Behavior Management Research Articles

FUTURE OF CAREGIVING: INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS AND CHALLENGES WITH NOVEL NONPHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS

Abstract As we explore the evolving landscape of family caregiving, it becomes clear that caregiving roles offer fulfillment but also pose unique mental health challenges for caregivers of persons living with dementia. These challenges stem from expanded responsibilities and managing dementia-related behaviors. Research emphasizes the intertwined well-being of caregivers and their care recipients, highlighting the need for interventions that support caregivers’ mental health and improve their capacity to address their care recipients’ needs. This symposium aims to assess the effectiveness of novel non-pharmacological interventions, marking a step forward in our approach to caregiver support and improving caregiving dynamics overall. Martinsdale-Adams et al. explore the Annie Caregiver Text program, a text-message intervention based on the REACH-VA protocol, showing its success in improving the management of dementia-related behaviors and reducing caregiver stress. Lee et al. examine the Powerful Tools for Caregivers (PTC) program, assessing its effectiveness in enhancing self-care and communication skills, whether delivered in-person or remotely. Savla et al. share results from an RCT that compares the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention, Practice of Acceptance, Awareness, and Compassion in Caregiving (PAACC), with REACH-VA, focusing on reducing caregiver anxiety and increasing compassion. Ruggiano et al. analyze the Alabama Caregiver Connect initiative, aimed at simplifying access for caregivers to essential dementia care information through interactive, AI-enhanced web tools, including ChatGPT and chatbots. Together, these empirically-validated programs offer novel non-pharmacological options for managing caregiving responsibilities and addressing dementia-related behaviors of relatives, exploring the challenges and solutions for implementing these programs for family caregivers.

Organisational and Job Satisfaction: A Decade of Research Trends, Systematic Mapping, and Bibliometric Analysis

This study presents a comprehensive systematic review and bibliometric analysis of research on organizational commitment and job satisfaction from 2014 to 2023. Using specific inclusion criteria, 295 relevant papers were identified from the Scopus database. The findings reveal a strong correlation between job satisfaction and various organizational commitment outcomes, including turnover intention, performance, and innovation. The bibliometric analysis uncovered leading journals, authors, and institutions in the field, as well as keywords and collaboration patterns. The study also highlighted some challenges in the research, such as inconsistent definitions of major concepts and geographic clustering in publication patterns. Areas identified for future research include examining new organizational structures and the impact of technology on employee attitudes. The review emphasizes the continued importance of organizational commitment and job satisfaction as critical factors in modern workplaces. This systematic review provides a valuable resource for both researchers and practitioners in the field of organizational behavior and human resource management. It offers a holistic view of the current state of research on organizational commitment and job satisfaction, identifying trends, gaps, and opportunities for future studies. The findings underscore the need for continued focus on these concepts in understanding and improving workplace dynamics in the contemporary business environment.

Exploring The Strategies Of Nurses in Giving Health Teachings Among Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Patients

Introduction: Effective health teaching has been shown to have a major impact on patients' behavior and disease management. The strategies used by nurses to educate patients with diabetes mellitus, with an emphasis on the impact of the nurses' experiences in providing health teaching on diabetes management, were explored by the researchers. Objective: The goal of this study is to provide the best strategy based on insights and experiences of the nurses in giving health teachings for the management of diabetes mellitus. Method: Phenomenological approach using Colaizzi's descriptive method was utilized and conducted through verbal interview. Seven (7) registered nurses who had prior experience in educating patients with diabetes mellitus from a well-known public health institution located in Quezon City participated in data collection. An open-ended unstructured subjective type questionnaire that was prepared by the researchers was used to gather the data. Result: The significant findings of this study revealed nine (9) key themes in health teaching, covering its importance, strategies, challenges, addressing challenges, adapting strategies to patient needs, family involvement, impact of family involvement, strategies to persuade colleagues to adopt health teaching methods, and effective teaching strategies that the nurses employ in delivering health education to diabetes mellitus patients. The results showed that challenges like beliefs, socioeconomic status, and psychological problems could arise. Conclusion: This study concentrated on the utmost importance of nurses' experiences in helping to recognize and comprehend various strategies in health teaching through which they can help patients with diabetes mellitus find appropriate self-management techniques, thereby enhancing the quality of patient care.

