Behavioral Characteristics Research Articles

How European consumers value wine credence attributes: a cross-country comparison of France, Greece and Italy

Several attributes can be used to differentiate wine products to meet consumer interest and thus increase producer visibility, attractiveness and revenues. The perception towards the same attribute may depend on various factors that characterise the subjects, such as individual, behavioural and situational characteristics, like their country of origin. This study aims to identify which credence attributes and related levels motivate consumers the most to buying wine, by comparing the results obtained in three different European countries: France, Greece and Italy. A conjoint experiment based on linear assumption was administered using price, production method, geographical indication and wine origin as product attributes. The conjoint data were analysed in three steps: performing a model with the whole sample; performing three models using national data to compare results between the countries; performing a cluster analysis using the Ward method to associate consumer characteristics with product attributes. Results show that origin is the most valued attribute for choosing wine, followed by the production method. Cross-country evaluation reveals several significant differences among the attributes of the production method, geographical indication and origin. The cluster analysis identified three groups named: High price and national wine seekers; Certification seekers and Price-sensitive seekers. This paper provides several implications for both academicians and enterprises. Indeed, it is the first evaluation comparing the role given by consumers to biodynamic certification in a cross-country evaluation. Several indications are also provided for producers who can help differentiate better wine production by earning a higher income.

Behavior recognition algorithm based on a dual-stream residual convolutional neural network

Abstract In the process of behavior recognition, the recognition operation may be carried out in various environments such as sunny, cloudy, and night. Since traditional recognition algorithms are judged by identifying the pixels of the image, the intensity of the light will affect the image. The brightness and contrast of the display thus interfere with the recognition results. Therefore, traditional algorithms are easily affected by the lighting environment around the recognition object. To improve the accuracy and recognition rate of the behavior recognition algorithm in different lighting environments, a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm using a dual-stream method of time flow and spatial flow is studied here. First, we collect behavioral action data sets and preprocess the data. The core of the behavior recognition algorithm of the dual-stream residual CNN is to use the time stream and the spatial stream to fuse behavioral features and eliminate meaningless data features. After processing Perform feature selection on the data, select the acoustic wave and light-sensing features of the data, and finally, use the extracted features to classify and identify using the two-stream residual CNN and the traditional behavior recognition method. The behavior recognition algorithm based on the dual-stream residual CNN was tested on the data of four groups of people. For the behavioral feature map with a data volume of 50, the behavior recognition algorithm of the dual-stream residual CNN was effective in various environments under different lighting conditions. The recognition accuracy can reach 83.5%, which is 12.3% higher than the traditional. The behavior recognition algorithm of the dual-stream residual CNN takes 17.25 s less than the conventional recognition algorithm. It is concluded that behavior recognition based on dual-stream residual CNNs can indeed improve the recognition accuracy and recognition speed in environments with different lighting conditions than traditional behavior recognition.

Productive and morphological features of females and calves of domestic deer of the Evenk and Nenets breeds during the calving period

Purpose: to conduct a comparative description of the productive and morphological characteristics of domestic reindeer of the Nenets and Evenki breeds.Materials and methods. Study of the morphological, behavioral and reproductive characteristics of domestic reindeer of the Nenets and Evenki breeds, kept in various natural and climatic conditions of the tundra and northern taiga, during the calving and dairy periods. Experimental data were collected from clinically healthy animals. The research was carried out in accordance with the basic methods of zootechnical research (observation, examination). Their gender (visually) and age were determined (using ear tags and animal registration data, and, if necessary, based on the degree of tooth wear); An assessment of the exterior of the reindeer herd was carried out before the rut to select males and females for mating. Methods of visual assessment, linear measurements of animals, and field chronometry of calving were used.Results. The Evenki breed of deer is distinguished by its large size, height, high load-carrying capacity and endurance when transporting goods and people. It has been established that the dynamics of calving of domestic reindeer of the Evenki breed is identical to the dynamics of calving of Nenets reindeer, but there are some peculiarities. In the tundra zone, calving takes 3—5 days longer, and the initial phase begins (on average) 7-10 days earlier than in the taiga zone. The live weight of Evenki breed calves at birth is 0.8 kg higher than that of Nenets breed calves. The intensity of growth up to 3 months of age is higher in the early, mass and late periods of calving. It has been established that calves of the early calving period exceed in live weight at birth and its growth the calves of the mass period, and those, in turn, exceed the calves of the late calving period. This pattern can be traced up to 6 months of age. Calves of early and mass calving periods, having the potential for rapid growth, find themselves in more favorable nutritional conditions in the first months of life than late calves. This is expressed in the ability to receive green pasture food 15-25 days earlier and be stronger by the time the blood-sucking dipterous insects appear. Early calving Nenets calves are more active at night, since there is still a lot of snow in the tundra zone during this period and the temperature sometimes drops below 0ºC.

