Behavioral Principles Research Articles

Unraveling the Future: Emerging Trends of Financial Literacy in the Digital Age

Financial literacy plays a pivotal role in navigating the intricacies of contemporary finance, and as the financial landscape undergoes transformation, so do the trends in financial literacy. This theoretical paper delves into the emerging trends in financial literacy, focusing on their potential implications for both individuals and economies. The dynamic definition of financial literacy now encompasses a range of essential components, including digital literacy, sustainable investments, and comprehension of intricate financial instruments. Personalization and technology are facilitating tailored financial education, while the application of behavioural economics principles and nudging techniques is molding positive financial behaviours. Additionally, gamification and edutainment strategies are proving effective in engaging and motivating learners, thereby enhancing knowledge retention. Inclusive financial literacy initiatives are being developed to address the needs of underserved populations, contributing to the promotion of economic growth. Moreover, the relevance of education on digital currencies and blockchain is escalating as these innovations gain prominence, and investor education is gaining significance in response to the surge in retail investing. Concurrently, integrating financial literacy into educational institutions is equipping students early in life with essential financial skills. By comprehending these emerging trends, societies can design more efficacious financial education initiatives, empowering individuals to make well-informed financial decisions and bolstering economic resilience.

BENEFIT OF USING APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS (ABA) IN STIMULUSING SPEECH IN AUTISTIC CHILDREN

This Course Conclusion Paper’s main focus is to address the benefit of using Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) in stimulating speech in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). ABA is a methodology based on behavioral principles that aims to improve and strengthen socially important behaviors, including communication skills. The main objective of this research is to indicate the benefits of using Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) to stimulate speech in autistic children. The aim is to analyze how this methodology can contribute to the development of these children’s communicative skills, promoting their better social inclusion and quality of life. The research question that guides this study is: “What are the benefits of using Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) in stimulating autistic children? And why does this method have better results?” To answer this question, a literature review, case study analysis and direct observation in therapeutic contexts were carried out. The results indicate that ABA, when applied correctly and consistently, can generate significant progress in the development of speech and the general communicative capacity of children with autism. This should be an individualized structure and the focus on positive reinforcement that characterizes this approach. This work hopes to contribute to the understanding of the benefits of ABA in the field of Speech Therapy and to the promotion of more effective therapeutic practices in the treatment of children with ASD.

Clinical Decision Support for Hypertension Management in Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 37 million adults in the United States, and for patients with CKD, hypertension is a key risk factor for adverse outcomes, such as kidney failure, cardiovascular events, and death. To evaluate a computerized clinical decision support (CDS) system for the management of uncontrolled hypertension in patients with CKD. This multiclinic, randomized clinical trial randomized primary care practitioners (PCPs) at a primary care network, including 15 hospital-based, ambulatory, and community health center-based clinics, through a stratified, matched-pair randomization approach February 2021 to February 2022. All adult patients with a visit to a PCP in the last 2 years were eligible and those with evidence of CKD and hypertension were included. The intervention consisted of a CDS system based on behavioral economic principles and human-centered design methods that delivered tailored, evidence-based recommendations, including initiation or titration of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors. The patients in the control group received usual care from PCPs with the CDS system operating in silent mode. The primary outcome was the change in mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) between baseline and 180 days compared between groups. The primary analysis was a repeated measures linear mixed model, using SBP at baseline, 90 days, and 180 days in an intention-to-treat repeated measures model to account for missing data. Secondary outcomes included blood pressure (BP) control and outcomes such as percentage of patients who received an action that aligned with the CDS recommendations. The study included 174 PCPs and 2026 patients (mean [SD] age, 75.3 [0.3] years; 1223 [60.4%] female; mean [SD] SBP at baseline, 154.0 [14.3] mm Hg), with 87 PCPs and 1029 patients randomized to the intervention and 87 PCPs and 997 patients randomized to usual care. Overall, 1714 patients (84.6%) were treated for hypertension at baseline. There were 1623 patients (80.1%) with an SBP measurement at 180 days. From the linear mixed model, there was a statistically significant difference in mean SBP change in the intervention group compared with the usual care group (change, -14.6 [95% CI, -13.1 to -16.0] mm Hg vs -11.7 [-10.2 to -13.1] mm Hg; P = .005). There was no difference in the percentage of patients who achieved BP control in the intervention group compared with the control group (50.4% [95% CI, 46.5% to 54.3%] vs 47.1% [95% CI, 43.3% to 51.0%]). More patients received an action aligned with the CDS recommendations in the intervention group than in the usual care group (49.9% [95% CI, 45.1% to 54.8%] vs 34.6% [95% CI, 29.8% to 39.4%]; P < .001). These findings suggest that implementing this computerized CDS system could lead to improved management of uncontrolled hypertension and potentially improved clinical outcomes at the population level for patients with CKD. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03679247.