Empowering Recovery: Evidence-Based Social Work Interventions for Mental Health Patients in Saudi Arabia

Mental health disorders remain a significant public health challenge in Saudi Arabia, where cultural stigma and limited resources often complicate the provision of mental health services. This paper explores the role of evidence-based social work interventions in mental health recovery in Saudi Arabia, emphasizing culturally competent practices that empower patients and enhance treatment outcomes. Through a review of existing research, the paper highlights the effectiveness of interventions such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), psychosocial support, case management, family therapy, community-based approaches, and trauma-informed care. It also discusses the importance of integrating religious and cultural values in the therapeutic process. Ultimately, the paper advocates for a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary approach to mental health care, emphasizing the need for ongoing development of social work practice in the region.

FOSTERING COMPASSIONATE CAREGIVING USING CNA TRAINING

Abstract Behavioral health complications in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) present significant challenges in long-term care facilities. The progressive decline in cognitive abilities and subsequent difficulty in managing behaviors related to ADRD necessitate a specialized approach for Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs) who provide daily care. Addressing these challenges, our HRSA funded Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program (GWEP) at the University of Louisville has introduced a compassionate care framework tailored for CNAs in long-term care settings. This comprehensive training model equips CNAs with essential skills and knowledge to understand and navigate the behavioral complexities of ADRD. The training encompasses online micro-modules for self-paced learning, interactive workshops for hands-on practice, and an innovative iOS app has been created as a readily available resource for CNAs, offering guidance and support for managing challenging behaviors on-the-go. Our training program has successfully educated 175 CNAs, evidenced by significant improvements in knowledge and self-efficacy regarding ADRD care, as measured by a pre-test/post-test design. The GWEP compassionate care initiative has shown promising results in enhancing the capabilities of CNAs in ADRD care. The multi-pronged educational strategy has proven effective in improving behavioral management, indicating a scalable and empowering model for CNAs. This model signifies a progressive shift towards better ADRD care in long-term facilities, ultimately enriching the quality of life for those with ADRD. Further discussions will focus on the broader application of such programs in long-term care environments.

Alternative Behaviour Management Techniques for Children with Intellectual Disability – A Review

Alternative Behaviour Management Techniques for Children with Intellectual Disability – A Review

Case Study : Nursing Care for Schizophrenia Patients with Low Self-Esteem at RSJ Prof HB. Saanin Padang

Low self-esteem is a negative symptom in schizophrenia patients, where clients experience negative feelings toward themselves and others, leading to feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness. Without intervention, this condition can result in social isolation. This study aims to provide nursing care for schizophrenia patients with low self-esteem issues at RSJ Prof. HB. Saanin Padang in 2024. The research method used is a single case descriptive study with a case study approach. Nursing care was conducted from May 29 to June 4, involving one participant with low self-esteem issues. Data was collected through interviews, direct measurement, and observation. The assessment results indicated that the client frequently felt worthless, with a diagnosis of chronic low self-esteem. The intervention included behavior management over six days through activities such as making the bed, sweeping, and folding blankets. After implementation, there was an improvement in self-esteem, eye contact, and the ability to choose activities. Conclusion : Clients with low self-esteem benefit from social support. Recommended : The hospital is expected to maintain the existing interventions, and future researchers are encouraged to focus their implementation strategies on schizophrenia clients with low self-esteem.

Effect of Virtual Reality Distraction Method on the Level of Salivary Cortisol in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder During Dental Treatment.

To examine the effect of using Virtual Reality distraction on salivary cortisol levels in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) during routine dental treatments. A randomized cross-over study was designed and children with a known diagnosis of ASD, between 8 and 15 years of age, requiring routine, non-invasive dental treatments, were recruited. They were divided into 2 groups (group 1 and group 2) and scheduled for dental treatments using conventional behavior management and/or VR distraction techniques in their first and second dental visit, accordingly. Wong-Baker Faces pain rating scale, Venham's picture test and Frankl's behavior rating scale were administered at the end of each visit to assess subjective parameters of pain, anxiety, and behavior. Salivary cortisol levels were estimated in all children at 3 intervals (baseline, pre-treatment, and post-treatment). 19 children completed the study protocol (group 1 = 10, group 2 = 9) and statistically significant changes were observed in subjective ratings of pain (between groups) and dental anxiety and behavior (between dental visits), in favor of when VR distraction was used. Statistically significant differences were noted in the physiologic stress of the children between dental visits at pre-treatment (in group 2), post-treatment (in both groups), and between the 2 groups at post-treatment (in visit 2), all in favor of VR distraction being used. VR distraction may be recommended as an effective behaviour management technique for children with ASD. CTRI/2018/05/013982 "Retrospectively Registered".

