Behavioral Research Research Articles

Behavioural shortcomings to avoid in asset valuation using comparable method – insights from a survey experiment

PurposeThe study aims to identify behavioural shortcomings made by appraisers while conducting valuation (in an experimental setting) of a commercial property in Indonesia. The research attempts to provide insights regarding the valuers’ behaviour, that is logic, judgment and decision particularly during the selection of comparables and the adjustment process.Design/methodology/approachThe research mimics the setting of a real valuation assignment by applying survey experiment. To conduct the survey experiment, the researcher first creates a standardised working paper to be electronically sent to and then filled in by individually/personally approached valuers who have confirmed their willingness to participate in the research. The respondents are valuers from various institutions such as appraisal firm, bank, financial institution and multinational corporation in property research and agency, who have passed Basic Professional Education in Property Valuation (which makes them entitled registered valuers from the Indonesian Ministry of Finance). The respondents were asked to be involved in the experiment as an appraiser valuing a real object by filling in a working paper based on a given valuation case. The researcher (who is also a chartered/licensed valuer) carefully observed what actually has happened in the process of adjustment determined by the appraisers according to their judgments and decisions. The researcher and the respondents are able to interact (when necessary) in order to clarify, to confirm or if there are comments as well as questions from the respondents regarding the research. The interactions enable the researcher to capture richer behavioural insights.FindingsThe following behavioural shortcomings are identified from the respondents’ submitted working papers and reactions during their participation in the research: (a) information avoidance, (b) bias and fallacy and (c) inaccuracies. The first two are related to how valuers address and react on a certain issue such as information, while the last is related to their judgement and decision making. It is also found that inaccuracies can appear in the following modes: inconsistency, misplacement, assumed equality (assumption of insignificant difference) and unjustified allocation.Practical implicationsThe results of this research provide insights of real examples regarding what to avoid when conducting a professional valuation work, that is unnecessary, incorrect perspectives and actions.Originality/valueThe selected research method and the applied data-collection technique allow a closer look at how valuers conducting valuation work and/or a deeper observation inside valuation process therefore enables to identify what inappropriate uses during anchoring and adjustments might be. This research contributes to scarce literature on behavioural valuation research based on own/direct experience.

Cats with inflammatory gastrointestinal or dermatological disorders exhibit increased care-soliciting and anxious behaviors.

This study investigated whether the behavior profiles of cats with inflammatory gastrointestinal or skin diseases differ from those of healthy cats. We identified adult cats within the patient database at the University of Pennsylvania's veterinary hospital that had been diagnosed with inflammatory gastrointestinal (n = 22) or skin disorders (17) and a control group of healthy cats (58). We collected data via owner completion of the Feline Behavioral Assessment & Research Questionnaire from March to May 2023 and conducted an observational study comparing the Feline Behavioral Assessment & Research Questionnaire scores between groups. Cats with inflammatory gastrointestinal or skin disease exhibited more etepimeletic (care-soliciting) behaviors than healthy cats, including purring (U = 1,396.50, Z = 2.03, r = 0.21, 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.50), trainability (U = 1,303.50, Z = 2.33, r = 0.24, 95% CI, 0.00 to 1.00), and sociability to people (U = 367.50, Z = 2.21, r = 0.26, 95% CI, 0.00 to 1.57). The inflammatory group also exhibited more anxious behaviors than the healthy group, including compulsive grooming (U = 1,736.00, Z = 4.91, r = 0.50, 95% CI, 0.33 to 1.00) and fear of novelty (U = 603.00, Z = 2.14, r = 0.25, 95% CI, 0.00 to 1.00). Additionally, cats treated with corticosteroids exhibited more anxious behaviors than healthy and nonsteroid treatment groups, including separation behaviors (χ2[2] = 8.22, η2 = 0.08) and compulsive grooming (χ2[2] = 25.35, η2 = 0.25). Chronic inflammatory response is associated with increased etepimeletic and anxious behaviors in cats, and corticosteroid treatment is associated with anxious behaviors. These findings suggest that monitoring anxious and etepimeletic behaviors may be relevant when assessing inflammatory disease in cats.

