Adolescent Problem Behaviors Research Articles

Examining family processes linked to adolescent problem behaviors in single-mother families: The moderating role of school connectedness.

ObjectivePrevious research has shown that adolescents in single-mother households are at heightened risk for adjustment problems. However, limited studies have investigated the mechanisms leading to adolescent problem behaviors in single-mother households. To address this research gap, this study applied the Family Stress Model to examine how single mothers’ material hardship is linked to adolescent problem behaviors, focusing on the mediating roles of mothers’ depression and mother-adolescent closeness. The moderating role of adolescent school connectedness in the relationships between mother-adolescent closeness and school connectedness and between mothers’ depression and school connectedness was also investigated.Materials and methodsThe study analyzed data from 1,384 adolescents and their single mothers who participated in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study at Wave 6. The associations between study variables were analyzed using structural equation modeling by decomposing the direct, indirect, and total effects of material hardship on adolescent problem behaviors. School connectedness’s interactions with mother-adolescent closeness and mothers’ depression were also examined.ResultsResults showed a significant indirect relationship between material hardship and adolescent problem behaviors through sequential mediation of mothers’ depression and mother-adolescent closeness. Mothers’ depression also significantly mediated the relationship between material hardship and problem behaviors. Lastly, school connectedness moderated the relationship between mother-adolescent closeness and adolescents’ internalizing behaviors. The association between mother-adolescent closeness and adolescents’ internalizing behavior was weaker for adolescents with higher levels of school connectedness.ConclusionThe results indicate the important indirect effect of economic strain on adolescents’ problems behaviors in single-mother households, which has been less emphasized compared to the effects in earlier childhood. High rates of material hardship and adolescent problem behaviors in single-mother families call for multifaceted interventions focusing on family processes and protective factors, including school environment.

The associations of chronotype and social jetlag with prosocial behavior problems among Chinese adolescents

ABSTRACT Potential relevance between the circadian rhythm and behavioral health has got raising attention in recent years. This study aimed to examine chronotype, social jetlag and their associations with prosocial behavior problems among Chinese adolescents. A total of 4,666 middle school students aged 12–18 years were enrolled in study. Sleep characteristics were collected by the modified Chinese version of Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale (M-ASHS); MSFsc and mid-sleep point were calculated to determine chronotypes and social jetlag. Prosocial behavior problems were assessed by the Strength and Difficult Questionnaire (SDQ). Multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze the relationships between chronotype and social jetlag with prosocial behavior problems. Evening chronotype was associated with higher risk of prosocial behavior problems, whether among male (OR = 1.82, 95%CI:1.27–2.61, P = .001) or female adolescents (OR = 1.83, 95%CI:1.15–2.91, P = .011). Female adolescents with social jetlag of 1–2 hours had 1.60 times the risk of prosocial behavior problems than their peers whose social jetlag was <1 h (P = .028); social jetlag ≥ 2 h was positively associated with prosocial behavior problems in both male and female adolescents (OR = 1.79 and 2.45, respectively, both P < .05). Further, the combination of intermediate chronotype and social jetlag ≥ 2 h was correlated with prosocial behavior problems only in female adolescents (OR = 3.24, 95%CI = 1.40–9.21, P = .004). Evening chronotype and higher social jetlag were risk factors for prosocial behavior problems in adolescents, especially for the female. For the promotion of prosocial behavior in adolescents, the importance of circadian rhythm should be addressed.

Air Pollution Exposure during Pregnancy and Childhood, Cognitive Function, and Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Adolescents

Background: Exposure to air pollution may impact neurodevelopment during childhood, but current evidence on the association with cognitive function and mental health is inconclusive and primarily focusses on young children. Therefore, we aim to study the association of exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and childhood, with cognitive function and emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents. Methods: We used data from 5,170 participants of a birth cohort in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Concentrations of fourteen air pollutants at participant’s home addresses were estimated during pregnancy and childhood, using land use regression models. We included four cognitive domains and an estimated full-scale IQ. Internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems were self- and parent-reported. We used linear regression models to assess the association of each air pollutant, with cognitive function and emotional and behavioral problems, adjusting for socioeconomic status and lifestyle characteristics. Then, we performed multipollutant analyses using the Deletion/Substitution/Addition (DSA) algorithm Results: Air pollution exposure was not associated with full-scale IQ, working memory, or processing speed. Higher exposure to few air pollutants was associated with higher fluid reasoning and verbal IQ scores (e.g. 0.22 points of fluid reasoning (95%CI 0.00; 0.44) per 1 µg/m3 increase in organic carbon during pregnancy). Higher exposure to some air pollutants was also associated with less internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems (e.g. -0.27 internalizing problems (95% CI -0.52; -0.02) per each 5 ng/m3 increase in copper during pregnancy). Conclusions: Higher exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and childhood was not associated with lower cognitive function or more emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents. Based on previous literature and biological plausibility, the observed protective associations are probably explained by negative residual confounding, selection bias, or chance and do not represent a causal relationship. Keywords: air pollution; cognitive function; mental health; adolescents; traffic