Existence as a humanistic methodology of law in the information society

The entry of society into the information age requires a radical renewal of existing and the development of new connections and mediations, which lead to a change in social relations, the development of new requirements for their legal regulation. The article examines the application of fundamental methodological approaches to the formation of law in the information society, based on the philosophy of existentialism. In the global dimension, humanism opposes anti-humanism - democratic Ukraine is fighting the military aggression of the authoritarian Russian Federation, which actualizes the development of humanist ideas, including as one of the directions for improving information law. The thesis is substantiated that it is existence that best meets the needs of the humanistic direction of the development of law, since this methodology is built on the recognition of the uniqueness of a person and their existence, the freedom of choice of the individual, compliance with moral principles of behavior, is focused on the self and its interaction with other people, which corresponds to the characteristic features of the functioning of the information society. The humanistic existential paradigm is revealed through the prism of responsibility for existence, not only individual, but also responsibility for others, as stated in the writings of Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, and оther followers of this teaching. As a mechanism for the implementation of the existential paradigm of the humanistic content of law in the information age, it is proposed to focus attention on the development of such a component of it as individual legal regulation, which by its purpose and essence is able to ensure the true freedom of human choice and at the same time satisfy the needs of society in the regulation of information relations. An analysis of the relationship between the principles of regulation of artificial intelligence and information law was carried out, as a result of which it is proposed to supplement the information law with ethical and valuable meaningful aspects that meet the needs of its further development.

Towards a new approach to maximize tax collection using machine learning algorithms

&lt;p&gt;Efficient tax debt collection is a challenge for Moroccan local tax authorities. This article explores the potential of machine learning techniques and novel strategies to enhance efficiency in this process. We present a practical use case demonstrating the application of machine learning for taxpayer segmentation, improving accuracy in identifying high-risk debtors. Using a comprehensive dataset of tax payment behavior, we showcase the effectiveness of machine learning algorithms in segmenting taxpayers based on their likelihood of non-compliance or debt accumulation. We also investigate innovative strategies that integrate behavioral economics principles to enable better targeted interventions. Real-world case studies in local tax debt collection highlight the impact of these strategies. The findings underscore the transformative potential of machine learning techniques and novel strategies in improving the efficiency of local tax debt collection. Accurate identification of high-risk debtors and tailored enforcement actions help maximize revenue while minimizing resource waste. This research contributes to the existing knowledge by providing insights into the implementation of machine learning techniques and novel strategies in tax debt collection. It emphasizes the importance of data-driven approaches and highlights how local tax authorities can drive efficiency and optimize revenue collection by embracing these advancements.&lt;/p&gt;

ReptiLearn: An automated home cage system for behavioral experiments in reptiles without human intervention.

