiences of student teachers in a school practicum. We conducted an online survey with 203 Austrian student teachers studying secondary education, inquiring about their emotional experiences and social relationships before and after their practicum. The results revealed that the quality of relationships with students in class was the most influential factor determining changes in student teachers’ emotional states during their practicum. These findings emphasise the importance of cultivating positive relationships with students in the classroom, especially during the school practicum in teacher education.

Graduate and Health Professional Student Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behavior Related to Human Papillomavirus and Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: A Scoping Review of the Literature.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection. Despite a safe and effective vaccine, uptake continues to be suboptimal. Recently, focus has moved to college campuses in an effort to increase vaccination rates. Little is known about the extent of efforts to reach graduate students on college campuses in the United States and the vaccination rates within this subpopulation. This scoping review assessed the literature on knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors about HPV and HPV vaccination among graduate and post-baccalaureate professional students in the United States. This review also aims to identify areas for further research to improve institutions' abilities to create health programming to increase HPV awareness and HPV vaccination coverage on their campuses. Publications focusing on knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors about HPV and HPV vaccination in post-baccalaureate students were included. The systematic review of PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase identified 2562 articles, and 56 articles met all inclusion criteria and were included in this scoping review. A majority of the reviewed studies investigated some combination of knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs about HPV and the HPV vaccine in students in professional programs such as medicine. Study design approaches were primarily cross-sectional, utilizing web-based survey distribution methods. HPV vaccination status and HPV screening behaviors were primarily measured through participant self-report. There is limited research investigating post-baccalaureate student knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors about HPV and HPV vaccination. There is a need for researchers to further investigate the needs of graduate students to create informative and effective HPV programming.

CURRENT TRENDS OF TRAINING SPECIALISTS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY THROUGH THE PRISM OF ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS

The article focuses attention on the need to research modern trends in the training of pharmaceutical industry specialists through the prism of deontological and professional standards. It was established that the modern system of professional training of future specialists in the pharmaceutical industry was influenced by the changes that the industry underwent after Ukraine gained independence: a significant reduction in the range and volume of production of domestic pharmaceutical products, orientation towards European standards of professional training of specialists, compliance with the ethical principles of the work of pharmaceutical specialists. It is noted that the Code of Ethics of Pharmaceutical Workers of Ukraine became the basic regulatory regulator of pharmacist professional ethics in Ukraine, but the further development of international legislation requires adaptation of the domestic pharmaceutical education system to its requirements. The article analyzes the key normative documents that determine the deontological and professional standards for the training of pharmaceutical industry specialists. Modern trends in the training of specialists in the pharmaceutical industry are defined as: the focus on increasing the prestige of the pharmacist profession, raising its status and improving its image in society; compliance with high standards of professional behavior of pharmaceutical industry specialists; strengthening of patient- and client-oriented professional activity in the field of pharmacy, which meets the modern requirements of deontological and professional standards regarding the transfer of emphasis from subject-object interaction in the specialist-client-patient plane to subject-subject interaction; strengthening the professional autonomy of pharmacists among other specialists of the health care system.

Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Meslek Seçiminin Profesyonel Davranışa Etkisi

Çalışmada hemşirelik öğrencilerinin meslek seçimi ile profesyonel davranış arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kesitsel bir çalışma olan araştırmanın örneklemini, 349 hemşirelik öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Veriler Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinde Profesyonel Davranış Ölçeği, Hemşirelikte Meslek Seçimi Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirmesinde yüzde, standart sapma, ortalama, pearson korelasyon katsayısı ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Hemşirelikte Meslek Seçimi Ölçeği alt boyutları, cinsiyet ve sınıf hemşirelik öğrencilerinin profesyonel davranışlarının %10 varyansını açıklamıştır. Hemşirelikte Meslek Seçimi Ölçeği mesleki uygunluk alt boyutu ile Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinde Profesyonel Davranış Ölçeği puanları arasında anlamlı ilişki var iken (p 0.05). Bu çalışma ile meslek seçimi ve profesyonel davranış arasında bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır.

