Behavioral Changes In People Research Articles

SELF-MONITORING VIA WEARABLE SENSOR AND DAILY STEPS AMONG PEOPLE WITH MCI AND CARE PARTNER DYADS

Abstract Physical inactivity is a modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) that can be remediated using remotely delivered interventions. The 12-week telerehabilitation physical activity behavioral (TPAB) intervention includes receipt of a wearable sensor and weekly discussions about physical activity self-monitoring, goal setting, facilitators, and barriers. TPAB has been shown to be feasible and efficacious in increasing daily steps in older adults. However, evidence is lacking for TPAB’s use for people with MCI and using a dyadic approach (i.e., with their care partners). Results from the first phase of our study include descriptive information from two dyads about (1) dyad member interaction with the wearable sensor (i.e., how knowing the current daily step count impacted activity), (2) how dyad members helped each other overcome individual or shared barriers to daily stepping and (3) how dyad members planned activities together to achieve high daily average stepping. This project quantitatively identified (1) the highest stepping day each week was the same for both dyad members 46% of the time (2) the frequency of both dyad members meeting individual weekly stepping goals was 81% compared to just one dyad member or no dyad member reaching the weekly step goal. This project revealed barriers using wearable sensor technology (i.e., not looking at or wearing the wearable sensor). Our discussion will focus on how to enhance meaningful interaction with technology in dyads to track daily stepping that can be applied to improve behavioral change in people with MCI and care partners.

How the coronavirus pandemic affected the lives of people with ALS and their spouses in the UK from spouses’ perspectives: a qualitative study

Objective This study set out to investigate, using qualitative methodology, the experiences of spouses of people with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) during the coronavirus pandemic, with particular focus on spouse distress and cognitive and behavioral change in people with ALS (pwALS). Methods Qualitative semi-structured interviews of nine spouses of pwALS living in England were conducted between 11/09/2020 and 20/04/2021, focusing on spouses’ perspectives of how their lives and the lives of pwALS were affected by the pandemic and related lockdowns. Interviews were subject to thematic analysis. Results Four superordinate themes were identified from the spouses’ interviews: (i) pandemic behaviors, which encompassed accounts of cautious behavior, relaxation of cautious behavior, and other people’s attitudes to shielding the person with ALS; (ii) changes to daily life caused by the pandemic and progression of ALS; (iii) distress in spouses, which included anxiety, depression, and burden; and (iv) ALS-related behavioral impairment. Spouses also provided mixed accounts of telehealth care, pointing out its convenience but some felt that face-to-face appointments were preferable. Conclusions While many reactions to the pandemic reported by spouses of pwALS may have been similar to those of the general population or other vulnerable groups, interviews indicated the potential for the pandemic to have made more apparent certain aspects of behavioral change in pwALS with which carers may require support. Clinicians need to acknowledge spouses’ concerns about the potential limitations of remote clinical consultations, enquire about cognitive and behavioral change, and consider how input should be best provided in such limiting circumstances.

Bi-weekly Glycated Albumin Measurement was Useful to Encourage Behavioral Changes in People with Type2 Diabetes Mellitus.

HemoglobinA1c (HbA1c), representing the average blood glucose over 1-2months, is the most commonly used glycemic marker in people with diabetes. Glycated albumin (GA) reflects the average blood glucose over the most recent 1-2weeks. We considered whether the faster response of GA compared with HbA1c could make people with diabetes realize their glycemic control intuitively and effectively. We randomized 61 people with diabetes into the control and intervention groups. Blood samples were collected from both every fortnight over an 8-week period (five times; visit1-5). Only the intervention group was notified of the GA levels on the same day. At the beginning and end of the study, International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Eating Behavior Questionnaire assessments, and body composition measurements were conducted. The body weight change was significantly lower in the intervention group at visit2 and visit5. The percent body fat change was lower, while the percent skeletal muscle mass change at visit5 was higher in the intervention group. Increasing GA trend was observed in the control group, but not in the intervention group. The fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c changes at visit5 were similar in the two groups. Physical activity level change tended to be higher in the intervention group. The YN Eating Behavior Questionnaire score changes were similar in the two groups. Bi-weekly GA measurement over an 8-week period in people with type2 diabetes induced behavioral changes. Development of this method is expected to improve diabetes management. UMIN000037795.