A Survey on AI-Driven Mouse Behavior Analysis Applications and Solutions.

The physiological similarities between mice and humans make them vital animal models in biological and medical research. This paper explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in analyzing mice behavior, emphasizing AI's potential to identify and classify these behaviors. Traditional methods struggle to capture subtle behavioral features, whereas AI can automatically extract quantitative features from large datasets. Consequently, this study aims to leverage AI to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of mice behavior analysis. The paper reviews various applications of mice behavior analysis, categorizes deep learning tasks based on an AI pyramid, and summarizes AI methods for addressing these tasks. The findings indicate that AI technologies are increasingly applied in mice behavior analysis, including disease detection, assessment of external stimuli effects, social behavior analysis, and neurobehavioral assessment. The selection of AI methods is crucial and must align with specific applications. Despite AI's promising potential in mice behavior analysis, challenges such as insufficient datasets and benchmarks remain. Furthermore, there is a need for a more integrated AI platform, along with standardized datasets and benchmarks, to support these analyses and further advance AI-driven mice behavior analysis.

Cafeteria diet and caloric restriction affect metabolic but not behavioral characteristics in male Wistar rats

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a cafeteria diet and caloric restriction on behavioral and metabolic profiles of adult male Wistar rats. The rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 12/group) and from 10 weeks of age fed either ad libitum standard rat chow (control group), ad libitum cafeteria diet in addition to standard chow (diet-induced obesity (DIO) group) or kept on caloric restriction (at 85% weight of controls; restricted group) for a period of 12 weeks. Body weight was assessed twice per week and glucose levels were measured at three times during the 12-week period. At week 11 the animals were behaviorally profiled using the multivariate concentric square field™ (MCSF) test. After 12 weeks of diet the animals were euthanized, blood collected, relative organ weights were assessed and plasma or serum levels of insulin, glucose, and lipid profile were measured. The DIO group gained 23% more weight than the control group (p < 0.001) and increased adipose tissue weight in comparison to the control (p < 0.001) and restricted (p < 0.001) groups. Glucose was significantly increased (p < 0.001) only during the second measurement at week 7 and insulin levels were elevated in the DIO group compared to controls and restricted groups (p < 0.01; p < 0.001, respectively). Plasma cholesterol levels were reduced for both DIO (p < 0.01) and restricted (p < 0.001) groups relative to controls. Adiponectin and leptin levels were higher for the DIO group in comparison to both the control (p < 0.001; p < 0.05) and restricted (p < 0.001; p < 0.001) groups. Thus, the two diets led to significant changes in body weight gain, adiposity, and metabolism. However, they did not alter the behavioral profiles in the MCSF test, suggesting that activity, exploration, risk assessment, risk taking or shelter seeking remained unaffected by the dietary interventions. The current findings suggest that an increase or reduction in energy intake resulted in no behavioral effects, despite the accompanying glycemic alterations potentially related to diabetes development.

