Behavioral Willingness Research Articles

Willingness to Co-receive COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccines among Outpatients

Objectives: This study was designed to examine future willingness to co-receive COVID-19 and influenza vaccines and factors associated with that willingness among outpatients with acute respiratory illness (ARI). Methods: Outpatients ≥15 years with respiratory symptoms for ≤10 days were surveyed about vaccination behaviors and intentions. We used multinomial logistic regression to assess associations between demographic, behavioral and health-related variables and willingness to co-receive future COVID-19 and influenza vaccines. Results: Among 856 patients, 41% had received ≥1 COVID-19 vaccines plus booster and 42% had received seasonal influenza vaccine; 47% reported willingness to co-receive COVID-19 and influenza vaccines with 25% unsure and 28% unwilling. Higher educational attainment (OR=1.80, p=.009), receipt of ≥1 COVID-19 vaccines (OR=4.29, p<.001), greater 5-year influenza vaccine uptake (annually OR=8.54, p<.001; sometimes OR=5.38, p<.001) and lower likelihood of testing COVID-19 positive (OR=0.68, p=.033) were significantly associated with willingness to co-receive compared to those decidedly opposed. Conclusions: Prior vaccination behavior predicted willingness to co-receive future COVID-19 and influenza vaccines. Efforts to encourage co-receipt are more likely to succeed among routine vaccine recipients. Vaccination promotion efforts for those hesitant or unwilling to co-receive these vaccines may need to focus on improving uptake of each vaccine individually.

What affects adolescents' willingness to maintain climate change action participation : An extended theory of planned behavior to explore the evidence from China

Climate change is related to human well-being and the health of the planet. Education is a critical component of global action to mitigate climate change, and young people are future citizens in the fight against climate change. This article discusses the factors that affect adolescents' willingness to continue participating in climate change governance actions. First, based on an expansion of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the article conducts partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis on the data collected before adolescents participate in climate change education courses and clarifies the factors that significantly impact adolescents' behavioral willingness to participate in climate change governance actions. The results showed that emotions (EMO, β = 0.323) had the most significant effect on the willingness to engage in social good (SG) behaviors, followed by attitudes toward environmental protection (ATEP, β = 0.198) and pro-natural emotion (PNE, β = 0.123). Secondly, the researchers devised an exploratory climate change education curriculum and validated its efficacy through empirical research. The single group comparison of before and after lessons results shows that the exploratory climate change education curriculum can improve the scores of the nine measured factors. Higher effect sizes for attitudes toward environmental protection, confidence in protecting the environment, and pro-natural emotion. This study provides a reference theoretical framework and curriculum model for developing climate change education courses. Effective climate change education courses are crucial in improving youth climate literacy and guiding them to respond scientifically to climate change.

Why do U.S. conservatives take fewer COVID‐19 precautions? The role of worry, perceived risk, and governmental trust

AbstractResearch suggests a U.S. political ideology gap for taking COVID‐19 precautions, but we do not know the role of cognitive risk (assessed here as perceived risk) and affective risk (assessed here as worry) in explaining why conservative Americans participated in fewer recommended precautions (e.g., mask wearing) and whether governmental trust attenuates the effect. We predicted that conservatives (compared with liberals) would take fewer precautions because they thought they were less at risk and were less worried about COVID‐19, but that this would be more pronounced for those with low governmental trust. In this study, U.S. adults (representative sample: N = 738; Mage = 46.8; 52% women; 78% white) who had not had COVID‐19 took two online surveys 2 weeks apart during the first wave of the pandemic (April 2020). Participants reported ideology, perceived risk of getting or dying of COVID‐19, worry about COVID‐19, and trust in the CDC and state officials at baseline. At follow‐up, participants reported on COVID‐19 precautions: (1) prevention behavior participation (e.g., mask wearing) and (2) behavioral willingness for future behaviors (e.g., vaccination). Results showed that, politically conservative Americans took fewer precautions due to lower worry (but unexpectedly not due to lower perceived risk). As predicted, when trust was high, the ideology gap was muted for predicting precautions as well as for predicting perceived risk and worry. In sum, conservatives worried less about COVID‐19 which predicted fewer precautions, but trust in governmental institutions reduced this ideological gap. Improving governmental trust could be one fruitful path to increasing COVID‐19 precautions.