Adapting To Change: The Impact of Flexible Work Models on Employee Engagement and Retention “Proposing a Conceptual Model for Further Exploration”

This study reviews the literature to find relationships between flexible work arrangements, psychological empowerment, and employee engagement in modern organizations. With increasing flexible arrangements, there are pertinent questions on what such arrangements mean to the employees. The Justification of the study based on Social Exchange Theory caters towards examining how flexibility in working time, work-life balance, and a culture of trust translate into a sense of empowerment on the part of employees, inherently determining engagement. Adopting a quantitative research strategy, the research will develop a standardized questionnaire adapted from validated instruments. The targeted population will consist of employees in firms implementing flexible working arrangements determined with statistical formulas that provide assurance of sample size robustness. In evaluating the relationships among the variables and testing the proposed hypotheses, various advanced analytical techniques including Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using Partial Least Squares (PLS), and SPSS will be applied. The findings are anticipated to demonstrate the empirical verification of flexible work arrangements impacting positively on psychological empowerment and employee engagement. This research serves to enhance the existing literature with more practical insights on how contemporary work arrangements raise employee satisfaction and retention levels. On the other hand, the implications of the study will reach academia and industry. Academically, the study will augment the knowledge pool of organizational behavior and human resource management while practically, it will guide organizations in formulating policies on flexible work that enhance committed productivity. Thus, the study will give a holistic overview of the dynamics between flexible work arrangements and employee engagement and provide meaningful insights for organizations in the transformation of work.

Empowering the Sports Scientist with Artificial Intelligence in Training, Performance, and Health Management.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the field of sports science by providing unprecedented insights and tools that enhance training, performance, and health management. This work examines how AI is advancing the role of sports scientists, particularly in team sports environments, by improving training load management, sports performance, and player well-being. It explores key dimensions such as load optimization, injury prevention and return-to-play, sports performance, talent identification and scouting, off-training behavior, sleep quality, and menstrual cycle management. Practical examples illustrate how AI applications have significantly advanced each area and how they support and enhance the effectiveness of sports scientists. This manuscript also underscores the importance of ensuring that AI technologies are context-specific and communicated transparently. Additionally, it calls for academic institutions to update their curriculums with AI-focused education, preparing future sports professionals to fully harness its potential. Finally, the manuscript addresses future challenges, such as the unpredictable nature of team sports, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, including clear communication and mutual understanding between sports scientists and AI experts, and the critical balance between AI-driven insights and human expertise.

KEDUDUKAN TEORI ILMU MANAJEMEN DAN MENGANALISIS TEORI MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN

Management has theories that are classified into seven kinds of groups, namely: classical management theory, behavioral management theory, scientific management theory, system analysis management theory, results-based management theory, and quality management theory, and classical organizational management theory. This study aims to examine the position of management science theory in the context of education. The research method used in this article is qualitative research with a literature study approach. Research with qualitative methods is a method that obtains descriptive data results in the form of words and sentences in writing sourced from the data and information being studied. In-depth analysis will be carried out on management theories relevant to the world of education. This research is expected to provide a more comprehensive understanding of how general management concepts can be applied and adapted in the context of educational institutions. Thus, this research is expected to contribute to the development of more effective and efficient educational management practices.

Unpacking Parenting Intervention Content for Child Maltreatment: A Systematic Review Examining Core Components.