Ecological Insights into the Predatory Behaviour of Condylostylus longicornis in Agricultural Fields of Madurai District, India

Researchers affiliated with the Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology at Vivekananda College in Tiruvedakam West, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, along with collaborators from other institutions, have observed a rare predatory behaviour of long-legged fly Condylostylus longicornis (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) in the agroecosystem of the Sholavandan region in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu. In general, C. longicornis favours environments that are close to marshes, streams, meadows, or forests and that are slightly shaded. C. longicornis is considered an optimal bio-indicator species for monitoring and conserving water quality. This article provides an overview of the history, behavioural characteristics, and ecological significance of C. longicornis.

Representation of gender images of female military in the Ukrainian media

Based on developments in gender sociology, the theoretical foundations of patriarchal and egalitarian approaches to gender images via analysis of gender roles are defined. The patriarchal approach to gender roles is based on biological determinism and essentialism and creates a clear division into male and female roles that are often opposed. Appealing to the principles of sociobiology, this approach involves the gendered division of labor laid down into gender-role stereotypes; assigning different psychological and behavioral characteristics to women and men with the help of gender traits and a gendered perception of appearance. Accordingly, the main attributes of femininity are attachment to reproductive and caring work; softness and emotionality, and a canonically attractive appearance. The increase in the number of female military personnel since the beginning of the full-scale Russian invasion has led to an increase in their visibility in the media, which can be considered an egalitarian trend.The empirical basis of the article is a qualitative content analysis of selected 48 media materials published in the period from February 24, 2022, to April 25, 2024, which contain references to the participation of female military personnel in the Russo-Ukrainian war.Quotes conveying gender-role stereotypes, appearance stereotypes, and gender trait stereotypes were coded within the patriarchal approach. Gender-role stereotypes manifested themselves in narratives about the traditional division of roles, the exoticization of female military personnel, benevolent sexism, and protective paternalism toward military women.Within the framework of the egalitarian approach, two strategies were considered: gender neutrality and gender sensitivity. In the framework of the first, the identity of the “military person” came to the fore, as opposed to the gender identity. In the materials of the sample, this was reflected both in the phrases of the heroines that “there are no men and women at the front”, and from the side of the media, which used similar phrases for the titles of the materials. When applying the strategy of gender sensitivity, women in the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU) were discursively singled out in a separate category, in particular, on behalf of the media. It was said that women in the army occupy various positions, both rear and combat, and this is not an anomaly or an exception to the rules. At the same time, the issue of the fact that women face certain challenges (access to military equipment is still quite limited) and have unmet needs, such as the lack of women’s uniforms, equipment, and limitations in personal hygiene, was brought up.

Application and Empirical Analysis of Fuzzy Neural Networks in Mining Social Media Users’ Behavioral Characteristics and Formulating Accurate Online Marketing Strategies

In the current digital social environment, social media platforms have become an important position for user behavior insights and precision marketing. User behavioral data on social media contain rich information, but they are often fuzzy, uncertain and highly complex. Fuzzy neural network (FNN), as an advanced model combining fuzzy logic and neural network theory, provides a powerful tool for processing and analyzing social media user behavioral features. This study is dedicated to exploring the application of fuzzy neural networks in social media user behavior analysis and their key role in the design of accurate online marketing strategies. We construct and optimize a fuzzy neural network model by meticulously classifying and quantifying user behavioral features, including behavioral frequency features, content topic features, social interaction features, and time series features, as well as applying fuzzy set theory to deal with fuzzy features such as emotional states. Through empirical analysis, we will show how fuzzy neural networks can reveal the intrinsic laws behind user behaviors, and how these insights can be used to design and implement precise online marketing strategies to improve advertising effectiveness, user engagement, and brand loyalty.