Understanding behavior and its evolutionary underpinnings is crucial for unraveling the complexities of brain function. Traditional approaches strive to reduce behavioral complexity by designing short-term, highly constrained behavioral tasks with dichotomous choices in which animals respond to defined external perturbation. In contrast, natural behaviors evolve over multiple time scales during which actions are selected through bidirectional interactions with the environment and without human intervention. Recent technological advancements have opened up new possibilities for experimental designs that more closely mirror natural behaviors by replacing stringent experimental control with accurate multidimensional behavioral analysis. However, these approaches have been tailored to fit only a small number of species. This specificity limits the experimental opportunities offered by species diversity. Further, it hampers comparative analyses that are essential for extracting overarching behavioral principles and for examining behavior from an evolutionary perspective. To address this limitation, we developed ReptiLearn-a versatile, low-cost, Python-based solution, optimized for conducting automated long-term experiments in the home cage of reptiles, without human intervention. In addition, this system offers unique features such as precise temperature measurement and control, live prey reward dispensers, engagement with touch screens, and remote control through a user-friendly web interface. Finally, ReptiLearn incorporates low-latency closed-loop feedback allowing bidirectional interactions between animals and their environments. Thus, ReptiLearn provides a comprehensive solution for researchers studying behavior in ectotherms and beyond, bridging the gap between constrained laboratory settings and natural behavior in nonconventional model systems. We demonstrate the capabilities of ReptiLearn by automatically training the lizard Pogona vitticeps on a complex spatial learning task requiring association learning, displaced reward learning, and reversal learning.

Behavioral economics in U.S. financial literacy programs: A comprehensive review - Evaluating the role of psychology-driven strategies in enhancing understanding and responsible financial behaviors among citizens

This study critically evaluates the integration of behavioral economics into U.S. financial literacy programs, focusing on the enhancement of understanding and promotion of responsible financial behaviors. The main objective is to explore how psychology-driven strategies can improve financial decision-making and literacy. Employing a systematic literature review and content analysis methodology, the study analyzes data from academic journals, government reports, and industry publications, focusing on literature published between 2013 and 2023. Key findings indicate that the incorporation of behavioral economics principles, such as understanding cognitive biases and heuristics, significantly enhances the effectiveness of financial literacy programs. Personalization of financial education to individual needs and the use of behavioral nudging techniques are identified as effective strategies in promoting responsible financial behaviors. The study also highlights the challenges and opportunities in the field, particularly the need for financial education to adapt to technological advancements and evolving economic landscapes. Strategic recommendations include developing comprehensive curricula that integrate behavioral insights, tailoring programs to diverse demographic groups, leveraging technology for engaging and accessible education, and conducting ongoing research to inform teaching methodologies and policy-making. Lastly, the study underscores the importance of integrating behavioral economics into financial literacy programs. It suggests that a multifaceted approach, combining innovative educational practices, technology, and continuous research, is crucial for fostering a financially literate society capable of making informed and responsible financial decisions. The study provides a foundation for future research in the field, encouraging further exploration and academic discourse.

Directions for modifying the artificial bee colony algorithm to optimize control parameters for complex systems

In recent years, bioinspired algorithms based on the use of a population approach and a probabilistic search strategy have become especially popular among researchers involved in multidimensional and multicriteria optimization. Such algorithms are based on the principles of cooperative behavior of a decentralized self-organizing colony of living organisms (bees, ants, birds, etc.) to achieve certain goals (for example, to meet nutritional needs). However, their practical application encounters a number of difficulties leading to a decrease in convergence. This article discusses the possibility of modifying the artificial bee colony algorithm by using a hybridization strategy with various data mining methods. One of these difficulties is the lack of a reasonable approach to determining initial search positions. As a solution, it is proposed to divide the population into clusters, the centers of which will be the initial positions. The need for interaction between individuals makes it advisable to use fuzzy clustering, which allows the formation of intersecting clusters. Another difficulty is associated with the choice of “free” parameters, for which the authors have not developed recommendations for choosing their optimal values. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use the idea of coevolution, which consists in the parallel launch of several interacting subpopulations, for each of which different “settings” are applied. The proposed algorithm is applicable to multidimensional optimization tasks, in which it is necessary to find such a combination of different types of elements belonging to some “large” population that will ensure the achievement of the maximum effect under given restrictions. Examples of such tasks are determining the species and quantitative composition of plants to form the terrestrial ecosystem of a carbon farm or mass recruiting, which consists of selecting a large number of personnel for the same positions.