This systematic review synthesized evidence from parental child maltreatment (CM) interventions by reviewing intervention evaluation studies on potentially effective intervention components and delivery techniques as well as identifying differences in the presence of these components based on maltreatment type. Quantitative intervention evaluations with an explicit parental CM outcome published in a peer-reviewed journal were considered for inclusion. This resulted in 60 final studies for the systematic review. The quality appraisal did not exclude any studies. Results were narratively synthesized using the Risk and Resilience Ecological framework and the behavior change techniques taxonomy with the help of systems mapping. Findings revealed the prevalence of intervention components among effective interventions, including parental emotional regulation (micro-individual level), managing child misbehavior (micro-family) and home visiting (mezzo). Prevalent behavior change techniques included "social support" and "instruction on how to perform a behavior" across all ecological levels. Physical abuse had the most maltreatment-type-specific intervention components (e.g., cognitive appraisal and parental motivation) and neglect only had one (management of parental risky health behaviors). No unique components targeting emotional and sexual abuse were identified. Findings highlighted potentially effective intervention components and the way they are delivered along with specific components aimed at types of maltreatment. Intervention provision can utilize these findings to tailor and develop effective provisions for parental CM. Researchers can shift attention to areas requiring more evidence such as the inclusion of a cultural perspective and evaluation of intervention provision for fathers, who are currently under-represented.

A Study on Adolescent Smoking Prevention and Cessation Policies: Based on the Propensity Score Matching-Difference-in-Differences Method.

Introduction: Adolescent smoking can lead to various health problems including atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, making it more difficult to quit smoking during adulthood. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the ordinance by assessing adolescents' smoking cessation behaviors and environmental conditions, according to the "Ordinance for the Prevention of Child and Adolescent Smoking and Support for Smoking Cessation", which was enacted in 2019 in Gwangju City, South Korea, for the first time in the country. Methods: The data for the analysis were obtained from the 2018 and 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Propensity score matching (PSM) ensured homogeneity between ordinance-adopted and non-adopted areas, followed by a difference-in-differences (DID) analysis to assess changes in adolescent smoking behavior, secondhand smoke exposure, and related advertisements. Results: The difference-in-differences analysis of the homogeneous treatment and control groups in 2018 and 2021 showed statistically significant reductions in the variables "experience of secondhand smoke indoors at school" in the secondhand smoke category, and "exposure to smoking advertisements in convenience stores" in the smoking advertising category. However, there were no statistically significant changes in the other eight variables, such as smoking behavior and smoking cessation advertising. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the ordinance enacted in Gwangju Metropolitan City in 2019 created a positive environment for smoking prevention in convenience stores and schools for adolescents. Furthermore, if the ordinance is supplemented with the management of smoking behaviors and smoking cessation advertisements, it is expected to achieve the main purpose of the policy, which is to protect adolescents from smoking.

Effect of Reinforcement Duration on Response Rate of Stingless Bees (Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides)

Studies with bees typically observe one response to the experimental apparatus per visit, as the bee returns to the hive after filling its honey vesicle. This reduces the sample of the behavior of interest, posing analytical and methodological challenges for studying certain processes. The present study aimed to explore a procedure and its theoretical analysis to promote larger samples of behavior per visit in an experimental chamber. The procedure consisted of fractionating the amount of syrup consumed to increase the number of bar-press responses per visit by Melipona quadrifasciataanthidioides stingless bees. Experimental subjects were taught to press a bar for access to a 30-s syrup solution (average time to fill the honey vesicle). Once stability was achieved, the syrup was fractionated (i.e., reduced) based on duration. Durations of 6, 10, 15, and 30 s were applied as consequences for bar pressing. When syrup access was fractionated, experimental subjects continued responding to the bar during the same visit, returning to the hive after vesicle filling. Fractionation of access to syrup increased the response rate. We suggest that manipulating the duration of syrup introduces a second-order schedule, similar to a token system. This exploration has implications for behavioral management in experiments aimed at investigating operant behavior in meliponas bees.Keywords: automated equipment, bar-press response, bees (Melipona quadrifasciata anthidiodes), duration reinforcement, second-order schedule.

Addressing Student Tardiness Through a Strategic Reward System: A Study Among Grade 12 Students

This action research explored the effectiveness of a Strategic Reward System (SRS) in reducing student tardiness among Grade 12 students at Libertad National High School. The main objective was to determine whether implementing a structured reward system could significantly decrease instances of tardiness and enhance punctuality. The study employed a pre- and post-observation design, collecting data from student attendance records before and after the implementation of a lottery-based SRS. The intervention provided tangible incentives for on-time attendance, and the results were analyzed using a Mean Percentage Score and a T-test to assess the significance of changes in student behavior. The findings revealed a notable reduction in student tardiness, with statistical analysis confirming a significant difference between pre-and post-intervention data. The results align with existing literature on the positive impact of reward-based strategies in educational settings. It is suggested that schools adopt a structured reward system as part of their behavior management policy to foster a culture of punctuality and enhance student engagement. Future research should expand on these findings by exploring the application of reward systems across diverse educational contexts and incorporating gamified elements to sustain student motivation.