The Relationship Between Body Mass Index Emotional Behavioral Problems and Prosocial Behaviours in Children and Adolescents

Çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi polikliniklerine başvuran çocuk ve ergenlerin beden kitle indekslerinin araştırılması ve bunların prososyal özellikler, duygusal ve davranışsal sorunlar ile olası ilişkisinin araştırılması, bir halk sağlığı sorunu olan obezitenin eşlik eden olumsuz etkilerini daha iyi anlamak ve çözümü için öneriler sunmak için önemlidir. Çalışmamızın amacı, çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi polikliniğine başvuran çocuk ve ergenlerin BKİ z-skoru ile prososyal becerileri, duygusal davranış sorunları arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir. Çalışmamıza Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesine Haziran 2021-Eylül 2021 ayları arası Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisi polikliniğine başvurmuş 130 çocuk ve ergen hasta dâhil edilmiştir. Çalışma prosedürü, yazılı bilgilendirilmiş onam veren tüm katılımcılara sözlü olarak da anlatılmıştır. Çalışmanın etik kurul kararı Uludağ Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu’ndan alınmıştır. Hastalara tanısı; Okul Çağı Çocukları İçin Duygulanım Bozuklukları ve Şizofreni Görüşme Çizelgesi-Şimdi ve Yaşam Boyu Şekli (ÇDŞG-ŞY) DSM-5 yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmesi Türkçe formu ile konulmuştur. Bireylerin duygusal güçlükleri ve prosoyal özellikleri, Güçler-güçlükler Anketi–Ebeveyn ölçeği ile değerlendirilmiştir. Hastaların BKİ ise aynı hemşire tarafından boy ve kilo ölçümleri ile yapılacaktır. Çalışmaya katılan çocuk ve ergenlerin yaş ortalaması 11.9+-3.74’dır.Cinsiyetlere göre bakıldığında katılımcıların %53,4 kız (n:63) kız cinsiyetindeydi. Çalışmaya katılanların %5,9 (n=7) obez, %12,7’i (n=15) aşırı kilolu, %12,7’si (n=42) normal kilolu, %37,3’ü (n=44) zayıf, %8.5’u (n=10) aşırı zayıf,olarak saptanmıştır. Cinsiyetler arasında obezite açısından fark izlenmedi (p=0,72). Çalışmamız pandemi döneminde başvuran ergenlerin prososyal özelliklerinin ve beden kitle indeksi ve, duygusal davranışsal sorunlar ve hastalıkları arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen bir çalışma olması bakımından önemlidir. Çocuk ve ergenlerde obezitenin yol açtığı olası sorunların tanınması eşlik edebilecek ruhsal sorunların öngörülmesi ve erken müdahalenin yapılması açısından önemlidir. Ayrıca uygun gereksinimlerin tanınması ve karşılanması koruyucu ruh sağlığı açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu anlamda risk faktörlerini tanımlayan ve araştıran çalışmaların artması toplum sağlığı açısından önemli yer tutar.

Adolescents experience increased problems, and also increased resilience as a result of COVID‐19

Adolescents claim they have more behavioral problems, less social emotional skills, and are less prosocial because of COVID-19. A study found reductions in social emotional skills, prosocial behavior, and resilience scores. Still, the study found that the changes are not significant, and that changes in adolescents’ social emotional skills are negatively and significantly related to changes in internalized and externalized problems and positively and significantly related to changes in prosocial behavior and resilience. The implication is that adolescents who experienced larger development in social emotional learning also experienced more increase in resilience and prosocial behavior and a decrease in difficulties. [Martinsone B, et al. Adolescent social emotional skills, resilience and behavioral problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study in three European countries. Front Psychiatry 2022 Aug 1; 13:942692. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.942692.]