Epidemiological and clinical aspects of Guilain-Barré syndrome, 2012-2022

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy, generally post-infectious, and is the leading cause of acute flaccid paralysis worldwide. To describe the epidemiological, clinical and behavioral characteristics of Guillain-Barré syndrome. An observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out. The records of all patients with GBS from 2012-2022 were reviewed, and information on epidemiological and clinical variables was obtained. The incidence was calculated for each of the study years and the trend for the study period using the Pearson correlation coefficient, considering p ≤ 0.05 statistically significant. A total of 477 cases were obtained, 67% were men, among the comorbidities, drug addictions were present in 31% of the cases. Most cases were preceded by a gastrointestinal infectious condition. The most common phenotype was acute motor axonal neuropathy. 29% showed up in summer. A statistically significant tendency to increase was observed (p ≤ 0.05) and a mortality of 2.5% with predominance in the axonal variety. The results of this study cover a relatively long period compared to other reviews, the findings agree with previous studies. GBS showed a statistically significant tendency to increase.

Changes in the ideal body shape associated with adolescent rowing-ergometry performance following a 6-week training intervention: New scaling insights using three-dimensional allometry.

Scaling, to remove the effects of body size, is an important methodological approach for enabling an equitable comparison of performance differences between individuals who vary in anthropometric characteristics. Many previous studies using scaling in sport have done so based on only one or two anthropometric characteristics, with only one study to date adopting a three-dimensional approach. To apply a three-dimensional allometric model to rowing ergometer performance (REP) in adolescents, and to detect whether key 'scaling' parameters remain stable when scaling REP both before and after a 6-week training intervention. Novel three-dimensional allometric models were used, incorporating body mass, stature and waist circumference (WC) to detect the most appropriate body size dimension(s) and scaling parameters associated with REP before and after a 6-week training intervention. Using this more flexible and sensitive three-dimensional allometry demonstrated that, following 6-weeks of training, there was a change in the ideal body shape associated with REP. Before training, taller, but not heavier, adolescents performed better. After 6-weeks of training, older participants with a greater body mass but smaller WC performed better. Scaling approaches are important for evaluating performance differences between individuals of differing body size. The findings from the current study (using a novel three-dimensional allometry approach) emphasise that relatively subtle changes in individuals' behavioural characteristics, such as changes in their training/fitness status, can result in quite dramatic changes in the body dimension characteristics and scaling parameters deemed to be key for performance in activities such as REP.

Behavioral Features and Blood Enzyme Activity in Offspring of Rats Conceived from an Alcohol-Intoxicated Father

Quite often, conception of a child occurs after consuming small doses of alcohol. However, effect of this factor on offspring has not been studied at all. The aim of this study was to examine the level of motor activity, anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior, sensitivity to analgesic effect of ethanol, as well as activity of the enzymes DPP-IV, PEP, and ADG in the blood of rats whose fathers received ethanol immediately before mating. As a result of the conducted experiments, it was found that the males conceived by the intoxicated fathers have significant differences in behavior compared to control animals. Thus, motor activity in the rats conceived by males under the influence of alcohol was 2-2.5 times less intense; they exhibited decreased severity of the anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior. In such animals, activity of DPP-IV and ADG was increased and activity of PEP in the blood was reduced. In the rats conceived by the fathers under the influence of alcohol, analgesic effect of ethanol was decreased, and there was also reduction in response of the activities of ADG, DPP-IV, and PEP enzymes to ethanol administration. It is assumed that a single use of ethanol by male rats immediately before mating leads to the decrease in methylation of the paternal inherited genes in offspring. As a result, activity of a number of enzymes could change, which leads to the change in the balance of neuropeptides involved in mediation of animal behavior.