Understanding delays in chronic limb-threatening ischaemia care: Application of the theoretical domains framework to identify factors affecting primary care clinicians' referral behaviours.

Patients in the community with suspected Chronic limb-threatening ischaemia (CLTI) should be urgently referred to vascular services for investigation and management. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) allows identification of influences on health professional behaviour in order to inform future interventions. Here, the TDF is used to explore primary care clinicians' behaviours with regards to recognition and referral of CLTI. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 podiatrists, nurses and general practitioners in primary care. Directed content analysis was performed according to the framework method. Utterances were coded to TDF domains, and belief statements were defined by grouping similar utterances. Relevance of domains was confirmed according to belief frequency, presence of conflicting beliefs and the content of the beliefs indicating relevance. Nine TDF domains were identified as relevant to primary care clinicians: Knowledge, Environmental context and resources, Memory, Decision and attention processes, Beliefs about capabilities, Skills, Emotions, Reinforcement and Behavioural regulation. Relationships across domains were identified, including how primary care clinician confidence and working in a highly pressurized environment can affect behaviour. We have identified key barriers and enablers to timely recognition and referral behaviour. These beliefs identify targets for theory-driven behaviour change interventions to reduce delays in CLTI pathways.

'ThinkCancer!': randomised feasibility trial of a novel practice-based early cancer diagnosis intervention.

UK cancer deaths remain high; primary care is key for earlier cancer diagnosis as half of avoidable delays occur here. Improvement is possible through lower referral thresholds, better guideline adherence, and better safety-netting systems. Few interventions target whole practice teams. We developed a novel whole-practice team intervention to address this. To test the feasibility and acceptability of a novel, complex behavioural intervention, 'ThinkCancer!', for assessment in a subsequent Phase III trial. Pragmatic, superiority pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) with an embedded process evaluation and feasibility economic analysis in Welsh general practices. Clinical outcome data were collected from practices (the unit of randomisation). Practice characteristics and cancer safety-netting systems were assessed. Individual practice staff completed evaluation and feedback forms and qualitative interviews. The intervention was adapted and refined. Trial recruitment and workshop deliveries took place between March 2020 and May 2021. Trial progression criteria for recruitment, intervention fidelity, and routine data collection were met. Staff-level fidelity, retention, and individual level data collection processes were reviewed and amended. Interviews highlighted positive participant views on all aspects of the intervention. All practices set out to liberalise referral thresholds appropriately, implement guidelines, and address safety-netting plans in detail. 'ThinkCancer!' appears feasible and acceptable. The new iteration of the workshops was completed and the Phase III trial has been funded to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this novel professional behaviour change intervention. Delivery at scale to multiple practices will likely improve fidelity and reach.

Professionalism in Communication Sciences and Disorders: Consideration of Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Access

Purpose: This tutorial aims to provide an in-depth discussion of professionalism in communication sciences and disorders (CSD) with consideration of diversity, equity, inclusion, and access. Students, practitioners, and faculty in CSD are taught and held to expectations of professionalism. However, criteria for professionalism often do not fully consider diversity, equity, inclusion, and access. Method: Relevant literature on professionalism and diversity, equity, and inclusion is reviewed and summarized. Case scenarios are also shared to provide examples of how these aspects are not currently considered in the discipline of CSD. Results: The current definitions of professionalism are vague and oftentimes exclude cultural differences. Because the majority of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association membership and leadership groups are from the mainstream culture, the definitions and attributes of professional norms have been influenced by mainstream culture. Conclusions: Recent publications on professionalism and professional behavior in medicine have discussed the impact of racialized professionalism norms on increasing diversity of medical students and trainees. It is imperative to resonate such issues in the CSD profession, because there is a growing number of students and practitioners from minority groups. This tutorial addresses how the discipline of CSD can reflect cultural responsiveness to the standards for students, practitioners, and faculty. Several solutions are suggested.

