Behavioral Willingness Research Articles

Simple Reciprocal Fairness Message to Enhance Non-Donor's Willingness to Donate Blood.

Against a background of declining blood donor numbers, recruiting new donors is critical for the effective operations of healthcare providers. Thus, interventions are needed to recruit new blood donors. We provide initial evidence for Voluntary Reciprocal Altruism (VRA) to enhance nondonors' willingness to become blood donors. VRA interventions involve asking two questions: one on accepting a blood transfusion if needed and one on willingness to donate. As early trials often use self-reports of willingness to perform blood donation behavior, we derive a correction factor to better estimate actual behavior. Finally, we explore the effect of VRA interventions on two prosocial emotions: gratitude and guilt. Across three experiments (two in the UK and one in Australia: Total N = 1,208 nondonors) we manipulate VRA messages and explore how they affect both reported willingness to make a one-off or repeat blood donation and influence click through to blood donation, organ donation and volunteering registration sites (behavioral proxies). We report data from a longitudinal cohort (N = 809) that enables us to derive a correction for self-reported behavioral willingness. Across the three experiments, we show that exposure to a question that asks about accepting a transfusion if needed increased willingness to donate blood with some spillover to organ donor registration. We also show that gratitude has an independent effect on donation and report a behavioral correction factor of .10. Asking nondonors about accepting a transfusion if needed is likely to be an effective strategy to increase new donor numbers.

The effect of message framing and language intensity on green consumption behavior willingness

The effect of message framing and language intensity on green consumption behavior willingness

Effectiveness of persuasive frames in advocacy videos

Using a three-condition, between-subjects experimental design (N = 152), this study investigates the persuasive effects of fear and humor in nonprofit advocacy-style videos. Findings indicate both fear and humor positively affect a behavioral willingness to change behaviors. Mediation analysis of the antecedent variables in the theory of planned behavior model also revealed significant indirect effects of each form of appeal through attitudes. Findings advance current conceptual and practical understanding of the persuasive power of nonprofit advocacy-style videos.

Random forest model to identify factors associated with anabolic-androgenic steroid use

BackgroundOne of the types of doping that is commonly used by bodybuilders, is androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS). The use of AAS besides violating sporting ethics would have serious consequences on physical and mental health statuses. This study aimed to determine the most important factors of using AAS among bodybuilders by prototype willingness model (PWM).MethodsIn this analytical cross-sectional study, 280 male bodybuilders were selected from the bodybuilding clubs in Hamadan city using multistage sampling in 2016. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of demographic information and constructs of the PWM was then used to collect data and random forest model was also applied to analyze the collected data.ResultsBehavioral willingness, attitude, and previous AAS use were found as the most important factors in determining the behavioral intention. Moreover, subjective norms, attitude, BMI, and prototypes were the factors with the greatest effect on predicting behavioral willingness of AAS use. As well, behavioral intention was observed to be more important than behavioral willingness for predicting of AAS use.DiscussionThe obtained results show that the reasoned action path has a greater impact to predict AAS use among bodybuilders compared to social reaction path.

Driving Mechanism of Farmers’ Utilization Behaviors of Straw Resources—An Empirical Study in Jilin Province, the Main Grain Producing Region in the Northeast Part of China

In recent years, the unsustainable behaviors of straw utilization have led to waste straw being one of the sources of agricultural non-point source pollution. Studying the resource utilization of crop straw is conducive to expediate the development of ecological and green agriculture. More importantly, it has long-term significance for the recycling of agricultural waste, improving the quality of rural life, and the employment of farmers. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), taking the representative survey questionnaire of farmers in Jilin Province, China as the sample, the structural equation model (SEM) was constructed to study the main factors that drive the utilization behaviors of straw resources of farmers and to explore the driving mechanism of the farmers behaviors in Jilin Province. The results show that the behavioral attitude and subjective norms of farmers in Jilin Province not only indirectly affect their actual behaviors through behavioral willingness, but also has significant direct effects on their behaviors. The most critical factors that affect the willingness of farmers to utilize the straw resources in Jilin Province are subjective norms and moral responsibilities. The subjective norms of farmers have a direct and significant positive impact on their willingness and behaviors. Behavioral attitude and perceived behavior control have a significant positive impact on their willingness. The behavioral willingness has a significant positive impact on their actual behaviors. This study provides guidance for the utilization of straw resources policy implications.