Acute cannabidiol treatment reverses behavioral impairments induced by embryonic valproic acid exposure in male mice

Cannabidiol (CBD), the major non-psychotomimetic compound of the Cannabis sativa plant, has shown promising effects in addressing various symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This neurodevelopmental disorder typically impacts cognitive, behavioral, social communication, and motor skills domains. However, effective treatments for the wide range of symptoms associated with the disorder are limited and may trigger undesirable effects. Embryonic exposure to valproic acid (VPA, 500 mg/kg at 12° day embryonic age) in rodents is a consolidated environmental model for studying behavioral and molecular characteristics related to ASD. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether acute CBD could reverse behavioral impairments in adult mice (eight weeks) exposed to VPA in the embryonic period in four distinct trials. In independent groups of animals, the following assays were conducted: I) Pre-Pulse Inhibition Test (PPI), II) Marble Burying, III) Social Interaction, IV) Actimeter Test, and V) Novel Object Recognition Test (NOR). In the PPI paradigm, mice exposed to VPA showed PPI impairment, and CBD (30 and 60 mg/kg) reversed this disruption. CBD (60 mg/kg) respectively decreased the number of buried marbles, improved social interaction time, but failed to reduce stereotyped-like movements in the VPA group. In NOR test CBD at both doses reversed the impairment in index of recognition induced in VPA group. These findings suggest that acute CBD administration can ameliorate behavioral impairments associated with ASD in a well-established animal model for studying this neurodevelopmental disorder.

Pain and development: interacting phenomena

Abstract For decades, clinicians and researchers have observed bidirectional relationships between child development and the pain experience in childhood. Pain in childhood is an inherently developmental phenomenon, embedded in an iterative, time-dependent process that reflects individual biological, behavioral, social, psychological, and environmental characteristics that unfold across the early life span. Childhood pain can have wide ranging effects on brain development in ways that contribute—for better and worse—to social, emotional, and cognitive well-being in childhood and on into adulthood. Atypical trajectories of development in the context of disorders such as autism, cerebral palsy, ADHD, and mood/anxiety disorders also contribute to unique childhood pain experiences. In this paper, pain will be considered as a determinant of development, and conversely development will be considered as a key determinant of a child's pain experience. We will discuss how intersectional identities (eg, gender, race, socioeconomic status) and associated social, structural, systemic, and physical environments influence the relationship between development and pain. Finally, we will identify what might be needed to think “developmentally” in ways that extend from the “bench side” in the lab to the “curb side” in the community, integrating a developmental perspective into research and clinical practice to achieve health accessibility and equity in pain care for all children across the developmental spectrum.

Predictors of Cardiac Rehabilitation Attendance and Completion: Analysis of 33,055 Patients from the Queensland Cardiac Outcomes Registry (2020–2022)

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) under-attendance presents a global challenge. The Queensland Cardiac Outcomes Registry is a comprehensive clinical registry that routinely collects point-of-care CR data. We aimed to determine whether demographic, clinical, psychosocial, and behavioural characteristics of the population vary between those who (i) declined, (ii) commenced but did not complete, and (iii) completed CR. The cohort comprised 33,055 patients referred to one of 56 Queensland CR services extracted from the Queensland Cardiac Outcomes Registry (2020-2022). Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with CR non-attendance and non-completion. Over the study period, 12,152 patients (37%) declined CR, 11,621 (35%) initiated but did not complete CR, and 9,282 (28%) completed CR. Significant predictors of CR non-attendance were aged ≥75 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42-1.61), Indigenous status (aOR 1.65; 95% CI 1.50-1.81), living regionally (aOR 1.76; 95% CI 1.65-1.87) or remotely (aOR 2.33; 95% CI 1.92-2.82), and having arrhythmia (aOR 2.38; 95% CI 2.07-2.73), heart failure (aOR 1.54; 95% CI 1.37-1.74), non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (aOR 1.30; 95% CI 1.21-1.40) or unstable angina (aOR 1.24; 95% CI 1.1.13-1.37). Significant predictors of CR non-completion were age <55 years (aOR 1.55; 95% CI 1.37-1.75), Indigenous status (aOR 1.60; 95% CI 1.29-1.98), living regionally (aOR 1.29; 95% CI 1.12-1.48), obesity (aOR 1.14; 95% CI 1.01-1.28), being a current (aOR 1.97; 95% CI 1.70-2.27) or former smoker (aOR:1.22, 95% CI 1.11-1.33) and having low social support (aOR 1.58; 95% CI 1.24-2.02). As one of the largest studies of CR participation to date, these findings can now be applied to develop targeted, co-designed initiatives to enhance CR participation, especially among First Nations populations, smokers, those with limited social support, people living regionally/remotely, patients with arrhythmia and heart failure, and those in varying age groups.