FACTORS AFFECTING ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIONS IN STUDENTS: A THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION AND INTENTION

Entrepreneurship has been viewed as a key contributor to generating new jobs and an economic catalyst in a country. It creates a sense of independence and a financially strong mindset among graduates who become self-employed, which contributes to the financial growth of the nation. Research studies in existence explain that entrepreneurial action is based on entrepreneurial intention, which is primarily driven by goal-oriented conduct of an individual. However, the question that still remains unanswered is that what links the transmission of intention into entrepreneurial behavior has not been studied in abundance. Thus, it is imperative to identify those factors that significantly impact the entrepreneurial intention of student entrepreneurs who have attained the minimum post- secondary level of education. This research aims to study the impact of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intentions, which leads to entrepreneurial action. We attempt to examine the factors that affect intention, such as financial, motivational, and psychological, among students. This paper is descriptive in nature, and the data collected is secondary in the form of reviews and suggestions. Entrepreneurial intentions lead to entrepreneurial behavior. Hence, entrepreneurship educationalists will reap benefits from intention based behavioral research in entrepreneurship. The paper concludes with the identification of factors playing a vital role in entrepreneurial actions. The authors provide input for practical implications and directions for future research.

Temporal Unfolding of Spelling-to-sound Mappings in Visual (Non)word Recognition.

Behavioral research has shown that inconsistency in spelling-to-sound mappings slows visual word recognition and word naming. However, the time course of this effect remains underexplored. To address this, we asked skilled adult readers to perform a 1-back repetition detection task that did not explicitly involve phonological coding, in which we manipulated lexicality (high-frequency words vs. pseudowords) and sublexical spelling-to-sound consistency (treated as a dichotomous-consistent vs. inconsistent-and continuous dimension), while recording their brain electrical activity. The ERP results showed that the adult brain distinguishes between real and nonexistent words within 119-172 msec after stimulus onset (early N170), likely reflecting initial, rapid access to a primitive visuo-orthographic representation. The consistency of spelling-to-sound mappings exerted an effect shortly after the lexicality effect (172-270 msec; late N170), which percolated to the 353- to 475-msec range but only for real words. This suggests that, in expert readers, orthographic and phonological codes become available automatically and nearly simultaneously within the first 200 msec of the recognition process. We conclude that the early coupling of orthographic and phonological information plays a core role in visual word recognition by mature readers. Our findings support "quasiparallel" processing rather than strict cognitive seriality in early visual word recognition.

Trace: A research media player measuring real-time audience engagement.

Measuring attention and engagement is essential for understanding a wide range of psychological phenomena. Advances in technology have made it possible to measure real-time attention to naturalistic stimuli, providing ecologically valid insight into temporal dynamics. We developed a research protocol called Trace, which records anonymous facial landmarks, expressions, and patterns of movement associated with engagement in screen-based media. Trace runs in a standard internet browser and resembles a contemporary media player. It is embedded in the open-source package PsychoJS (the JavaScript sister library of PsychoPy) hosted via Pavlovia, and can be integrated with a wide range of behavioral research methods. Developed over multiple iterations and tested with over 200 participants in three studies, including the official broadcast of a major theatre production, Trace is a powerful, user-friendly protocol allowing behavioral researchers to capture audience attention and engagement in screen-based media as part of authentic, ecologically valid audience experiences.

Analysis of Existing Techniques in Human Emotion and Behavioral Analysis using Deep Learning and Machine Learning Models

Abstract Artificial intelligence has become a pivotal force in the 21st-century information technology landscape, driving significant advancements in various fields. As AI continues to evolve, its capacity to understand and analyze human emotions and behaviors through machine learning has reached a new height. In practical applications, it is essential to intelligently capture the emotional information. Current research methods for studying human emotions and behaviors can be broadly classified into artificial and machine learning. Predominantly, emotion research leverages machine learning to enable AI to recognize facial expressions and perform emotion detection and feedback tasks. In the realm of human behavior research, vital structural information is extracted from limbs and skeletons for detailed analysis. Significant breakthroughs have been achieved by integrating AI technology with effective algorithms. However, existing detection mechanisms still suffer from varying degrees of error, primarily owing to imperfections in machine learning and algorithmic approaches to human emotions and behaviors, resulting in computational inaccuracies. This review explores the contributions and limitations of both machine and artificial learning in the current research landscape. This review proposes leveraging the working principles of wearable technology to develop a comprehensive detection framework for emotions and behaviors. This integrated approach aims to enhance the accuracy and reliability of AI in detecting human emotions and behaviors, thereby laying a solid foundation for future advancements in this field. By addressing the current challenges and refining methodologies, we can significantly improve AI's effectiveness of AI in understanding and interacting with human emotional and behavioral patterns.