Smoke on the horizon: leveling up citizen and social science to motivate health protective responses during wildfires

Climate change factors and expanded population growth in the Wildland Urban Interface (transition zone between human structures and undeveloped wildland) contribute to a projected increase in wildfire frequency and smoke exposure. As an unregulated source of air pollution, reducing smoke exposure represents a difficult challenge for health risk communicators. The target audience is broad with unpredictable health impacts due to spatial and temporal variability in exposure. Beyond providing information, agencies face challenges reaching affected populations, motivating behavior change, and overcoming barriers between intentions and actions (recommended health protection). The Smoke Sense citizen science project developed a smartphone app to provide an engagement, learning, and information-sharing platform. Here we draw upon previous trends in behavioral patterns and propose a synergistic approach of citizen and behavioral science that can be applied to increase understanding of health risk and motivate new habits to reduce exposure among impacted individuals. Presentation of the approach proceeds as follows: (1) we identify several core factors that contribute to an intention-action gap, (2) identify applicable social and behavioral science principles that can bridge the gap, (3) propose explicit examples focused on theoretical principles, (4) describe small-scale user preliminary feedback and examples for monitoring and evaluating impact, and (5) provide a look to the future for collaborative citizen engagement. Current health risk communication strategies often lack consideration of behavioral factors that may enhance motivation and encourage behavior change. The proposed approach aims to leverage the strengths of citizen and social science and seeks to encourage a focused ‘digital community’ to implement new habits in the face of unpredictable and dynamic environmental threats.

Theoretical-Methodological Foundations for the Global Integration Method (Método de Integração Global-MIG) in the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Currently, there is no intervention model for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that addresses all levels and factors of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF, WHO). The most researched programs focus on naturalistic, developmental and behavioral approaches to socio-communication. Less attention has been paid to motor and environmental reactivity aspects (behavior/interest restriction and sensory reactivity). The evidence rationale for the Global Integration Method (MIG, "Método de Integração Global"), a model addressing sensorimotor reactivity in addition to socio-communication, is presented. MIG is an integrative, interdisciplinary, family-oriented intervention and naturalistic program that addresses all levels and moderating factors of ASD's impact. MIG's theoretical rationale is based on the predictive coding impairment and embodied cognition hypotheses. MIG incorporates both bottom-up (flexible therapeutic suit, social-motor synchronization) and top-down (schematic social information processing, narratives, imagery) strategies to promote the building and use of accurate, flexible and context-sensitive internal predictive models. MIG is based on the premises that predictive coding improves both socio-communication and environmental reactivity, and that the postural stabilization provided by the flexible therapeutic suit frees information processing resources for socio-cognitive learning. MIG builds on interdisciplinary, professionally and parentally mediated work based on behavioral principles of intensive training in a situated environment.

Adsorption isotherm model of Hg2+ with biochar from young coconut waste

Biochar is a carbon-rich byproduct of biomass pyrolysis that may be used to restrict Hg mobility in soil by utilizing amelioration technology. This study examines the ability of biochar from young coconut waste to adsorb Hg in solution. Isothermal adsorption of Hg by batch equilibrium method. The basic principle of Hg adsorption behavior with biochar from young coconut waste (B-YCW) processed through the Kon-Tiki method at a temperature of 682 0C, moisture of 81.27%, and a yield ratio of 20.87% at a size of 0.5 mm. The adsorption of Hg2+ on B-YCW increased with increasing Hg concentration and decreasing pH. The capacity and adsorption coefficient of Hg2+ by biochar from young coconut waste was 312.88 mg g−1 and 69.64 L Kg−1 at a pH of 1.55 and a concentration of 100 mg L−1 Hg2+. The adsorption isotherm of Hg2+ occurs in the Freundlich and Langmuir models (Freundlich > Langmuir). The Freundlich model (y = 1.0375x - 1.2523; R² = 1) with a value of n of 0.96 and KF of 17.78 (L mg−1)1/n, and the Langmuir II model (y = 17.126x - 0.0244; R² = 1), with average Qm was 18.57 mg g−1; KL 68.198 L mg−1 and RL 0.0054 (favorable) from the Langmuir isotherm model.