Application of the theory of planned behavior with agent-based modeling for sustainable management of vegetative filter strips

This study proposes an innovative socio-hydrological modeling framework for the development of environmental policies that are tailored to farmers' attitudes and economic interests but also optimize environmental criteria. From a farmers' on-site survey, a behavior model is developed based on a modified Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The dynamics of the social and environmental system is implemented by coupling an agent-based model (ABM) with an agro-hydrological model for vegetative filter strips (VFS). A case study is conducted with farmers from the Larqui river basin, Chile to understand their standpoint on VFS to reduce soil loss in their agricultural fields and protect water bodies. Partial least square structural equation modeling is used to analyze the survey on farmers’ aspiration and attitudes. It showed that the constructs added to TPB (behavioral morality, behavioral willingness, knowledge) had a significant effect on modeling the intention and behavior of farmers to have VFS. Based on the survey, the farmers were categorized into perceptive, proactive, bounded rational and interactive agents. An ABM was developed using the behavioral categorization, related decision rules, and utility functions of agricultural activities including the VFS implementation and management. The results of the ABM corroborate with the survey of the farmers. The survey supports the view that the decision on the width of VFS is not solely dependent on the utility generated and the reduction in soil losses but also on the behavior of farmers. This behavioral sociohydrological modeling framework is capable of supporting policy-makers in developing tailored environmental policies that might improve the acceptance of sustainable agricultural practices by farmers.

The factors underlying drivers’ unwillingness to give way to ambulances: An application of an extended theory of planned behavior

IntroductionNot giving way to ambulances leads to delays in rescuing patients and sometimes may even cause traffic collisions, which is a public health issue of great concern in many countries including China. This study aimed to examine the socio-psychological factors underlying drivers’ unwillingness to give way to ambulances on urban roads. MethodData were collected from 423 drivers using an online survey. A self-reported questionnaire based on an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) model was used to measure drivers’ behavioral willingness, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, moral norms, anticipated action regret, and anticipated inaction regret. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted to analyze the data. ResultsThe mean age of the drivers was 36.38 (SD = 11.98) years, and there were 249 male and 174 female drivers. Better educated drivers had a lower unwillingness to give way to ambulances (M = 2.31, SD = 0.699) than less educated drivers (M = 2.97, SD = 0.826), and drivers having emergency medical services (EMS) experience using ambulances had a lower unwillingness to give way to ambulances (M = 2.37, SD = 0.732) than drivers without related experiences (M = 2.93, SD = 0.838). Attitude, perceived behavioral control, moral norms, anticipated action regret, and anticipated inaction regret were all significantly associated with drivers’ self-reported unwillingness to give way to ambulances while subjective norms were not. ConclusionThe TPB was useful for understanding drivers' unwillingness to give way to ambulances. Adding the factors of moral norms and anticipated regret could enhance the interpretive power of the TPB. The findings can be used to design more effective interventions against drivers’ unwillingness to give way to ambulances on urban roads.

Fake, Faulty, and Authentic Stand-Taking: What Determines the Legitimacy of Corporate Social Advocacy?

ABSTRACT This study experimentally interrogates the critical preconditions of how an organization legitimizes its corporate social advocacy (CSA) initiatives as an integral part of strategic communication. A 2 × 2 factorial design survey (N = 398) indicates that companies must find a way to bridge two perceptual gaps a factual gap and a conformity gap. The factual gap refers to perceived inconsistency of values – that is, that the company may not walk its talk on moral values. In contrast, the conformity gap refers to values incongruity between public expectations and corporate performance. Using these two conceptual constructs, we classify CSA initiatives into authentic, faulty, and fake. Authentic CSA initiatives project clear corporate moral values and meet public value expectations; unsurprisingly, they are found to generate more substantial perceptions of legitimacy and more positive behavioral willingness than other types of CSA initiative. Previously, few attempts to measure experimentally the legitimacy gaps that frequently arise between public expectations and companies’ actual CSA performance. The authentic CSA could not only fulfill corporate strategic communication missions but also generate the legitimate end of mutual understanding between the organization and the publics.

Mining area ecological protection: knowledge production from the perspective of planned behavior theory

To assess residents’ knowledge of ecological protection in mining areas, an analytical model following the planned behavior theory was developed. Data from China’s Huainan mining area were collected through a questionnaire survey and statistically analyzed through a structural equation model and a resistance diagnosis. Results showed that the relative importance of behavior perception (0.457), behavior attitude (0.332), and behavior norms (0.231) to the mining area ecological protection decreases successively for mining area residents. Further, the dominant influencing factors of economic benefits and neighborhood ethic pressure are identical, except for the observed variables of behavior perception, and there is a difference between the second and the third observed variables in relation to behavior attitude. Finally, it was also found that the causal chain path coefficient of groups with no willingness to pay was greater than that of the others. The findings of this study can help understand the impacts between the behavior cognition of mining area ecological protection and ecological protection, as well as the impact of mining area resident behavior willingness on the causal chain. Further, ecological protection knowledge production based on these are beneficial to achieve ecological security and sustainable development of mining areas. To improve knowledge productions, it is recommended to introduce the concept of ‘co-construction, co-governance, and sharing’ into the production system, devising new means of precise data gathering interventions, and optimizing a new path of value realization.