The Effectiveness of a Training Program Based on Educational Technology Applications in Developing Learning Management Skills among Female English Language Teachers

The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a training program based on educational technology applications in developing learning management skills among English language teachers. To achieve this objective, the researchers employed the experimental method using a one-group design (pre-test and post-test). The study sample consisted of 16 English language teachers in the Directorate of Education for Deir Alla District. The teachers underwent training according to the program, which lasted three weeks, and then the study instrument was applied. The study instrument was an observation checklist designed to measure learning management skills, which consisted of four main areas: managing the educational environment, time management, student behavior management, and organizational and planning management. The results indicated statistically significant differences (α=0.05) between the teachers' scores in the pre-test and post-test across all domains and the total score, with the differences favoring the post-test. Based on these findings, the study recommended several actions, including offering similar training programs to teachers across different educational stages, particularly those focused on educational technology applications. Efforts should also be directed toward designing specialized programs to enhance learning management skills in various subjects and providing tools that support the integration of educational technology in schools, such as smartboards, laptops, and e-learning platforms.

The Impact of E-Wallets on Consumer Spending Behavior and Financial Management

This study examines how e-wallets in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, are influencing consumer buying patterns and money management. The study, which is based on Saudi Vision 2030, which prioritises financial inclusion and economic diversification, looks at how e-wallets affect young to middle-aged users' financial discipline, impulsive buying habits, and purchase decisions. The users' ages range from 22 to 35. Data was collected from 750 individuals using a cross-sectional survey strategy, and descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, such as regression analysis, were used for analysis. The results show that e-wallet adoption has a statistically significant positive impact on consumer purchasing patterns and money management. Convenience, real-time transaction capabilities, and spending tracking tools are some of the e-wallet characteristics that encourage both impulsive purchases and better budgeting techniques. According to the correlation analysis, there is a 0.734% increase in consumer buying behaviour and a 0.603% improvement in financial management for every 1% increase in e-wallet use. Because of their convenience of use and promotional incentives, e-wallets have the potential to simplify financial transactions, but they also provide a risk of excessive spending. In order to reduce the hazards associated with impulsive spending, the study's conclusion highlights the significance of increasing consumer knowledge regarding appropriate e-wallet usage and financial education. Enhancing technology infrastructure, improving e-wallet features for increased user pleasure, and creating regulations that strike a balance between innovation and consumer safety are some of the recommendations. In line with the goals of Vision 2030, these findings advance knowledge of the changing dynamics of digital payments and its consequences for financial inclusion, personal finance, and overall economic growth. This study offers useful information to help stakeholders—such as customers, financial institutions, e-wallet providers, and legislators—make the most of digital payment systems and encourage prudent financial practices. To further enhance the conversation on digital payment ecosystems, future studies should examine sector-specific adoption trends and longitudinal effects.

Common Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) Farming in Bangladesh: Current Status, Reproductive Behavior and Health Management