Testing a Behavioral Activation Gaming App for Depression During Pregnancy: Multimethod Pilot Study.

Depression during pregnancy is increasingly recognized as a worldwide public health problem. If untreated, there can be detrimental outcomes for the mother and child. Anxiety is also often comorbid with depression. Although effective treatments exist, most women do not receive treatment. Technology is a mechanism to increase access to and engagement in mental health services. The Guardians is a mobile app, grounded in behavioral activation principles, which seeks to leverage mobile game mechanics and in-game rewards to encourage user engagement. This study seeks to assess app satisfaction and engagement and to explore changes in clinical symptoms of depression and anxiety among a sample of pregnant women with elevated depressive symptoms. This multimethod pilot test consisted of a single-arm, proof-of-concept trial to examine the feasibility and acceptability of The Guardians among a pregnant sample with depression (N=18). Participation included two web-based study visits: (1) a baseline assessment to collect demographic and obstetric information and to assess clinical symptoms and (2) an exit interview to administer follow-up measures and explore user experience. Participants completed biweekly questionnaires (ie, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) during the trial to assess depression and anxiety symptom severity. App satisfaction was measured using 2 self-report scales (ie, Mobile Application Rating Scale and Player Experience of Needs Satisfaction scale). Engagement with The Guardians was captured using game interaction metric data. We used backward-eliminated mixed effects longitudinal models to examine the effects of app engagement and satisfaction and length of time in the study on symptoms of depression and anxiety. Content analysis was conducted on qualitative data from exit interviews. The 15-day and 30-day overall app retention rates were 26.6% and 15.1%, respectively. Mixed effects models found significant negative main effects of week in study (β=-.35; t61=-3.05; P=.003), number of activities completed (β=-.12; t61=-2.05; P=.04), days played (β=-.12; t58=-2.9; P=.005), and satisfaction, according to the Mobile Application Rating Scale (β=-3.05; t45=-2.19; P=.03) on depressive symptoms. We have reported about similar analyses for anxiety. There is preliminary evidence suggesting harder activities are associated with greater mood improvement than easier activities. Qualitative content analysis resulted in feedback falling under the following themes: activities, app design, engagement, fit of the app with lifestyle, perceived impact of the app on mood, and suggestions for app modifications. Preliminary results from this multimethod study of The Guardians indicate feasibility and acceptability among pregnant women with depression. Retention and engagement levels were more than double those of previous public mental health apps, and use of the app was associated with significant decrease in depressive symptom scores over the 10-week trial. The Guardians shows promise as an effective and scalable digital intervention to support women experiencing depression.

Mediators during a Multimodal intervention for stress-induced exhaustion disorder

ABSTRACT Our understanding of the underlying psychological processes of development, maintenance, and treatments for stress-induced exhaustion disorder (ED) remains limited. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore whether sleep concerns, pathological worry, perfectionistic concerns, and psychological flexibility mediate change in exhaustion symptoms during a Multimodal intervention for ED based on Cognitive behavioral therapy principles. Participants (N = 913) were assessed at three time points, and mediation was explored using a two-criteria analytical model with linear mixed-effects models (criterion one) and random intercepts cross-lagged panel modeling (criterion 2). Criterion one for mediation was successfully met, as the findings indicated significant associations between time in treatment, with all suggested mediators, and exhaustion symptoms (significant ab-products). However, criterion two was not satisfied as changes in the mediators did not precede changes in exhaustion symptoms. Therefore, mediation could not be established. Instead, changes in the suggested mediators appeared to result from changes in exhaustion symptoms. Consequently, sleep concerns, pathological worry, perfectionistic concerns, and psychological flexibility appear to improve in conjunction with exhaustion symptoms during treatment, where improvement in exhaustion is indicated as the main driving factor, based on this exploratory analysis. The implications of these findings are contextualized within a broader framework of process-based therapy.