Behavioural finance research and knowledge mapping: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis from 2010 to 2022

Behavioural finance research and knowledge mapping: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis from 2010 to 2022

Uncovering Global Trends in Internet of Behaviors (IoB) Research through Bibliometric Analysis

The Internet of Behaviors (IoB) represents an emerging multidisciplinary field that integrates technology, data analytics, and behavioral science to influence and understand human actions through digital interactions. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis to uncover global research trends in IoB, highlighting its evolution, key themes, and emerging areas of interest. The analysis, based on publications from 2001 to 2024, reveals the central role of technological advancements such as artificial intelligence and IoT in driving IoB research. Key applications include personalized marketing, healthcare optimization, and smart city development, while ethical and privacy concerns remain critical challenges. India is identified as a leading contributor and global hub for IoB research, with significant international collaborations. Despite its rapid growth, gaps exist in understanding the long-term societal impacts of IoB and its applicability in underrepresented regions. This study emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary research, ethical governance, and inclusive collaboration to maximize IoB's potential for innovation and societal benefit.

Exploring the role of cultural values on consumers’ organic food consumption: Does blockchain-enabled traceability matter?

Research background: There is limited knowledge about how cultural values influence organic food consumption, as well as how blockchain-enabled traceability facilitates this behavior. Given the increasing need for transparency in food supply chains and increasing interest in sustainable consumption, understanding the role of culture and technological innovations like blockchain is crucial. Purpose of the article: This research applies Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and the Theory of Planned Behavior to investigate the effects of cultural values on organic food consumption, and the moderating role of blockchain-enabled traceability. Therefore, the study aims to contribute to the state of the art by integrating cultural perspectives with technological advancements, offering actionable insights for consumer research and sustainable supply chain management. Methods: Using a purposive sample of 5,326 consumers in Vietnam, the study employs hierarchical multiple regression to test the conceptual model and hypotheses. Findings & value added: The findings reveal that uncertainty avoidance, collectivism, and long-term orientation positively influence attitude toward purchasing organic foods, which in turn enhances purchase intentions and behaviors. Conversely, masculinity negatively impacts these attitudes. However, power distance and individualism do not significantly affect attitudes or purchase behaviors. Furthermore, blockchain-enabled traceability significantly moderates the effects of perceived behavioral control on both organic food purchase intentions and behaviors. By bridging the research gap on consumer perspectives on blockchain adoption and cultural impacts on sustainable consumption, the study advances the existing literature and provides a comprehensive framework to understand and facilitate organic food consumption. These contributions have long-term implications for integrating cultural and technological dimensions into consumer behavior research and practical food supply chain management decision-making.

Physicians' Social Skills - Conceptualization, Taxonomy, and Behavioral Assessment.

Social skills (e.g., assertiveness, empathy, ability to accept criticism) are essential for the medical profession and therefore also for the selection and development of medical students. However, the term "social skills" is understood differently in different contexts. There is no agreed upon taxonomy for classifying physicians' social skills, and skills with the same meaning often have different names. This conceptual ambiguity presents a hurdle to cross-context communication and to the development of methods to assess social skills. Drawing from behavioral psychology, we aim to contribute to a better understanding of social skills in the medical context. To this end, we introduce a theoretically and empirically informed taxonomy that can be used to integrate the large number of different social skills. We consider how skills manifest at the behavioral level to ensure that we focus only on skills that are actually observable, distinguishable, and measurable. Here, behavioral research has shown that three overarching skill dimensions can be seen in interpersonal situations and are clearly distinguishable from each other: agency skill (i.e., getting ahead in social situations), communion skill (i.e., getting along in social situations), and interpersonal resilience (i.e., staying calm in social situations). We show that almost all social skills relevant for physicians fit into this structure. The approach presented allows redundant descriptions to be combined under three clearly distinguishable and behavior-based dimensions of social skills. This approach has implications for the assessment of social skills in both the selection and development of students.