The research was carried out in a few selected regions of Bangladesh from July 2022 to June 2023 to explore the current status, reproductive behavior, and health management of captive common peafowl (Pavo cristatus). Ten peafowl farmers were interviewed using pre-structured questionnaire to collect primary data. The data were processed, and then illustrated in tabular form employing descriptive statistical analyses. The majority of the farmers were aged between 31 to 50 years, with 50% engaged in business. They became interested in peafowl farming through social media, other farmers, and friends. Notably, most of the farmers reared India Blue variety of common peafowl. They had neither prior experience nor participated in any training programs on peafowl farming. The adult male peafowl (peacock) significantly (P<0.0001) outweighed female peafowl (peahen). The age of first laying for peahens was around 2 years. Majority of the farmers reared 21 to 60 birds with an average egg production of 22.90±1.43 eggs/bird/year. The mean egg weight and clutch size were 95.70±4.54 g and 9.30±0.47 eggs, respectively. The average incubation time was 28.90±0.43 days. Fertility and hatching rates were 87.30±1.40 and 74.30±1.07%, respectively. Majority of the farmers (80%) used poultry feed for feeding peafowls and routinely used drugs and additives in the feed and water. Forty percent of the farmers sought veterinary advice and 60% implemented general biosecurity procedures. The prevalence of Newcastle disease (20.70%) was significantly (P<0.0001) higher compared to other diseases. Despite numerous challenges, peafowl farming in Bangladesh was found to be highly profitable in comparison to the costs. However, effective training programs, research initiatives, and strategic marketing efforts are crucial for the development of peafowl farming as a new income generating venture in the country. Therefore, peafowl farming could flourish with targeted interventions and support from both the government and private enterprises in Bangladesh. J. of Sci. and Tech. Res. 6(1): 21-32, 2024

A Digital Approach for Addressing Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors in Youth Mental Health Services: Observational Study.

Long wait times for mental health treatments may cause delays in early detection and management of suicidal ideation and behaviors, which are crucial for effective mental health care and suicide prevention. The use of digital technology is a potential solution for prompt identification of youth with high suicidality. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a digital suicidality notification system designed to detect and respond to suicidal needs in youth mental health services. Second, the study aimed to characterize young people at different levels of suicidal ideation and behaviors. Young people aged between 16 and 25 years completed multidimensional assessments using a digital platform, collecting demographic, clinical, social, functional, and suicidality information. When the suicidality score exceeded a predetermined threshold, established based on clinical expertise and service policies, a rule-based algorithm configured within the platform immediately generated an alert for treating clinicians. Subsequent clinical actions and response times were analyzed. A total of 2021 individuals participated, of whom 266 (11%) triggered one or more high suicidal ideation and behaviors notification. Of the 292 notifications generated, 76% (222/292) were resolved, with a median response time of 1.9 (range 0-50.8) days. Clinical actions initiated to address suicidality included creating safety plans (60%, 134/222), conducting safety checks (18%, 39/222), psychological therapy (8%, 17/222), transfer to another service (3%, 8/222), and scheduling of new appointments (2%, 4/222). Young people with high levels of suicidality were more likely to present with more severe and comorbid symptoms, including low engagement in work or education, heterogenous psychopathology, substance misuse, and recurrent illness. The digital suicidality notification system facilitated prompt clinical actions by alerting clinicians to high levels of suicidal ideation and behaviors detected among youth. Further, the multidimensional assessment revealed complex and comorbid symptoms exhibited in youth with high suicidality. By expediting and personalizing care for those displaying elevated suicidality, the digital notification system can play a pivotal role in preventing rapid symptom progression and its detrimental impacts on young people's mental health.

Is Pilates an effective tool for the management of kinesiophobia in musculoskeletal disorders?

BACKGROUND Kinesiophobia is a common condition often manifested in patients with musculoskeletal disorders within the process of rehabilitation. Recently, the literature has been investigating whether Pilates could contribute to the management of kinesiophobia in various musculoskeletal disorders. However, aggregated data regarding its effectiveness are absent from literature. AIM To evaluate recordings of the Pilates method in kinesiophobia related to musculoskeletal disorders. METHODS PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Pedro databases were all scrutinized for randomized controlled trials, by two or more intervention groups, where at least one group received a Pilates-based intervention and which had been conducted in patients aged 18-65 years with musculoskeletal disorders, having assessed at least one outcome related to kinesiophobia. The systematic review was based on the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS We have identified five studies, with a total of 366 patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Three of them showed that a Pilates-based intervention by either mat or equipment can combat kinesiophobia in patients with musculoskeletal conditions, while another showed that Pilates exercises with equipment may have better long-term effects on kinesiophobia compared to Pilates mat. CONCLUSION Overall, a strong level of research evidence has been amassed for the Pilates intervention as well as a moderate level of research evidence for the effectiveness of equipment-based Pilates in reducing kinesiophobia in patients with musculoskeletal disorders. While the underlying mechanisms driving such a result remain unknown, it appears that Pilates can influence both biological and psychological factors in musculoskeletal disorders, thus resulting in the management of kinesiophobic behaviours.