Modeling eco-friendly house purchasing intention: a combined study of PLS-SEM and fsQCA approaches

Purpose The urgency to address climate change and its devastating consequences has never been more pressing. As societies become increasingly aware of the detrimental impact of traditional housing on the planet, there is a growing demand for eco-friendly housing solutions that prioritize energy efficiency, resource conservation and reduced carbon emissions. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the factors that influence customers’ priority toward eco-friendly house purchasing intention. Design/methodology/approach This study collected 386 data using a quantitative research strategy and purposive sampling method. This study uses a hybrid analysis technique using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) approaches to identify the influencing factors. Findings The PLS-SEM analysis found that attitude toward the eco-friendly house, subjective norms, performance expectancy, environmental knowledge and environmental sensitivity have a positive influence on eco-friendly house purchasing intention. However, perceived behavioral control and willingness to pay were found to have insignificant effect on customers’ intention to purchase eco-friendly houses. The fsQCA results further revealed complex causal relationships between the influencing factors. Practical implications This research will not only contribute to academic knowledge but also provide practical guidance to real estate developers, policymakers and individuals looking to make environmentally responsible choices. By understanding the factors that influence consumers’ intentions to purchase eco-friendly houses, we can pave the way for a more sustainable and resilient future. Originality/value This study has used a hybrid analysis technique, combining PLS-SEM and fsQCA, to enhance the predictive accuracy of eco-friendly house purchase intentions among individuals residing in densely populated and highly polluted developing countries, such as Bangladesh.

Mpox Incidence and Vaccine Uptake in Men Who Have Sex with Men and Are Living with HIV in Denmark.

(1) Background: Here, we investigate the incidence of mpox and factors associated with vaccine uptake in mainly well-treated men who have sex with men and are living with HIV (MSMWH). (2) Methods: This study included 727 MSMWH from the Copenhagen co-morbidity in HIV infection (COCOMO) study from 1 May to 31 October 2022. Mpox infection and vaccination status were obtained from the Danish Microbiology Database and The Danish Vaccination Register. Vaccination willingness was assessed through an online survey. (3) Results: At a median follow-up of 180 days, 13 (1.8%) participants had laboratory-confirmed mpox infections. Furthermore, 238 (32.7%) had received the mpox vaccine. A sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the preceding two years was associated with a higher risk of mpox infection (hazard ratio 7.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.9-26.9]) and with higher odds of vaccination (adjusted odds ratio 3.1; 95% CI [2.2-4.6]). 401 (55.2%) participants responded to the survey. 228 (57.0%) reported very high vaccination willingness. The self-perceived risk of infection was associated with vaccine uptake. (4) Conclusions: The incidence of mpox was low. A prior STD was associated with both a higher risk of mpox infection and higher odds of vaccination. Despite high-risk sexual behavior and high vaccination willingness, a sizable fraction of participants had not been vaccinated.

A Study on the Audience Psychological Effects of “Cloud Tourism” Based on Webcast: A New Mechanism for Sustainable Development in the Tourism

In recent years, ”cloud tourism” has developed rapidly and has gained a wide audience, gradually becoming a new operation form of sustainable development in tourism. However, research on the audience perception, psychological needs, and behavior in this area is still in its infancy. Taking the tourism webcast on the Chinese Weibo platform as an example, this paper constructs a cognitive-emotional model of Chinese tourists’ “cloud tourism” and explores the impact mechanism of “cloud tourism” on audience behavioral willingness by drawing on the “cognitive-emotional” theory combined with text analysis and grounded theory. The findings suggest that “cloud tourism” can satisfy the audience’s cognitive needs to a certain extent, but the experiential nature of tourism is far from sufficient, and it is difficult to realize the essence of tourism. In the future, “cloud tourism” still needs to continuously exert positive effects, becoming a visual presentation of traditional tourism and a novel operation form of sustainable development.

Agrochemical Input Behavior and Cleaner Production Adoption Willingness of Farmers in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, China

Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei is an important agricultural production area in China, and farmers’ agrochemical input behavior directly affects the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution and the effect of green agricultural development. Based on a questionnaire survey and field interview data, this study investigated the agrochemical input behavior of farmers in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, and analyzed its influencing factors. Using the Probit model, we carried out an empirical study on farmers’ willingness to invest in cleaner production of agrochemicals from four aspects: farmers’ characteristics, agricultural input, environmental awareness and technical cognition. The results showed that the kinds of fertilizer were mainly compound fertilizer, urea and organic fertilizer, and the fertilization method was mainly surface spreading, accounting for 50.6% of the total surveys; the number of agrochemicals was determined chiefly by agricultural sellers, accounting for 55.5%. The proportion of the guidance from technical departments in Beijing was higher than that of Tianjin and Hebei. The first influencing factor for farmers’ behavior towards agrochemical input was the pursuit of high yield and high profit, accounting for 24.9%, 22.6% and 26.0%, respectively. The guidance of relevant technical departments still did not fully cover the use of agrochemicals. The study also found that factors such as the price of farming materials, the price of agricultural products, family income, farmland facilities, government propaganda, technical training and subsidies all impacted the agrochemical input behavior. Pre-production technical guidance and farmers’ awareness significantly affected the willingness to adopt cleaner production. Technical training was helpful to improve farmers’ willingness to participate actively, and enhancing the pertinence of training played an important role in the adoption of cleaner production technology. In conclusion, the influencing factors of farmers’ agrochemical input in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei were complex, and the scientific application level still needs to be improved. This paper finally discusses and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for agrochemical reduction and efficiency improvement.