Behavioural Profile Differences Between Cats in Animal-Assisted Services (AAS) and Non-AAS Cats Using the Fe-BARQ in Flanders

The engagement of cats in animal-assisted services (AAS) is increasing. This is surprising given that feline behavioural needs have been perceived as contradictory to conditions associated with AAS engagement, leading to the assumption that cats as a species are not suitable for AAS. However, important within-species variability in behavioural traits nuancing this assumption has not been addressed. Therefore, this study aimed to map the behavioural profiles of cats engaged in AAS and non-AAS cats to detect behavioural profile differences between these groups. Such differences could point to AAS cats being selected to engage in AAS based upon particular behavioural traits or, relatedly, to AAS cats coping differently with AAS features. Using a Flemish translation of the Feline Behavioural Assessment and Research Questionnaire (Fe-BARQ), cross-sectional survey data on various cats’ (N = 474) behavioural indices were collected. Using Mann–Whitney U-tests, results indicate that AAS cats significantly differed from non-AAS cats on five out of 19 behavioural subscales. Specifically, AAS cats scored higher on sociability with people, attention seeking, sociability with cats and predatory behaviour, and they scored lower on resistance to restraint. While this study did not allow for assessing explanations for these differences, findings suggest that cats in AAS may be intentionally or unintentionally selected for behavioural traits perceived as desirable for engagement in AAS. While we refrain from drawing conclusions regarding the “suitability” of cats based solely on our findings, our study contributes to the ongoing discourse surrounding critical themes around AAS-engaging cats. Furthermore, our findings provide a first indication of the reliability of a translation of a well-validated measurement tool suitable to map behavioural traits of cats in Flanders engaged in AAS.

The research of the electrochemical behavior of Ni – Cr – Mo alloys and their welded joints by cyclic polarization in a sulfuric acid medium

The research of the electrochemical behavior of Ni – Cr – Mo alloys and their welded joints by cyclic polarization in a sulfuric acid medium

ANALYSIS OF RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES IN PE FIBER-REINFORCED FLY ASH GEOPOLYMER FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

The leading edge of construction advancements is represented by 3D printing which creates durable and elaborate structures and minimizes resource wastage. As a viable substitute for regular cement materials highlights the ecological benefits and strong mechanical traits of fly ash geopolymers. This study investigates how the addition of polyethylene (PE) fibers alters these properties and how varying concentrations influence the flow behavior and capability of producing the composite material. The analysis of non-Newtonian behavior in these fiber-reinforced geopolymers is conducted using the Herschel-Bulkley model. By precisely measuring critical rheological factors such as viscosity and flow behavior researchers can evaluate how they influence 3D printing processes. This research reveals that adding PE fibers boosts the material’s strength and improves resistance against cracking while also elevating the viscosity and yield stress that can hinder its passage through the printer’s nozzle. An optimal blend of fiber content emerges from controlled tests that align increased durability with controllable extrusion flow and structure reliability. The results offer deep practical applications that reveal methods for producing geopolymers that can maintain strength while meeting the exacting requirements of 3D printing methods. Research deepens the grasp of how adding fibers alters the properties of geopolymers and enriches the overall dialogue on green building materials. It opens doors for subsequent analysis of complex fiber systems and creative additive practices to boost the effectiveness and resilience of construction materials in practical use.

Episodic Aspects of a Path Navigated Through Hippocampal Neurobiology

ABSTRACTAs requested by the editors of this special issue of Hippocampus on Scientific Histories of Hippocampal Research, this review provides a detailed personal perspective and historical background on the research involved in a number of findings. The review includes description of the development of the water maze and its use in providing evidence to support the role of the hippocampus in spatial memory function. The review also describes how the water maze was then used in further work to support the proposal that NMDA‐dependent synaptic modification in the hippocampus mediates the encoding of new spatial memories. This personal history gives a perspective on the convergence of different streams of physiological, biochemical, theoretical and behavioral research that resulted in these findings on hippocampal function.

Belonging and beliefs: how social influences drive the intention to purchase foods with health claims

PurposeThis study examines how social influences (need to belong and fear of missing out) and the perceived credibility of health claims affect the intention to purchase foods with health claims.Design/methodology/approachData were obtained from a web-based survey of 844 Spaniards aged 25 years and older, with sex and age quotas. Real product images with health claims contextualized the purchase intention questions, aiding respondents who often struggle to differentiate health from promotional claims.FindingsBoth personal and social dimensions of fear of missing out (FoMO) influence the desire to belong to a healthy group. The intention to purchase food with health claims is also positively associated with the desire to belong. The results reflect the importance of FoMO and the need to belong in enhancing consumers’ tendency to purchase products with health claims. The results also reflect the importance of purchase intention in making health claims perceived as credible.Originality/valueThis study integrates individual aspects (belief in the credibility of health claims) with social aspects (belonging and FoMO) to analyze the intention to purchase foods with health claims. Using authentic product images to aid consumer comprehension adds an innovative dimension, addressing a gap in consumer behavior research.