Prospective One-Year Follow-Up of Sensory Processing in Phelan-McDermid Syndrome.

Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is caused by the loss (deletion) of a small portion of chromosome 22 in a region designated q13.3 (22q13.3 deletion). PMS is one of the most common genetic forms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in which sensory reactivity difficulties have been described on limited occasions. The objective of this study is to identify whether changes in sensory reactivity skills occur after one year of follow-up in a group of 44 participants diagnosed with PMS. All participants completed the Short Sensory Profile (SSP). Two-factor ANOVA tests were performed with repeated measures for the study of the evolution of the scores. Participants with PMS showed significant changes after one year of follow-up in sensory reactivity skills associated with tactile hyperreactivity (p = 0.003). The rest of the study variables did not show significant differences compared to the baseline assessment, showing definite differences associated with patterns of hypo-responsiveness and sensory seeking, low/weak energy, and difficulties in auditory filtering. Understanding the evolution of sensory reactivity skills can facilitate the adjustment to behavioral changes in people with PMS and design-targeted interventions to address sensory reactivity challenges.

Impact of Final Phase Social Isolation and the COVID-19 Pandemic on Eating Behavior, Sleep Quality, and Anxiety Level.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in economic, social, and behavioral changes in people, which may favor several long-term consequences. This study evaluated the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating behavior and mental health in the final phase of social isolation. This cross-sectional study included 756 adults that completed an online questionnaire. Individuals were stratified into those who had been infected with COVID-19 (GCOV) and those who did not (GNCOV). The GCOV group had higher weight (p = 0.013), body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.005), anxiety levels (p = 0.040), sleep disorders (p = 0.009), and poorer sleep quality (p = 0.0028). In the GCOV, the consumption of ultra-processed foods was associated with higher anxiety levels and poorer sleep quality. A higher proportion of individuals who consumed more than five servings of in natura food was observed in the group with taste and olfactory dysfunction than in the group without. Obesity contributes to uncontrolled and emotional eating disorders, increased anxiety, and worsened sleep. Therefore, COVID-19 impaired mental health and eating behavior even in the long term. These changes were potentiated by the presence of obesity and consumption of ultra-processed foods, evidencing the importance of monitoring these individuals even after the resolution of COVID-19.

Alcohol consumption and COVID-19 in Europe: how the pandemic hit the weak.

The COVID-19 pandemic came along with several health and social unprecedented emergencies, among which handling people with substance use disorder issues. In this work, data from a cross-sectional online survey conducted among more than 40,000 adults in 21 European countries during the spring of 2020 are analyzed. The survey recorded participants drinking habits during the year preceding the survey and the changes in alcohol consumption during lockdown. The analyses focused on alcohol consumers' type, investigating on the behavioral change in people who already had a problematic alcohol consumption attitude. The results show how subjects with risky or hazardous use of alcohol increased both drinking quantity and frequency in most European countries, underlining the urge to establish regulations on online and home delivered alcoholic beverages availability and reinforcing and restructuring health care services.

Impact of Social Isolation on People with Dementia and Their Family Caregivers.

People with dementia and their family caregivers may face a great burden through social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be manifested as various behavioral and clinical symptoms. To investigate the impacts of social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with dementia and their family caregivers. Two semi-structured questionnaires were applied via telephone to family caregivers of people diagnosed with dementia in three cities in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, in order to assess clinical and behavioral changes in people with dementia and in their caregivers. In general, 321 interviews were conducted. A significant decline in memory function has been reported among 53.0%of people with dementia. In addition, 31.2%of individuals with dementia felt sadder and 37.4%had increased anxiety symptoms. These symptoms of anxiety were greater in individuals with mild to moderate dementia, while symptoms of agitation were greater in individuals with severe dementia. Moreover, compulsive-obsessive behavior, hallucinations, increased forgetfulness, altered appetite, and increased difficulty in activities of daily living were reported more frequently among individuals with moderate to severe dementia. Caregivers reported feeling more tired and overwhelmed during this period and these symptoms were also influenced by the severity of dementia. Social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic triggered a series of negative behavioral repercussions, both for people with dementia and for their family caregivers in these three South American countries.

Emotional effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on oral surgery procedures: a social media analysis.