It Takes Two to Tango: How Ability and Morality Shape Consumers' Willingness to Refill and Reuse.

The waste problem in the U.S. has only intensified in recent years, first due to China's National Sword Policy and then to the COVID-19 pandemic. One solution to this problem is to encourage people to adopt pro-environmental behaviors such as opting for reusables and products with plastic-free alternate packaging. In this study, we employ the value-belief-norm theory to examine whether its proposed causal chain predicts consumers' willingness to use reusables and products with plastic-free alternate packaging. We also explore the moderating role of perceived behavior control, one of the strongest predictors of environmental behaviors. Our research provides support to the value-belief-norm theory in predicting behavioral willingness. The moderating role of perceived behavior control provides additional insight into the theoretical model and furnishes practical implications for strategic communication designed to encourage the adoption of reusables and alternative packaging.

Willingness intensity and co-evolution of decision rationality depending on aspiration enhance cooperation in the spatial public goods game.

The Fermi rule states that rational or irrational sentiment affects individual decision-making. Existing studies have assumed that individuals' irrational sentiments and behavior willingness have fixed values and do not change with time. In reality, people's rationality sentiment and behavior willingness may be influenced by some factors. Therefore, we propose a spatial public goods game mechanism, in which individuals' rational sentiment is co-evolution synchronously depending on the difference between aspiration and payoff. Moreover, the intensity of their subjective willingness to change the status quo depends on the gap between aspiration and payoff. We likewise compare the combined promotion effect of the stochastic "Win-Stay-Lose-Shift" (WSLS) and random imitation (IM) rules. Simulation experiments indicate that high enhancement factors are not conducive to cooperation under the IM rules. When aspiration is small, WSLS is more conducive to promoting cooperation than IM, while increasing aspiration, and the opposite phenomenon will appear. The heterogeneous strategic update rule is beneficial to the evolution of cooperation. Lastly, we find that this mechanism performs better than the traditional case in enhancing cooperation.

Adolescent Aggressive Riding Behavior: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Prototype Willingness Model.

Cycling has always been popular in China, especially during the years when the government encouraged green travel. Many people participate in rides to ease traffic congestion and increase transfer convenience. Due to the disorganized and tidal nature of cycling, cyclists create many conflicts with other groups. Adolescents are vulnerable road users with a strong curiosity and risk-taking mindset. Identifying the factors influencing adolescents' aggressive riding behavior can assist in developing strategies to prevent this behavior. An online questionnaire was used to collect data on bicycling among students in a middle school in Guangzhou, China. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) and prototype willingness model (PWM) have been applied to study travel behavior and adolescent risk behavior. To investigate the impact of psychological variables on adolescent aggressive behavior, we used TPB, PWM, TPB + PWM, and an integrated model. Behavioral intentions are greatly influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Both descriptive and moral norms played a role in behavioral willingness. The integrated model explained 18.3% more behavioral variance than the TPB model. The social reactive pathway explained more variance in behavior than the rational path.

War and pandemic do not jeopardize Germans’ willingness to support climate measures

How do the impacts of acute crises influence citizens’ willingness to support different types of climate measures? An acute crisis can be understood either as an impediment or as an opportunity for climate change mitigation. In the first perspective, crisis impacts would create negative spill-overs and dampen citizens’ willingness to support climate action, while in the second perspective, the opposite would occur. Based on a survey experiment fielded in Germany in 2022 (n = 5438), we find that the economic implications of the Russo-Ukrainian War do not decrease behavioral willingness, while restrictions of civil liberties to combat the COVID-19 pandemic lead to higher climate support, underpinning the crisis-as-opportunity perspective. Willingness to support climate measures is strongest among (1) those most concerned about climate change, and (2) those who trust the government. We conclude that individuals do not wish climate change mitigation to be deprioritized on the back of other crises.