Identifying Strategies for Strengthening Behavioral and Social Science Research Study Conduct.

Behavioral and social science research (BSSR) studies are less stringently regulated compared to drug and device studies. At our university, internal quality assurance activities revealed BSSR studies have more, but similar, issues compared to other studies. However, most institutional resources are tailored to support drug and device research, leaving an evidence gap regarding effective strategies for fostering rigorous BSSR study conduct. Two campus units partnered to undertake a two-phase study. First, we characterized compliance issues based on BSSR study audit data. Second, we conducted interviews with behavioral researchers and others to discuss contributors to compliance issues and potential mitigating strategies. Through thematic analysis, we identified problems at that can be addressed at individual, study team, and university systems levels. Study results outline potential strategies to reduce compliance issues.

Thirty years of persuasion knowledge research: From demonstrating effects to building theory to increasing applicability

AbstractPersuasion knowledge, which encapsulates consumers' literacy of common marketing tactics and their assumptions about what marketers hope to accomplish by using these tactics, has inspired substantial research in consumer psychology, advertising, and many other fields. The original article introducing the persuasion knowledge model (PKM; Friestad & Wright, 1994) has grown in importance over the past 30 years. A major strength of extant persuasion knowledge research is that it has investigated effects that have applicability to the traditional media advertising context. We point out the need, however, for further theory development aimed at explaining the persuasion knowledge effects that have been observed, and we discuss the value of considering dual‐processing theories in this regard. We further contend that persuasion knowledge research should be broadened beyond the context of traditional advertising to encompass content marketing. Finally, we consider how the interplay of theory and effects can allow greater applicability in behavioral research.

The neural basis of self-ambivalence: an ERP study

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the neural basis of self-ambivalence, a phenomenon firmly established by behavioral research but whose underlying brain mechanisms have been less explored. Employing EEG methods and a modified self-reference paradigm, we analyzed event-related potentials using a linear mixed model to determine whether self-ambivalence processing exhibits a distinct neural representation. The results indicated that self-ambivalence processing primarily affected the late components (N2, N450, and P3), with N450 activation in the midline brain regions showing a significant positive correlation with scores on the Dialectical Self Scale. This finding suggests that individuals with higher levels of self-ambivalence may engage in more extensive processing of self-ambivalent information. The current study confirms the importance of the cortical midline in self-ambivalence and provides the first evidence of a distinct EEG representation of self-ambivalence processing. These findings contribute to our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying self-ambivalence and highlight the potential role of individual differences in shaping the neural processing of self-ambivalent information.

Discrete-Time Survival Analysis Incorporating Time Structure in Developmental Research

Discrete-time survival analysis (DTSA) is a method widely used by social and behavioral researchers as it aids in the exploration of patterns in time-to-event measures. However, the traditional DTSA models often fail to adequately represent the structured dynamics of hazardous processes. This study introduces structural DTSA, an alternative approach that extends traditional DTSA by incorporating functional forms of hazard changes. With structural DTSA, a reparameterization of the functional forms is also possible for more meaningful interpretations of the results of time-to-event data analyses. This study aims to provide a detailed tutorial on structured DTSA, demonstrating its applicability in social and behavioral research. Henceforth, we demonstrate the application of structured DTSA using data on smoking initiation from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1997 (NLSY97). These findings highlight the potential of structured DTSA for various developmental studies.

Community acceptance of wind energy projects development in Viet Nam from the perspective of behavioral reasoning theory

PurposeThis study aims to present the factors affecting and comparing the difference in community acceptance between groups of survey from the perspective of behavioral reasoning theory (BRT).Design/methodology/approachThis study presents a quantitative method through conducting survey of 152 local residents from three provinces of Viet Nam.FindingsThis study examines the new approach of “reason for” and “reason against” community acceptance within the context of wind energy development in Viet Nam. This study also suggests that “reason for” have a positive impact on the local community; however, issues like noise and shadow cast by turbine blades are significant challenges that contribute to the “reason against” acceptance. This study’s findings provide evidence of the importance of location and socio – economic impacts in influencing community acceptance and can give some feedback for local policymakers in Viet Nam’s energy sector as they implement wind projects in potential areas.Originality/valueTo the best of the author's knowledge, this study is the first empirical study conducted across three Vietnamese provinces on community acceptance of onshore wind energy. The integration of literature on socio-acceptance with BRT in energy research contributes valuable insights to the fields of energy behavior and energy policy research.