The Art of Communicating Risk and Benefit to Promote Shared Decision-Making, Informed by Behavioral Economic Principles.

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Classical and neoclassical economic theory: Fundamentals of regulation for the agricultural sector

The work is devoted to the complex issues of the influence of the theoretical assumptions of classical and neoclassical economic theory on the sustainable development of the agricultural sector. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the scientific theoretical foundations of classical and neoclassical economic theory as the basis for regulating the agricultural sector. The methodological basis of the study is an integrated approach, in which the approaches of classical and neoclassical economic theory to the regulation of the agricultural sector are considered. The scientific foundations of classical economic theory are studied from the point of view of three concepts: “economic man”, “natural order”, and equilibrium economics. It is shown that from the point of view of the economic theory classics, the market appears to be a self-regulating mechanism that leads to maximum efficiency in production and allocation of goods, the concept: the state is a “night watchman”. The scientific foundations of neoclassical economic theory are investigated from two major methodological bases: the marginalism principle and descriptive models of economic behavior of people. The automatic mechanism of the best use of market resources is shown and, according to neoclassical theories, the competitive market, without government intervention, is able to lead to the best equilibrium results. Recommendations are given for improving market relations to ensure the economic growth of the agricultural sector in terms of intracompany and intersectoral competition.

Um Grupo Terapêutico Vivendo o Luto na Terceira Idade: Uma Análise Qualitativa

Old age is marked by various losses, including that of loved ones. How these are experienced depends on individual and environmental factors adding to the typical vulnerabilities of old age. A study with nine elderly people bereaved by the death of loved ones aimed to understand how a therapy group can support healthy mourning. The meetings were structured along Stroebe and Schut’s Dual Process Model of grief, with the use of strategies from Contextual Behavioral Therapies and principles from Integrative Community Therapy. Session audios were analyzed using the precepts of Grounded Theory Analysis. The results showed a gradual reframing of grief occurred among the participants. Throughout the sessions, processes of socialization, acceptance, active engagement, increased emotional availability to others and diversifi cation of perspective stood out. The results allow us to affi rm the feasibility of contextual therapy for groups of bereaved elderly people.Keywords: Elderly, mourning, therapeutic groups, contextual behavioral therapies, grounded theory.

Зміна парадигми поведінкової економіки: усунення бар’єрів, що перешкоджають поведінковим змінам

Socioeconomic development of society takes place under the constant influence of changes caused by scientific and technological progress, mechanisms of economic laws, cooperation and integration, world globalization processes, marketing strategies. Economic development plans are closely related to the State policy, changing demand for certain types of goods, products and services; further, requirements for their quality and value, provide for constant and timely identification of the reasons for deviation from the planned programs and the search for ways to eliminate them or make certain adjustments to achieve the set goal. The behavioral doctrine helps to understand how the characteristics of the human cognitive-psychological system affect economic decisions, and explains economic, social, environmental and other motives, makes it possible to form general principles of behavior of economic agents in market conditions. The aim of the article is to identify tendencies in the changing paradigm of behavioral economics and ways to eliminate barriers that hinder behavioral changes. In the process of conducting the study and presenting its results, the following methods were used: analysis, synthesis, generalization, concretization. The influence of positive and negative reactions on human behavior is considered. The tendencies of transformation of behavioral economics (from the origins of the 1950s to the present) are analyzed. The change of clusters is displayed. Discoveries in psychology and economics have enabled behaviorist economists to identify the factors that drive human behavior, breaking the scientific consensus. The features of the approach called the «model of «pathology of supporters» are defined. The internal (attitudes and beliefs; motivation and willpower; self-efficacy) and the external (social and physical environment; support systems) barriers influencing behavioral changes have been identified. A questionnaire is proposed to identify barriers to behavior change in order to minimize or completely eliminate them. Barriers are systematized into three key groups: physical (economic); social (psychological); knowledge barriers. Prospective areas for further research are the approbation of the proposed questionnaire to identify barriers in terms of target audiences.