Only empathy-related traits, not being mimicked or endorphin release, influence social closeness and prosocial behavior

Seminal studies suggest that being mimicked increases experienced social closeness and prosocial behavior to a mimicking confederate (i.e., interaction partner). Here we reexamine these results by considering the role of empathy-related traits, an indirect proxy for endorphin uptake, and their combined effects as an explanation for these results. 180 female participants were mimicked or anti-mimicked in an interaction with a confederate. The effects of being mimicked versus anti-mimicked in relation to empathy-related traits and endorphin release (assessed indirectly via pain tolerance) on experienced closeness and prosocial behavior were assessed using Bayesian analyses. Our results suggest that high individual empathy-related traits increase social closeness to the anti-mimicking and mimicking confederate and to one’s romantic partner, as compared to mimicry alone. Results furthermore strongly suggest that high individual empathy-related traits increase prosocial behavior (donations and willingness to help) as compared to mimicry alone. These findings extend previous work by highlighting that empathy-related traits are more influential in creating positive effects on social closeness and prosocial behavior than a one-shot mimicking encounter.

Exploring an Impact of Digital Media Platform on HPV Vaccination Intentions of College Women

Taking the theory of planned behavior as the framework, to understand the willingness and influencing factors of social media apps As on female college students' HPV vaccine behavior, and concerning the measurement of self-efficacy in Keeho-Park's research, combined with this study and modified, the "Influence Analysis Questionnaire of Social Media on Female College Students' HPV Vaccination Willingness" was made.224 female college students (17-<24 years old) were investigated, and the factors influencing the willingness to vaccinate were investigated by a one-sample variance analysis. Results: The behavioral willingness to score of 224 female college students to receive the HPV vaccine was (4.59) points. Media contact frequency, cognitive level, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control were also factors affecting female college students' willingness to receive the HPV vaccine.

Mobile phone use while cycling among e-bikers in China: Reasoned or social reactive?

Introduction: China has the largest number of e-bikers in the world, and e-bike crashes cause thousands of fatalities and tens of thousands of serious injuries annually. Mobile phone use while e-biking is a violation of Chinese law and associated with increased crash risk. The current study investigated mobile phone use behavior while cycling among Chinese e-bikers and the psychological factors surrounding why individuals might choose to engage in this risk-taking behavior. Method: In particular, this study investigates whether the decision to use a mobile phone while cycling is explained through reasoned decision making or is a social reactive decision, or both, as defined by the prototype willingness model (PWM). Questionnaire data were collected from 784 Chinese adults with e-bike experience. Results: Results showed that 40.2 % of the participants reported mobile phone use while cycling e-bikes in the past month. Both behavioral intention and behavioral willingness were predictors of mobile phone while using e-bikes, and they were approximately equal in their magnitude of predictive power (βBI = 0.25; βBW = 0.26). E-bikers’ attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and perception of prototype similarity and favorability were strong predictors of intention, willingness, and self-reported behavior to use mobile phones while e-biking. Conclusions: Both social reactive decision-making and reasoned decision-making contribute to decisions to use a mobile phone while riding an e-bike. Practical Applications: Results have implications for guiding development of interventions to prevent and reduce mobile phone use when e-bike cycling.

Examining the Effect of Social Media Use on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in China

Public willingness to vaccinate has become an important public health issue given the vaccine hesitancy observed worldwide in recent decades. And social media is the main way of information dissemination, and will bring a great impact on people in public health events. The present paper analyzes the relationship between vaccinated Chinese people’s vaccine attitudes and social media information networks. This study aims to explore the impact of social media use on vaccine hesitancy by generating a descriptive statistical and structural model analysis of vaccine hesitancy-relevant content. In this study, the influence model between social media use behavior and vaccination willingness was constructed from three perspectives, including contact intensity, social media trust, and social media information satisfaction. Questionnaires were distributed online, and relevant data analysis software was used. In China, public enthusiasm for the covid-19 vaccine is generally high, and news on social media may have an impact on the willingness to receive the vaccine. Additionally, the Chinese government’s COVID-19 control policies make people who are not willing to actively vaccinate will be vaccinated for their daily life and work reasons. All these reflect the low correlation between vaccination and media publicity. Therefore, social media has a certain impact on COVID-19 vaccination behavior, but it is not the main factor affecting public vaccination.