Ethic Code and Internal Audit Quality

Abstract Purpose - The research aims to test the influence of codes of ethics (competence, accountability, and professionalism) on the quality of audit results and to analyze the role of mediation in audit performance and the impact of the codes (competence, accounting, and professionalism) on the quality of auditing results. The attribution theory component is included in the proposed model. Design/methodology/approach - Data for this research is collected through survey methods, namely questionnaires. Research data and hypotheses are analyzed using a structural equation model (SEM), which is based on PLS. Respondents are 109 internal auditors at the Supreme Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Indonesia. Findings - The results of this study show that competence, accountability, and professionalism have a positive and significant influence on the quality of the audit outcome. In addition, competency, accountant, and professional influence positively and significantly on the performance of the auditor. The auditor's performance has a positive and significant impact on the quality of the audit outcome. Audit performance as a mediation role in this research is fully mediated, which means that significantly independent variables (competence, accounting, and professional) are able to influence the dependent variable (quality of audit outcomes) without going through the mediation variable (auditor performance).Research limitations/implications – Improve and maintain the Code of Ethics (competence, accountability and professionalism) within the Internal Auditor environment at the Attorney General's Office of the Republic of Indonesia. Keywords: Internal Audit, Competence, Accountability, Professional Behavior, Auditor Performance, and Audit Quality

Professionalism among family medicine residents at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

The Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCHS) recently proposed the Saudi Meds Family Medicine (FM) 2020 program, which is based on CanMEDS-FM 2017 and includes a number of competencies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the professionalism of FM residents who follow the modified curriculum of the SCHS. A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2023 at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah among FM residents from year 1 to year 3 and postgraduates from the FM residency program of both genders. For data collection, a structured self-administered web-based questionnaire adapted from CanMEDS was used. A total of 45 FM residents responded, with the majority (73.3%) between the ages of 20 and 30 (77.8%), and 62.2% females. In terms of patient professionalism, 93.3% frequently/always demonstrated appropriate professional behavior and relationships in all aspects of practice; 62.2% frequently/always demonstrated a commitment to excellence in all aspects of practice. In terms of professionalism and societal commitment, 80% frequently/always demonstrated accountability to patients, society, and the profession by responding to societal expectations of physicians, and 86.6% frequently/always demonstrated a commitment to patient safety and quality improvement. In terms of professional commitment, 88.9% frequently/always fulfil and adhere to professional and ethical codes, standards of practice, and laws governing practice. In terms of self-commitment, it was discovered that 86.6% frequently/always demonstrated self-awareness and managed influences on personal well-being and professional performance. The majority (80%) managed personal and professional demands for a sustainable practice throughout the physician lifecycle, and 86.7% frequently/always promoted a culture that recognizes, supports, and effectively responds to colleagues in need. FM residents in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, demonstrated acceptable levels of dedication to patients, society, profession, and self, indicating a high level of professionalism.

COURT EXPERTS’ CONTRIBUTION TO AN EFFICIENT DISPUTE RESOLUTION

Court experts advise judges in technical issues and thus support them in finding a fair verdict. That makes them a key pillar of the legal systems of many European countries. The appointing system varies in the respective EU Member States. Additionally, the appointed experts from the traditional national systems, the number of experts appointed according to EN ISO/IEC_17024 increases. Currently, some courts and law firms evaluate the opportunity to create a unified expert register for some kinds of disputes. Italy and Germany both have a national system in appointing experts for technical advice in court cases which differs in some points, but request, among others, a high level of knowledge and personal integrity. The authors compare the national expert systems and analyze the relevance of the new European expert appointment according to EN ISO/IEC_17024. They consider the pros and cons and discuss the creation of a unified expert register for construction disputes. Furthermore, the authors analyze some educational programs able to ensure a body of professionals of excellence for the best resolution of technical disputes. As a conclusion the authors propose standards for a unified expert register following the EN ISO/IEC_17024 accreditation criteria, in order to guarantee a high level of knowledge, personal integrity and professional behavior.