BackgroundThis study aimed to analyze Twitter users' emotional tendencies regarding oral surgery procedures before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide.MethodsTweets posted in English before and after the COVID-19 pandemic were included in the study. Popular tweets in 2019 were searched using the keywords “tooth removal”, “tooth extraction”, “dental pain”, “wisdom tooth”, “wisdom teeth”, “oral surgery”, “oral surgeon”, and “OMFS”. In 2020, another search was conducted by adding the words “COVID” and “corona” to the abovementioned keywords. Emotions underlying the tweets were analyzed using CrystalFeel - Multidimensional Emotion Analysis. In this analysis, we focused on four emotions: fear, anger, sadness, and joy.ResultsA total of 1240 tweets, which were posted before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, were analyzed. There was a statistically significant difference between the emotions' distribution before and after the pandemic (p < 0.001). While the sense of joy decreased after the pandemic, anger and fear increased. There was a statistically significant difference between the emotional valence distributions before and after the pandemic (p < 0.001). While a negative emotion intensity was noted in 52.9% of the messages before the pandemic, it was observed in 74.3% of the messages after the pandemic. A positive emotional intensity was observed in 29.8% of the messages before the pandemic, but was seen in 10.7% of the messages after the pandemic.ConclusionInfectious diseases, such as COVID-19, may lead to mental, emotional, and behavioral changes in people. Unpredictability, uncertainty, disease severity, misinformation, and social isolation may further increase dental anxiety and fear among people.

The ADKAR® change management model for farmer profiling with regard to antimicrobial stewardship in livestock production

Antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary practice and animal production is important from a One Health perspective. The ADKAR® change management model is a well-known strategy to implement behavioral change in people and small businesses. The objective of this study was to adapt the existing ADKAR® change management model to enable herd veterinarians to profile farmers with regard to antimicrobial stewardship. Therefore, an antimicrobial stewardship related scoring scale was defined. Subsequently, ADKAR® profiles of 26 poultry and 28 pig farmers from Belgium and the Netherlands were determined. For 57% of the farmers, perception and/or motivation were expected to limit successful change. For 70% of the farmers, knowledge and for 52% of the farmers, a lack of ability were the limiting factor. The ADKAR® model proved useful for identifying the key elements that prevent successful behavioral change in farmers to reduce the use of antibiotics in farm animals.

Smartphone data during the COVID-19 pandemic can quantify behavioral changes in people with ALS.

IntroductionPassive data from smartphone sensors may be useful for health‐care research. Our aim was to use the coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic as a positive control to assess the ability to quantify behavioral changes in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) from smartphone data.MethodsEight participants used the Beiwe smartphone application, which passively measured their location during the COVID‐19 outbreak. We used an interrupted time series to quantify the effect of the US state of emergency declaration on daily home time and daily distance traveled.ResultsAfter the state of emergency declaration, median daily home time increased from 19.4 (interquartile range [IQR], 15.4‐22.0) hours to 23.7 (IQR, 22.2‐24.0) hours and median distance traveled decreased from 42 (IQR, 13‐83) km to 3.7 (IQR, 1.5‐10.3) km. The participant with the lowest functional ability changed behavior earlier. This participant stayed at home more and traveled less than the participant with highest functional ability, both before and after the state of emergency.DiscussionWe provide evidence that smartphone‐based digital phenotyping can quantify the behavior of people with ALS. Although participants spent large amounts of time at home at baseline, the COVID‐19 state of emergency declaration reduced their mobility further. Given participants' high level of daily home time, it is possible that their exposure to COVID‐19 could be less than that of the general population.

On the Acceptability of Electricity Demand Side Management by Time of Day

Advances in the introduction of fluctuating renewable energies, such as photovoltaics (PV), have caused power-system destabilization. However, stability can be improved if consumers change the way they use power, moving to time slots when the PV output in an area is high. In large cities in developed countries, where the types of distributed energy resources are varied, demand side management (DSM) in which consumers share power supplies and adjust the demand has received considerable attention. Under effective DSM that uses the latest information and communication technology to maximize the use of renewable energy, we believe that sparing use of appliances is not the only solution to address global warming. If behavioral change shifts the use of domestic appliances from one time slot to other time slots, we do not have to abandon the use of these appliances. The aim of this study is to determine the possibility of such behavioral changes in people in order to provide basic information for operating an effective DSM. To that end, we conducted a questionnaire-based survey of 10,000 households in Japan. We investigated the proportion of people responding to a request for a demand response (DR) under the given presented reward in time slots when DSM by DR is required. We also analyzed the factors influencing people’s response to a request for a DR. Furthermore, based on the rewards likely to be achieved in the adjustable power market, we estimated how much adjustable power would be realized.