Intelligent Development of Enterprise Logistics and Its Application Analysis in Supply Chain

In the era of knowledge economy, global competition is becoming increasingly fierce, and competition between individual enterprises has gradually transformed into competition between supply chains. This article mainly studies the intelligent development of enterprise logistics and its application analysis in the supply chain. In this paper, the entropy weight method is used to determine the weight of each index in the index layer of the logistics service provider selection evaluation system. When integrators evaluate logistics suppliers, they must adjust their evaluation index system in real time according to different environments and needs, and modify, add or delete relevant evaluation indexes based on actual conditions. This article uses a two-factor analysis of variance to test the relationship between the two types of social cues and the participants’ social presence. The relationship between the two types of social cues and behavioral willingness was further tested through analysis of variance. After verifying the relationship between social clues and social presence, the structural equation model is further used to test the relationship between social presence and subsequent variables. According to the weight data table, it can be determined that the transaction risk has the greatest impact on the risk level in the supply chain risk, and the corresponding weight value is 0.42. Supply chain technology has greatly promoted the development of enterprise logistics intelligence.

Determinants of Residents' Approach-Avoidance Responses to the Personal Carbon Trading Scheme: An Empirical Analysis of Urban Residents in Eastern China.

The personal carbon trading (PCT) scheme is a policy instrument for reducing downstream carbon emissions and creating a green lifestyle, and a bottleneck hampering its implementation is the behavioral willingness of residents. Due to a pre-existing stimulus-response association, the willingness of residents can be intuitively reflected by their approach–avoidance responses. This study theoretically analyzed the mechanisms for influencing residents’ approach–avoidance responses towards the personal carbon trading scheme based on open-ended interviews, and empirically examined the mechanisms by developing rating scales and conducting questionnaire surveys on urban residents in eastern China. Findings showed that residents’ approach–avoidance responses could be negatively affected by their preference for comfort, whereas they were positively impacted by their ecological values, sense of social responsibility, cognition of the behaviors for carbon emission reduction, and cognition of personal carbon trading. In terms of subjective norms, the culture of environmentalism had a positive effect on residents’ responses to PCT scheme, while the culture of consumerism caused a negative impact on their responses. Furthermore, the perceived behavioral controls of residents partially mediated the relationships between their psychological characteristics and approach–avoidance responses. Finally, primary and pivotal suggestions were proposed for nudging Chinese urban residents towards approaching the personal carbon trading scheme, which provide theoretical support and practical guidance for its implementation.

РОССИЯ: ВОСТОК ИЛИ ЗАПАД? ОБРАЗ РОССИИ В КАРТИНЕ МИРА СОВРЕМЕННОГО СТУДЕНТА

The article studies the ways to identify the ideas of modern youth about Russia and the world around it. This is a key component of the human worldview, which determines both affective sphere (love for the Motherland) and behavior (willingness to protect, sacrifice oneself or, on the contrary, the desire to emigrate). Surveys - both closed and open, as well as detailed, assuming reasoned answers - are offered as tools for identification. The results of surveys of students from Moscow, Yalta, Donetsk are used. In general, students demonstrate a caring attitude towards Russia, a desire to understand its features, however, negative evaluation are also present, all of it being expressed in the corresponding vocabulary and paremia. The study of the linguistic worldview of modern students is impossible without considering such significant dimensions in cultural studies and linguoculturology as collectivism, individualism and the power distance index.

FORMATION OF THE AXIOLOGICAL SPACE OF PERSONALITY IN THE PROCESS OF LEARNING THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE

The article highlights the peculiarities of the formation of the axiological space of the individual in the process of learning the Ukrainian language. Scientific works on the coverage of the outlined problem in them are analyzed. It has been proven that recently a lot of attention has been focused on the study of values in the historical context. The preconditions for the formation of value orientations, which are laid down in preschool age, are determined, but the formation itself takes place in adolescence, when interest in morals, ethics, worldview grows, and the students’ interests switch from specific to general. It is emphasized that the structure of value orientations contains three components: cognitive (awareness of the essence of the phenomenon, its qualities and properties), emotional (experience of the value of the phenomenon), motivational and behavioral (willingness to act in accordance with perceived value in the situation of choice). It was found that the decisive role in the formation of students’ values in Ukrainian language lessons belongs to the didactic and methodological resource, ie the selection of texts and sentences of appropriate content and methodologically appropriate system of tasks for them, as well as topics for creative work and discussion. Emphasis is placed on the structural and functional technology of formation of moral and value orientations in the lessons of the Ukrainian language, which contains stages: information-cognitive, activity-practical, generalizing-discussion. Examples of multilevel exercises and tasks that will contribute to the formation of the axiological space of the student's personality are given.