COURT EXPERTS’ CONTRIBUTION TO AN EFFICIENT DISPUTE RESOLUTION

Court experts advise judges in technical issues and thus support them in finding a fair verdict. That makes them a key pillar of the legal systems of many European countries. The appointing system varies in the respective EU Member States. Additionally, the appointed experts from the traditional national systems, the number of experts appointed according to EN ISO/IEC_17024 increases. Currently, some courts and law firms evaluate the opportunity to create a unified expert register for some kinds of disputes. Italy and Germany both have a national system in appointing experts for technical advice in court cases which differs in some points, but request, among others, a high level of knowledge and personal integrity. The authors compare the national expert systems and analyze the relevance of the new European expert appointment according to EN ISO/IEC_17024. They consider the pros and cons and discuss the creation of a unified expert register for construction disputes. Furthermore, the authors analyze some educational programs able to ensure a body of professionals of excellence for the best resolution of technical disputes. As a conclusion the authors propose standards for a unified expert register following the EN ISO/IEC_17024 accreditation criteria, in order to guarantee a high level of knowledge, personal integrity and professional behavior.

Professional Development Promotion and Leadership Behavior of School Heads: An Explanatory Sequential Study

Professional Development Promotion and Leadership Behavior of School Heads: An Explanatory Sequential Study

Nurses' Well-Being: An Amazing Recipe, But What Ingredients Remain Missing?

The term "system well-being" can move forward a new vision, meaning the result coming from the addition of the well-being of persons belonging to different institutions and organizations, which are all parts of the "health care system." Beginning with this "new definition," with the aim of analyzing the multifaceted issues related to nurses' well-being, we could use the "classical nursing metaparadigm" composed of 4 concepts: "health," "nursing," "environment," and "person." We briefly describe this conceptual map and provide some focused suggestions for further reflection on topics such as physical and psychological well-being, economic gain and career opportunities, work climate, burnout, low job satisfaction, moral distress, compassion fatigue, and a joyful work environment. This view may help organizations to focus on interventions to prevent or eliminate stress, which may be more proactive and effective than interventions to manage stress. Moreover, it offers a multidimensional map to analyze the different aspects influencing the well-being issue, keeping in mind that a concrete solution can be obtained only if all the components of health care systems and society do their part. Some solutions proposed by authors and organizations to increase nurses' well-being are mindfulness based, such as meditation, yoga, acupuncture, gratitude, journaling, choirs, coaching, workload reduction, job crafting, and peer networks. Other reflections on work organization, expected professional behaviors, nurses' retention, and education should be added to the discussion on this multidimensional issue.

SCOPING REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS RELATED TO THE EFFECTS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND THE MEASURES TAKEN

Publications of 21 scientific studies from the field of psychology and psychiatry related to the effects that the spread of COVID-19 has on mental health and the measures taken by mental health professionals to control the negative consequences on the psyche of people are presented. In this regard, the aim of the article is to present a summary of the main subjects in scientific research in the field of mental health. The article differentiates five main problem areas in relation to people's mental health and emotional response to COVID-19: in terms of age; gender differences; personality characteristics; professional activity and behaviour; telepsychiatry and telepsychology. The analysis of the publications shows that the effects can be divided into two categories: short-term and long-term, and in both categories the effects can be positive and negative; the authors emphasize the phenomenology of subjective experiences. Most researchers draw the following conclusions: the COVID-19 pandemic has provoked high levels of stress, mental instability, PTSD, depression, cognitive and neurological disorders; vulnerable groups (elderly people, young people, health professionals, people with mental health problems before the pandemic, homeless people and refugees) have more mental health problems during the pandemic and are slower to recover. Another important conclusion from the 21 studies studied is that it is necessary to formulate recommendations to improve people's mental health, to involve mental health professionals in the development of comprehensive public health policies and to support health care workforce as well as to improve public health prevention strategies, especially during health crises.

القيادة الأخلاقية ودورها في بناء الثقافة التنظيمية في المؤسسات التعليمية الابتدائية في منطقة الدمام

The study aimed to reveal the role of ethical leadership in building organizational culture in educational institutions in the Dammam region. To achieve the goal of the study, the descriptive analytical approach was followed, so that a stratified random sample of school leaders was selected, numbering (13) leaders, (37) educational and administrative supervisors, and (3) Department director, (41) department heads, and (79) other leadership professions. The electronic questionnaire was applied to them, and the study concluded the following: 1. There is a high degree of practicing ethical leadership among them, as well as a large degree of practicing organizational culture in primary educational institutions in the Dammam region. 2. There was also a close, statistically significant correlation at the level of (0.01) between ethical leadership and its role in the organizational culture of the educational institutions in the study sample. 3. Most of the leaders in the study strongly agreed on the degree of practicing ethical leadership with regard to the dimensions of human, personal, and professional relations behaviors. 4. Most of the leaders in the study agreed to a moderate degree on the degree of organizational culture with regard to its elements, which are values, beliefs, norms, and finally, expectations.