Estrategias de comunicación para impactar conductas (COMBI) en enfermedades vectoriales en América Latina

Introducción: Las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores -ETV- están determinadas por una compleja dinámica de factores medioambientales y sociales, estrategias de control han encaminado históricamente conocimiento biológico sobre el vector. Experiencias mundiales muestran que el cambio del comportamiento de las personas es crucial para la prevención de estas enfermedades. La OMS, promovió la metodología COMBI (Communication for Behavioural Impact) para la planificación de acciones de comunicación y movilización social.&#x0D; Objetivo: Compilar las experiencias de implementación de estrategia COMBI en América Latina para identificar fortalezas, amenazas y oportunidades de mejora de la metodología como herramienta para la mitigación de ETV.&#x0D; Materiales y métodos: Revisión teórica tipo monografía, se incluyeron artículos y documentos indexados, documentos técnicos y literatura gris.&#x0D; Resultados: La integración de la estrategia COMBI a los planes de salud pública permite la disminución de la frecuencia, magnitud y gravedad de los brotes y epidemias de las ETV en América Latina. Colombia es uno de los países que ha sistematizado las experiencias y los resultados de la implementación de la estrategia COMBI, lo que le permite a la región tener más argumentos para promover la estrategia.&#x0D; Conclusiones: El cumplimiento de los objetivos conductuales, la integración de equipos multidisciplinarios, la investigación formativa, la movilización comunitaria y la abogacía son fortalezas que se evidencian en la implementación de la estrategia COMBI en América latina, y la falta de voluntad política y el cambio constante de personal inciden directamente en el éxito de la estrategia en la región.

Changes in Fracture Epidemiology Due to COVID-19 Crisis; a Letter to Editor.

Since December 2019, when the first case of COVID-19 was reported in China, the main strategy of health policy makers has been to quarantine and impose social restrictions, causing significant behavioral changes in people due to fear of infection (1, 2). Laws limiting traffic, reduced travel permits, paying attention to personal hygiene, and making efforts to clean up private and public environments are some of the changes that have been observed. We also noticed alterations in patients' admission to trauma centers. In a retrospective cross-sectional study, demographic characteristics and type of fracture were analyzed in patients referring to the trauma center of Taleghani Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran, from 1st March to 15th April, in 3 consecutive years (2018 to 2020).

Adolescent counseling

Adolescent Counseling (AC) is a psychosocial activity to promote health and achieve voluntary be havior change, with a positive impact on people's health. This article addresses the issue through a constructivist and person-centered approach. Based on a conceptual framework, we begin by descri bing and analyzing considerations for its implementation, assessing its foundations, identifying its phases, and inviting pediatricians and other health professionals, who care for adolescents in their clinical practice, to incorporate this health-promoting strategy. It includes a review of national and international scientific publications of experiences in AC, accounting for their progress and future projections. We concluded that reported research on the progress of AC is not enough, even though the evidence shows that it is a proven efficient strategy to achieve behavioral change in people. We proposed to conduct more studies (mixed and qualitative), which investigate the methodology used in AC and its positive achievements in the health of adolescents.

Evaluating the effect of a smartphone app-based self-management program for people with COPD: A randomized controlled trial

To examine the effect of a 6-month, smartphone app-based self-management program for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Technological interventions have been used for chronic disease management, but the effect of a self-management program using a smartphone app has not been evaluated in people with COPD. For this randomized controlled trial, patients with COPD (N=44) were recruited in pulmonary medicine outpatient clinics at two, metropolitan, tertiary care, academic hospitals. Eligible participants were randomized into two groups and received group education and exercise sessions in the first month of the 6-month intervention. Participants in the experimental group received a smartphone app-based self-management program, which included education, exercises, self-monitoring of symptoms and exercise, and social support. Participants in the control group received one call a month from the research staff. Self-care behavior was measured as a primary outcome. All measures were administered at baseline and at 6months. After randomization, the experimental group numbered 22, the control group numbered 20, and 2 participants dropped out. Significant differences between groups were found in change score for self-care behavior, total activity count per wear time, and percent time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity over 6months. A self-management program, using a smartphone app, can effect behavioral change in people with COPD. This program could be a boon to patients with COPD who have limited access to a health care provider, no opportunities for pulmonary rehabilitation, and frequent exacerbations.