Identifying a broad range of psychological characteristics associated with unsafe driving behaviors

Unsafe driving behaviors (UDBs) represent one of the most consequential classes of behavior in public health. The present study aims to identify a greater range of psychological and behavioral characteristics associated with UDBs, with a special focus on identifying characteristics varying in their associations with different UDBs. Data was analyzed from the Eugene-Springfield Community Study (ESCS) linking self-ratings of the 2539-item International Personality Item Pool (IPIP; Goldberg et al., 2006) to self-reports of four UDBs: speeding, driving after drinking alcohol, driving without a seatbelt, and consuming food or drinks while driving. A subset of 176 IPIP items were identified as having non-trivial relations with the four UDBs, which were then organized into 20 more specific clusters. Some groups were commonly predictive of all four UDBs, such as tendencies to break rules, to view cheating as acceptable, or to talk impulsively. Others were mainly predictive of one UDB but not others. For instance, religiosity was uniquely predictive of lower tendencies to drive after drinking alcohol, whereas negative self-perceptions were uniquely predictive of greater tendencies to drive without a seatbelt. The results provide a more molecular, fine-grained picture of the characteristics associated with UDBs, which can inform larger models of why people engage in UDBs, and why they perform some but not others.

Identifikasi Pembuluh Darah Jari Tangan, Menggunakan Bahasa Pemrograman Python

Biometric systems automatically identify people based on their behavioral characteristics. Finger veins are more secure as biometric data than other biometric data. Finger vein patterns are difficult to forge because they are below the surface of the skin. To make the vascular pattern visible on the skin, a special method is needed to identify it. This research aims to develop a finger vein recognition system using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method implemented in Python, with the aim of replacing the fingerprint-based employee attendance system in hospitals. This method offers higher security and resistance to forgery, given that finger veins are difficult to access from outside the body. This research utilizes the blood vessel dataset from Kaggle and goes through three main stages: preprocessing, training, and testing. The trained CNN model showed high performance with 99.99% accuracy in recognizing patterns in the finger vein images. The results of this study confirm that the developed system can provide accurate

The Application of Behavioral Aspects to the Accounting System Pt Perkebunan Nusantara Vi (Ptpn Vi) Jambi Region

The purpose of this study was to present empirical support for the use of behavioral features in the accounting system. We carried out our investigation at PT Perkebunan Nusantara VI (PTPN VI). The sample technique used was called purposeful sampling. The research sample consisted of 45 respondents. two types of statistical analysis: descriptive and inferential. It is anticipated that the literature on accounting information systems and behavioral accounting will benefit from the study's examination of the behavioral components of the accounting system. Because understanding the behavioral characteristics of the accounting system can be taken into account when making decisions or policies for the company's advancement, the practical benefits of the research's findings assist the business. The results demonstrated that the accounting system is impacted by motivation. At PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VI (PTPN VI) Jambi Region, perception has no discernible impact on the accounting system, learning has no effect, and emotion has a partial impact.