Does organic food consumption matters to young consumers A study on young consumer’s of India

After independence Indian lifestyle has gone through numerous changes. Indian consumers are welcoming different food options with not only ease in preparation also in the purchase. However, still, food researchers are analysing the factors affecting and helping the consumer in choosing organic food products. To understand this current research was conducted on the young consumers of India. Data of 288 students were analysed with the help of structural equation modelling (SEM). The present study found that among all factors, health concern is highly affecting the purchase intention of young consumers. Other factors as environmental concern, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and willingness to pay (WTP) premium also significantly affect the purchase intention of young consumers. As per the managerial implication concern, the present paper can help managers in promoting organic and environmentally safe foods. This paper will help the managers in the reduction of ecological footprints.

Who Is Willing to Engage in Social Gatherings During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Lockdown? A Curvilinear Relationship Between Age and Heuristic Processing.

BackgroundThe Chinese government implemented a lockdown to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic during the Chinese Lunar New Year when people have the tradition to visit families and friends. Previous research suggested that heuristic processing increased risky behavioral willingness (e.g., desire to have social gatherings despite the pandemic) and that people’s tendency to use heuristic processing varied across different adulthood stages. This study thus investigated the relationships among age, heuristic processing of COVID-19-related information, and the willingness to have social gatherings during the lockdown.MethodsA sample of 1,651 participants was recruited from an online crowdsourcing platform between January 31 and February 04 in 2020, with a mean age of 30.69, 47.9% being women. Participants completed an online questionnaire about heuristic processing of COVID-19-related information, willingness to engage in social gatherings during the lockdown, age, and other demographic information.ResultsAge was found to have a U-shaped curvilinear relationship with heuristic processing, and heuristic processing was positively correlated with the willingness to have social gatherings. Further analyses showed that heuristic processing curvilinearly mediated the relationship between age and the willingness to have social gatherings.ConclusionCompared with young adults, emerging and older adults are more likely to engage in heuristic processing, which in turn, increases the willingness to have social gatherings. Heuristic processing serves as an underlying mechanism to explain the relationship between age and risky behavioral willingness.

Effectiveness of E-Learning Program in Preventing WP Smoking in Adolescent Females in West of Iran by Applying Prototype-Willingness Model: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Given the increasing trend of Water pipe (WP) smoking in adolescent females, it is necessary to use effective educational strategies in preventing WP smoking in developing countries. We aimed to determine effectiveness of e-learning program in preventing WP smoking in adolescent females west of Iran using prototype-willingness model. Study Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: This study was performed on 221 adolescent females in Kermanshah City, Iran during 2019-2020. Multistage random sampling was used. Data collection tool included a researcher-made questionnaire based on prototype-willingness model. E-learning-based intervention program included 5 training sessions. Participants were followed up for 3 months after the intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The mean scores of attitude, subjective norms, prototype, intention, and behavioral willingness structures were similar in both experimental and control groups before the educational intervention. However, after educational interventions, mean scores of structures of positive attitude towards WP, subjective norms about WP smoking, positive prototype about WP smokers, intention, and behavioral willingness towards WP smoking were decreased in the experimental group. Moreover, frequency of WP smoking was decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group after the educational intervention (P=0.003). Conclusion: The use of e-learning-based interventions is an educational strategy for reducing WP smoking in adolescent females.

The Willingness of Dietary and Behavior Changes in the Frontline Epidemic Prevention Workers During 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in China

Background: Frontline epidemic prevention workers play a pivotal role against COVID-19. Their baseline of dietary and behavior habits and willingness to change these habits after experiencing the outbreak of COVID-19 remains unclear.Methods: A self-developed online questionnaire survey was carried out via the WeChat platform, and 22,459 participated, including 9402 frontline epidemic prevention workers.Findings: Before COVID-19, 23.9% of frontline epidemic prevention workers reported a high-salt diet, 46.9% reported a high frequency of fried food intake, 21.6% reported a low frequency of fresh vegetable intake, and 50.9% smoked cigarettes. After experiencing the outbreak of COVID-19, 34.6% had the willingness to reduce salt intake, and 43.7% want to reduce the frequency of pickled vegetable intake. 37.9% had the willingness to decrease or quit smoking, and 44.5% want to increase sleep duration. Significant differences in the baseline of dietary and behavioral habits and willingness to change their habits were observed between the frontline epidemic prevention worker and others(PInterpretation: The dietary and behavior habits of the frontline epidemic prevention workers were worse than others before COVID-19. They had more willingness to adopt healthy dietary and behavior habits after experiencing the outbreak of COVID-19. Because the frontline epidemic prevention workers, who had poor dietary and behavior habits before COVID-19, still choose worse habits, dietary and behavior intervention policies should be drafted to protect their health, especially for those poor habits subgroups.Funding: This work was supported by The Science and Technology Project of Bao'an (NO.2020JD101).Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.Ethics Approval Statement: This study was approved by the ethics committee of Guangdong Medical University.