Beyond supervised therapy: Promoting behavioral changes in people with MS

A critical aspect of many rehabilitation interventions for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is incorporating strategies that support behavior change. The main purpose of this topical review was to summarize recent randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of rehabilitation interventions in which participants learn and apply skills or engage in healthy behaviors. The Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior (COM-B) framework was used to broadly classify behavior-change strategies. The included RCTs varied widely in terms of dosing, delivery format, and types of interventionist. Commonly used behavior-change strategies include education, persuasion, and training. We recommend that researchers and clinicians use frameworks like Behavior Change Wheel and Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy to describe and classify intervention strategies used to promote behavior change. We also recommend more sophisticated RCTs be conducted (e.g. sequential multiple assignment randomized trial and three-arm RCTs) to better understand ways of promoting behavior change in rehabilitation interventions.

Mécanismes d’action du groupe d’entraide des Alcooliques Anonymes

Resume Les Alcooliques anonymes s’averent une aide a de nombreuses personnes alcoolo-dependantes mais restent controverses de par leur approche spirituelle. Il est peu probable que la seule approche spirituelle permette a tant de personnes de rester abstinentes et des mecanismes cognitivo-comportementaux, sociaux et motivationnels ont ete avances. La presente etude illustre dans un premier temps les paralleles entre les mecanismes en œuvre aux Alcooliques anonymes et les processus de changement tel que decrits dans le modele transtheorique du changement. Ensuite, elle etudie a l’aide d’un questionnaire les mecanismes cognitivo-comportementaux, sociaux et motivationnels aupres d’une population de personnes abstinentes aux AA et met en evidence une amelioration thymique, des changements dans la gestion de l’affectivite negative et des relations interpersonnelles, une augmentation de l’auto-efficacite et des modifications de l’entourage social.

International Travelers’ Behaviors and Knowledge of Travel Health, Travel-Related Diseases, and Vaccinations: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Travel health centers offer very important health services for individuals traveling abroad. Little is known about the health status and knowledge of travel health, travel-related diseases, and vaccinations of individuals who travel abroad and visit travel health centers. This research studied travelers who visited a travel health center in order to evaluate their behavior and knowledge of travel health, travel-related diseases, and vaccinations. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 407 participants between June and September 2018, the busiest time for international travel. It was administered at a travel health center attached to the Directorate General of Health for Border and Coastal Areas of Turkey. Results: The results indicated that 78.6% of participants did not obtain travel health insurance before their trip, and 63.6% did not prepare a travel health kit for their trip. Moreover, 61.4% reported that they did not know about the health conditions and practices of their destination country. Individuals traveling for business did more research on travel-related diseases compared to those traveling for other reasons. Additionally, 61.3% of individuals who rated themselves healthy sought information about the health conditions at their travel destinations. Conclusion: The current study showed that the knowledge and healthcare practices among international travelers are inadequate. Raising awareness is needed to create a positive behavioral change in people’s travel health practices.

The New Smartphone Application for Blood Glucose Monitoring (BGM) with Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model Study