How can physicians' professional reputation be damaged? Patients', nurses' and physicians' viewpoints.

As a rule, physicians' reputation significantly influences public confidence in the medical profession. Unfortunately, the societal perception of physicians in contemporary Iran appears to be negatively impacted. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze and elucidate the fundamental causes of this phenomenon. This qualitative study employed content analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted in 2022. The study population consisted of 6 physicians, 6 nurses and 12 patients in the the affiliated hospitals in Kerman University of Medical Sciences selected through purposive sampling. Extraction of the main themes followed the Graneheim and Lundman approach, and data management was facilitated through MAXQDA 20. The study identified five themes encapsulating the causes for damage to physicians' reputation: physicians' relationship with patients, physicians' relationship with the community, physicians' relationship with the medical profession, challenges within medical practice, and challenges related to medical education. Within these themes, a total of 38 subthemes emerged. The primary drivers that seem to damage physicians' reputation include: non-effective communication, negative public attitudes toward certain physicians and medical centers due to malpractice, illegitimate relationships of physicians, gaps in physicians' skills, insufficient education, and ethical lapses. It was concluded that several infrastructural elements negatively impact physicians' reputation. Consequently, it is recommended to monitor the professional behaviors, practices and relationships of physicians, while scrutinizing the medical education system.

The perceived preparedness of prelicensure nursing students to transition to practice

BackgroundThe impact of clinical site limitations on the categories of clinical competencies among prelicensure nursing students (PNSs) is not clear. AimTo describe the perceived clinical preparedness of PNSs who experience alterations in their training. MethodsForty-four PNSs were surveyed using the Clinical Competence Questionnaire (CCQ). CCQ measures four categories of nursing competencies: (a) professional behaviors (PB), (b) general performance (GP), (c) core skills (CS), and (d) advanced skills (ANS). ResultsMost students (89%) reported feeling unprepared to enter practice or reenter clinical settings. The average overall perceived competence score was 169 (SD = 22, 128-212). The averages for PB, GP, CS, and AS were low. Students’ CS and AS scores were significantly and negatively correlated with the number of altered courses (r = −.38, p = .008; r = −.35, p = .018 respectively), and students’ GP scores were significantly, and inversely, associated with the number of missed clinical days (r = −.32, p = .03). ConclusionsStudents who experience alterations feel unprepared to transition to practice. The findings can guide the training needed for PNSs before reentering clinical rotations or upon joining the workforce.

Service users’ complaints concerning social workers’ professional functioning: Arabs in Israel as a case study

ABSTRACT Sparse professional literature on complaints against social workers, focuses on a few specific variables, discussing them from a universal/contextless viewpoint. This study considers such complaints as a holistic (integrative) issue which should be studied within particular contexts. The research traced service users’ complaints against social workers, investigating social workers’ conceptions concerning the extent and type of complaints, and the social workers’ coping mechanisms. A phenomenological approach elicited data from semi-structured in-depth interviews with 16 social workers from Arab welfare bureaus in Israel. Findings indicated that formal complaints are rare despite many grievances (tazamur) concerning the service. There are almost no complaints concerning serious offences, because in addition to formal punishment, community cultural punishments are severe. Complaints can be lodged in eight regulatory bodies, inside or outside the bureau, distinguished as either educational or disciplinary in policy. Coping strategies (expressing internal or external loci of control) depend on the complaint type (against the system or against the social workers’ professional functioning and/or ethical behaviour) and the regulatory body’s character. A professional-ethical complaint is a context-informed pragmatic challenge that social workers should understand and be trained to consider as an opportunity for professional development.