Application of Behaviorism Theory in Dakwah

This research aims to examine the application of behaviorist theory in the practice of da'wah by exploring da'wah communication through the application of the principles of behaviorism. How the right stimulus can stimulate the desired response from the audience becomes the central question. Environmental influences, both social and cultural, are also important aspects to understand in the context of da'wah. How this environment can act as a stimulus that shapes religious behavior. This research uses qualitative research and a literature approach. Data was collected through relevant literature sources. The data has been analyzed through data reduction, data display and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the application of behaviorist theory in da'wah can help achieve the goals of da'wah by looking at the influence of the environment on mad’u behavior. Behaviorism emphasizes the use of da'wah methods that are more measurable, can change individual behavior significantly through stimulus and response such as the use of motivating lectures, the formation of worship habits, or the use of positive reinforcement to encourage participation in da'wah activities, by creating a relatable environment. Behaviorism theory is applied by providing reinforcement for desired or undesirable behavior in preaching. Forming habits in preaching can be done by repeating the desired behavior continuously. Classical conditioning can also be done by associating da’wah behavior with certain stimuli, such as certain environments or situations.

Principles of activity of law enforcement bodies

Based on the research of scientific opinions, the new administrative-legal doctrine, the analysis of domestic and international legislation, the article examines the key fundamentals of administrative-legal support for the activities of law enforcement agencies. Considering the fact that domestic law enforcement agencies and their officials have constant relations with citizens in their activities, it is emphasized that modern principles of administrative law should play an important role in these relations, which is the purpose of the work. The methodological basis of the work is the provisions of the modern theory of scientific knowledge of legal and social phenomena. In the course of writing the article, general philosophical, general scientific, logical and special legal methods of scientific knowledge were used. The main international principles and standards that determine the content of the activities of law enforcement agencies in international agreements ratified by Ukraine are highlighted. Based on the analysis of the legislation, the modern principles of the National Police, as one of the leading law enforcement agencies of the state, are considered. An important place is given to the characteristics of foreign legal acts aimed at ensuring and protecting the rights of citizens by law enforcement officials. For this purpose, international legal acts, which are one of the main sources of legal regulation of relations arising in the activities of law enforcement agencies, were analyzed. They establish the norms and principles of behavior of an official of a law enforcement agency for the performance of professional activities in relations with citizens and the rules of conduct binding on them in specific conditions of law enforcement activity. The need to introduce special principles of administrative law into the activities of law enforcement agencies is substantiated. On this basis, the following special principles have been researched, substantiated in detail and recommended: the principle of ensuring trust; the principle of ensuring human rights; the principle of providing access to information technologies; the principle of ensuring the confidentiality of information. These principles correspond to the domestic administrative-legal doctrine, international standards and principles, legal relations of officials of law enforcement agencies, which can be an important direction of the new administrative-legal doctrine of law- enforcement agencies.

Research on the Heuristic Bias in Behavioral Economics

Behavioral economics is a branch of economics. It studies people's decision-making patterns and behavioral principles when making decisions. Behavioral economics has penetrated into people's lives, and heuristics are everywhere. This paper shows several classifications and experimental investigations of heuristic bias in behavioral economics. It is widely believed that heuristic bias means that when people want to judge a complex, fuzzy, and uncertain event, they often take some shortcut in thinking due to the lack of effective methods, such as relying on past experience, analyzing and processing past experience, getting inspiration, and then making judgments using the inspiration. However, through literature reading and analysis, it can be found that people don't always make such choices when faced with problems, or they stay rational.