Previous studies demonstrated the accuracy of the CONTOUR®NEXT ONE BGM system (BGMS), which includes a wireless-enabled BG meter that links to the CONTOUR®Diabetes app installed on a mobile device. The CONTOUR®Diabetes app Version 2 Prototype detects repeated behavioral patterns in testing results and reports them back to the user. By decision of the user, recommendations are triggered to help with elimination of conditions related to the diagnosed pattern. The goal of the interactive app interface implementation is to achieve behavioral change in people with diabetes for better adherence to treatment and sustained glycemic control. The app employs messaging via the IMB model. A 6-week study with 46 insulin-using people with diabetes was performed to assess operational parameters and user reactions to the system. Analyses were performed on glycemic variables, such as fructosamine levels and HbA1c, and on subject questionnaires. Fructosamine levels decreased significantly from the beginning to the end of the study (P = 0.0076). All but 1 subject had IMB patterns detected, ranging from messages relating to “running low” to “pre-dinner high.” “Critical High” was the most frequently detected pattern. A multivariate cluster analysis, based on questionnaire responses only, revealed that subjects could be classified into one of two clusters based on their responses to the app. The only demographic or diabetes history variable significantly related to cluster membership was diabetes type. One cluster included only subjects with type 1 diabetes; the other cluster was a mix of both diabetes types. To further evaluate the benefits and efficacy of IMB as it relates to glycemic control, a larger study following subjects over a longer time period is required. Disclosure S. Pardo: Employee; Self; Ascensia Diabetes Care. S. Zhuplatov: Employee; Self; Ascensia Diabetes Care. J. Wallace: Employee; Self; Ascensia Diabetes Care. T.S. Bailey: Research Support; Self; Abbott. Consultant; Self; Abbott. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Abbott. Research Support; Self; Ambra BioScience, Ascensia Diabetes Care, Becton, Dickinson and Company. Consultant; Self; Becton, Dickinson and Company. Research Support; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Calibra Medical. Consultant; Self; Calibra Medical. Research Support; Self; Companion Medical, Dexcom, Inc., Glooko, Inc., GlySens Incorporated, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company. Consultant; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Research Support; Self; Medtronic MiniMed, Inc.. Consultant; Self; Medtronic MiniMed, Inc.. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Medtronic MiniMed, Inc.. Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Consultant; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Research Support; Self; Sanofi. Consultant; Self; Sanofi. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Sanofi. Research Support; Self; Senseonics. Consultant; Self; Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc.. Research Support; Self; Versartis, Inc., Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc., MannKind Corporation.

Use of the New Smartphone Application for Blood Glucose Monitoring (BGM) with Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model Has an Impact on Diabetes Control Parameters

The accuracy of the CONTOUR®NEXT ONE BGM system (BGMS), which includes a wireless-enabled BG meter that links to the CONTOUR®Diabetes app installed on a mobile device, has been shown in previous studies. The CONTOUR®Diabetes app Version 2 Prototype detects repeated behavioral patterns in testing results and reports them back to the user. The user can choose to receive recommendations to help eliminate conditions related to the diagnosed pattern. The goal of the interactive app interface implementation is to achieve behavioral change in people with diabetes for better adherence to treatment and sustained glycemic control. The app employs messaging via the IMB model. A 6-week study with 46 insulin-using people with diabetes was performed to assess operational parameters and user reactions to the system. Further to per-protocol analyses, some post-hoc analyses were performed. In addition to a significant decrease in fructosamine level from the beginning to the end of the study (per-protocol analysis), there was a significant decrease in the number of above-target (“high”) blood glucose measurements per week per subject (P &amp;lt;0.0001). This result may be related to a decrease in extreme glycemic fluctuations. The average number of blood glucose tests performed per week increased significantly over the course of the study (P &amp;lt;0.0001), indicating the potential effects of using the system on encouraging patient adherence to treatment and better control of blood glucose levels. While not statistically significant, the average blood glucose values for fasting, before meal, and after meal consistently decreased. A larger study following subjects over a longer time period is required to evaluate the benefits and efficacy of IMB as it relates to glycemic control. Disclosure S. Pardo: Employee; Self; Ascensia Diabetes Care. S. Zhuplatov: Employee; Self; Ascensia Diabetes Care. J. Wallace: Employee; Self; Ascensia Diabetes Care. T.S. Bailey: Research Support; Self; Abbott. Consultant; Self; Abbott. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Abbott. Research Support; Self; Ambra BioScience, Ascensia Diabetes Care, Becton, Dickinson and Company. Consultant; Self; Becton, Dickinson and Company. Research Support; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Calibra Medical. Consultant; Self; Calibra Medical. Research Support; Self; Companion Medical, Dexcom, Inc., Glooko, Inc., GlySens Incorporated, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company. Consultant; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Research Support; Self; Medtronic MiniMed, Inc.. Consultant; Self; Medtronic MiniMed, Inc.. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Medtronic MiniMed, Inc.. Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Consultant; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Research Support; Self; Sanofi. Consultant; Self; Sanofi. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Sanofi. Research Support; Self; Senseonics. Consultant; Self; Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc.. Research Support; Self; Versartis, Inc., Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc., MannKind Corporation.