Behavioral Intention and Willingness to Pay Premium for Green Hotel Concept: The Role of Trust and Green Hotel Attributes

Behavioral Intention and Willingness to Pay Premium for Green Hotel Concept: The Role of Trust and Green Hotel Attributes

What factors contribute to the acceptance of artificial intelligence? A systematic review

Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents are predicted to infiltrate most industries within the next decade, creating a personal, industrial, and social shift towards the new technology. As a result, there has been a surge of interest and research towards user acceptance of AI technology in recent years. However, the existing research appears dispersed and lacks systematic synthesis, limiting our understanding of user acceptance of AI technologies. To address this gap in the literature, we conducted a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-Analysis guidelines using five databases: EBSCO host, Embase, Inspec (Engineering Village host), Scopus, and Web of Science. Papers were required to focus on both user acceptance and AI technology. Acceptance was defined as the behavioural intention or willingness to use, buy, or try a good or service. A total of 7912 articles were identified in the database search. Sixty articles were included in the review. Most studies (n = 31) did not define AI in their papers, and 38 studies did not define AI for their participants. The extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was the most frequently used theory to assess user acceptance of AI technologies. Perceived usefulness, performance expectancy, attitudes, trust, and effort expectancy significantly and positively predicted behavioural intention, willingness, and use behaviour of AI across multiple industries. However, in some cultural scenarios, it appears that the need for human contact cannot be replicated or replaced by AI, no matter the perceived usefulness or perceived ease of use. Given that most of the methodological approaches present in the literature have relied on self-reported data, further research using naturalistic methods is needed to validate the theoretical model/s that best predict the adoption of AI technologies.

Changes in physical activity behavior in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on a trans-theoretical model.

This article presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies of physical activity (PA) behavioral changes in children and adolescents based on the trans-theoretical model (TTM). The main purpose is to test the rationality of TTM and the secondary purpose is to analyze whether PA can effectively identify the stages of change. The databases CNKI, Wan-Fang, VIP, WOS, PubMed, and EBSCO were searched by computer. Two researchers independently reviewed the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the literature. Stata 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis. A total of 17 articles of medium and high quality were included in the meta-analysis. First, the behavior changes of PA of children and adolescents are related to the process of change (POC), self-efficacy (SEI), and decisional balance (DBL). The POC, SEI, and DBL have obvious stage characteristics. Second, with increasing intensity of PA, the degree of discrimination of stage of change (SOC) also improved, but PA could not still fully distinguish each stage. It is suggested that follow-up studies should compare the stages of change of different criteria by comprehensive behavioral data, exercise willingness, and exercise habits. Furthermore, it is recommended that more studies use longitudinal surveys or experimental interventions to test the rationality of TTM. It is suggested that the follow-up study design more standardized measurement tools to explore the change in PA behavior of children and adolescents.

How Does NIMBYism Influence Residents' Behavioral Willingness to Dispose of Waste in Centralized Collection Points?-An Empirical Study of Nanjing, China.

Residents' low behavioral willingness to dispose of waste in Centralized Collection Points (CCPs) seriously hinders the operational efficiency in waste collection of CCPs regarded as NIMBY ('not in my backyard') facilities. However, fewer researchers notice NIMBY facilities with low hazards. It has been ignored that the NIMBYism may influence behavioral willingness during the operation period persistently. Meanwhile, there is no consistent conclusions on internal factors of waste behavioral willingness, which deserves further study. Therefore, this study took CCPs as a research object and aimed to investigate how NIMBYism influences residents' behavioral willingness to dispose of waste in CCPs. The extended theory of planned behavior and structural equation modeling approach involving 550 respondents were adopted to conduct the analysis. The results revealed that attitude (β = 0.295, p < 0.001), government trust (β = 0.479, p < 0.001), and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.222, p < 0.001) have statistical positive impacts on behavioral willingness to dispose of waste in CCPs. Perceived risk (β = ‒0.047, p = 0.022 < 0.05) can influence behavioral willingness negatively. Additionally, government trust (β = 0.726, p < 0.001) exerts a positive impact on attitude. Furthermore, relevant strategies were proposed to enhance residents' behavioral willingness to dispose of waste in CCPs. This study is expected to inspire the government to formulate policies from the aspects of standards and regulations, resident participation, construction, and publicity. It will provide the government instructive suggestions for the smooth operation of CCPs, and ultimately building a healthy and environment friendly society.

Technology or content: Which factor is more important in people's evaluation of artificial intelligence news?

With the introduction of artificial intelligence, journalism has entered a whole new phase of automated content production. This paper analyzes the content evaluation and behavioral willingness of audiences towards different types of news written by human and computer through a 2*2 factorial experiment. The results indicate that people have a stronger behavioral willingness towards data-based news than non-data-based news generated by computer. While for news generated by human, people don't distinguish the types of news, but decide whether to read and share it based on the quality of the content. The public's inherent impression of AI technology is also shown in this study to moderate people's technical evaluation on behavioral willingness. Based on the research findings, the implications and suggestions are addressed accordingly.