Predictors of shisha smoking among adolescent females in Western Iran in 2019: Using the Prototype-Willingness Model.

INTRODUCTIONGiven the increasing prevalence of shisha smoking (SS) in adolescent females, it is necessary to determine the factors influencing adolescent’s choice of shisha. This study aimed to determine predictors of shisha smoking among adolescent females in Western Iran based on the Prototype-Willingness Model (PWM).METHODSThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 1302 adolescent females in Kermanshah city, western Iran, in 2019. The method was multi-stage sampling with a systematic random approach. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic questions, history of shisha smoking, and Prototype-Willingness Model structure-based questions. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software. Statistical tests included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation test, and linear and logistic regression analyses.RESULTSThe prevalence of current consumers of shisha was 20.4%. Attitude and behavioral willingness and subjective norms were the most important predictors of behavioral intentions, whereas subjective norms, attitudes, and prototypes were the most important predictors for behavioral willingness. The results obtained from the logistic regression analysis revealed that both pathways of PWM constructs (behavioral intention OR=1.37; behavioral willingness OR=1.32) were significant predicting factors for shisha smoking among adolescent females.CONCLUSIONSGiven the efficient role of behavioral willingness and intention for shisha smoking (SS) in adolescent females, it is necessary to consider these structures in designing educational strategies for the prevention of adolescent smoking.

A model of cultural intelligence and global identity

PurposeThis paper aims to propose an original model of cultural intelligence (CQ), global identity and consumer willingness to buy foreign products. Previous research has discussed the relationships between CQ and global identity but only in the context of multi-cultural management teams. The research presented here proposes a model that is applicable to consumer marketing.Design/methodology/approachOnline surveys are used to collect data from the USA with a snowball sampling technique and from the UK with panel data. A structural equation model (SEM) is estimated in analysis of moment structures 25 and Hayes bootstrap mediation tests are used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe SEM results show that global identity influences motivational CQ, motivational CQ influences cognitive, metacognitive and behavioral CQ and cognitive and behavioral CQ influence consumer willingness to buy foreign products. Results from Hayes Bootstrap mediation tests show that motivational CQ mediates the relationships between global identity and the other three CQ dimensions.Practical implicationsThe findings imply that firms can gauge and enhance consumer CQ levels by investigating or influencing levels of global identity; managers can influence or gauge consumer metacognitive, cognitive and behavioral CQ through motivational CQ; and managers can target consumers with high cognitive and behavioral CQ levels when marketing foreign products.Originality/valueThis paper not only provides a deeper understanding of the relationships between global identity and cultural intelligence but also incorporates CQ in a consumer context. Previous research has only discussed CQ in the context of managers.

Perceived Gender Match and Accepting Alcohol Offers From Peers in Emerging Adulthood.

Emerging adulthood (ages 18-25) has been associated with elevated alcohol use, yet little is known regarding gender identity and drinking contexts in this population. Our goals were to examine the effects of perceived gender match on alcohol use decision-making in social settings among emerging adults. Participants (N=135; 64% white, 11 transgender) completed measures of alcohol consumption, alcohol expectancies and motives, and the Collegiate-Simulated Intoxication Digital Elicitation using an established Internet panel. We conducted a series of univariate analyses to examine the relation between perceived gender match and behavioral willingness (BW) to accept alcohol in a social context. Participants identifying as men were significantly more likely to accept offers of alcohol when compared with women. While men and women did not differ in terms of BW when participants perceived a gender-matched actor making the offer, when there was a gender mismatch, women had significantly lower BW when compared with men. Though transgender participants were more likely to endorse hazardous drinking behaviors, there were no observable effects of transgender identity on BW. In this sample, we found that men have a higher BW for alcohol than women and that trans identified persons are at increased risk for alcohol misuse. These findings support the need for more research examining the effect of gender identity on patterns of alcohol use and decision-making in mixed-gender contexts for emerging adults.