Prevalence and Correlates of Poor Sleep Quality Among Psychiatry Physicians in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Sleep issues pose a significant burden to public health and well-being in Saudi Arabia. However, research evidence on sleep health among psychiatry physicians in this territory is limited. Therefore, to bridge the research gap, this study was designed to assess the prevalence and predictors of poor sleep quality among psychiatry physicians in the country. This cross-sectional study included 554 psychiatry physicians in Saudi Arabia from March to August 2023. Data were collected via online through a structured questionnaire (Google survey form). Sleep quality, the outcome variable of our study, was evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; 19 items). Independent variables included sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics, sleep habits, major depression (assessed with Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and anxiety (measured with Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) symptoms. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the correlates of poor sleep quality. Based on the PSQI, 61.3% of the study participants had poor-quality sleep (age range: 24-56 years, male: 48.0%). The adjusted model revealed that male participants (AOR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.70-4.61) and those who had on-call duties ≥ 2 times per week (for three/four per week: AOR = 3.41, 95% CI = 1.89-6.14) were at higher risk of developing poor sleep quality compared to their respective counterparts. Participants with depressive symptoms (AOR = 3.46, 95% CI = 1.60-7.48) and smoking habits (AOR = 3.47, 95% CI = 1.32-9.08) had higher odds of developing poor sleep quality than their counterparts. Moreover, participants who always used their smartphone/laptop before going to bed were more likely to have poor sleep quality than those who never used such (AOR = 3.15, 95% CI = 1.31-7.60). Poor sleep quality is extremely prominent among psychiatry physicians in Saudi Arabia. Male sex, higher on-call duty, smoking habits, depression, and smartphone/laptop use before bedtime were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. These findings emphasize the need for sleep-health promotion interventions for Saudi psychiatry physicians.

Risk factors threatening children’s safety in the school environment

School safety encompasses risk reduction efforts to ensure that children act in an environment that is safe and promotes the well-being of the students to achieve their full potential. Therefore, a safe and secure environment is a prerequisite for effective teaching and learning. This scoping review aims to address a range of school safety risk factors and introduce the complexity of school safety. School is believed to be a safe learning and growing environment; however, various conditions can threaten children’s safety in a school setting and lead to injuries caused by accidents, risky or/ aggressive behavior, or environmental exposure. In addition to the physical, psychological, and behavioral characteristics of children that make them particularly vulnerable to accidents, there are several unpredictable risks associated with natural or man-made conditions or disasters that can also put children at extreme risk. A balance between safety, surveillance, and emergency preparedness measures may be beneficial to create a safety culture in schools that will enable student behavioral and intervention support.

Bias-Motivated Physical or Verbal Violence Among Men Who Have Sex with Men: Findings from the Lisbon Cohort of MSM

Abstract Introduction Victimization based on sexual orientation or gender identity is a cause for concern. Bias-motivated violence affect not only the individuals targeted but also their communities and societies as a whole. Objective To estimate the proportion of bias-motivated victimization among cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM) and to compare sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and HIV and syphilis test results between victims and non-victims. Methods We used data from the baseline visit of 2811 adult cisgender MSM from July 2017 to December 2020 in the Lisbon Cohort of MSM. Victimization was defined as self-reported lifetime or recent (in the previous 12 months) experience of physical or verbal violence motivated by sexual orientation or gender identity. Rapid HIV and syphilis tests determined serostatus. We conducted descriptive statistics to summarize the sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and the prevalence of victimization and compared groups using the Student t-test or Mann–Whitney U test and chi-square test, as appropriate. Results Overall, 40.3% of participants reported lifetime bias-motivated physical or verbal violence, and 11.7% reported recent victimization. Recent victimization contexts more frequently reported were street/neighborhood (67.9%) and workplace/school (35.5%). Victimization was associated with younger age (mean age: 26.5 vs 30.2, p-value &lt; 0.001), being born in Brazil or other American countries, or being 14 or younger at their anal intercourse with a man debut (19.5% vs. 11.0%, p-value &lt; 0.001). Lifetime victimization was not significantly associated with reactive results for HIV (p-value = 0.135) or syphilis (p-value = 0.760). Conclusion The violence motivated by sexual orientation or gender identity was quite frequent in this community. The occurrence of violence based on sexual orientation or gender identity in the Lisbon Cohort of MSM was associated with adverse social conditions and health risk behaviors. Policy Implications Raising awareness about bias-motivated violence as a hate crime may deter potential aggressions. Primary violence prevention should tackle specificities of sexual and gender minorities.