Maternal, Paternal, and Peer Relationships Differentially Predict Adolescent Behavioral Problems.

The current study investigated how maternal, paternal, and peer social relationships predict adolescent behavioral problems using secondary data analyses of the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). We aimed to examine differences between maternal and paternal relationships in predicting adolescent behavioral problems, and we hypothesized that parental relationships would more strongly predict adolescent behavioral problems than peer relationship in mid-adolescence. Participants were 929 adolescents at their 14-year-old visit. Hierarchical multiple regressions and multiple regression models revealed the following: Maternal relationship quality predicted fewer adolescent externalizing and total behavioral problems; paternal relationship quality predicted fewer internalizing problems; and peer popularity predicted fewer externalizing and total behavioral problems. In conclusion, mother-adolescent relationship may be more important for externalizing behavioral problems and father-adolescent relationship may be more important for internalizing behavioral problems. In middle adolescence, parental relationships are still more important than peer relationship in predicting adolescent behavioral problems. Study limitations and implications for research, policy, and practice were discussed.

Disrupting the Link between Corporal Punishment Exposure and Adolescent Aggression: The Role of Teacher-Child Relationships

Previous research has identified harsh parenting practices, such as corporal punishment, as a predictor of adolescent behaviour problems such as increased aggression. However, not all children who experience childhood corporal punishment develop increased aggression, making the illumination of factors moderating this link an important question for informing prevention. In the current study, an autoregressive cross-lagged panel model was used to examine teacher-child relationships as both a direct and interactive protective factor (via weakening the effects of corporal punishment exposure) in adolescent aggression. Data was used from the Zurich Project on the Social Development from Childhood to Adulthood (z-proso). Self-reported data was collected at three time points: age 11 (n = 1144, 49% female) age 13 (n = 1366, 49% female) and age 15 (n = 1447, 48% female). Results suggested having a positive teacher-child relationship was a direct protective factor against concurrent aggression. However, there was not consistent evidence for a moderating effect of teacher-child relationships. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Racial/ethnic Disparities In 24-hour Movement Behavior And Social-emotional Problems In Early Adolescents

Racial/ethnic Disparities In 24-hour Movement Behavior And Social-emotional Problems In Early Adolescents

EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN JODHPUR CITY

Adolescents are highly vulnerable to psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to explore the emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents. A community-based exploratory survey was conducted between November and December 2019. Cluster sampling was done. 300 adolescents in12 to 18 years of age group from the different randomly related areas of Jodhpur city were involved in the study. Emotional and behavioral problems were assessed by using a self-structured Emotional and behavioral problem questionnaire. Inform consent and assent were taken before filling the questionnaire Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied for analysis. SPSS version 16 was used for data analysis.Emotional problems are more prevalent in the population. Nearly 41% of participant falls under the borderline category and 1.33% i.e. 4 participant falls under the severe category comparatively behavioral problems are less prevalent. 21.66% of participant has a borderline level of behavioral problem and only one participant was found to have a severe level of behavioral problem. The domains under emotional problems have a higher mean value than the domains under behavioral. A number of siblings are significantly associated with behavioral problems. Emotional problems are more prevalent than behavioral problems. These data suggest that there is a need for mental health services for adolescents.

중학생의 CU특질이 문제행동에 미치는 영향 연구

This study aims to investigate the effect of CU characteristics of middle school students on problem behavior and to verify the mediating effect of stress in the family. This was intended to provide a foundation for counseling teachers in schools to provide useful data for counseling by reducing problem behavior of adolescents and stress that may occur at home. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, a preliminary survey of 60 copies of middle school students in Seoul related to this researcher showed high reliability with Cronbach's α value of .88. From June 3 to June 20, 2020, 481 copies of the questionnaire were distributed by visiting and commissioning middle schools in person. In this study, a correlation analysis was conducted using the SPSS 21.0 statistical program, and an independent sample t-test was conducted to verify the difference in major variables according to gender. The analysis results accordingly are as follows. First, it was confirmed that the CU characteristics of middle school students had a significant and positive effect on problem behavior. Second, it was confirmed that the CU characteristics of middle school students had a significant positive effect on family relationship stress. Third, it was found that the family relationship stress of middle school students had a significant positive effect on problem behavior. Fourth, the CU characteristics of middle school students partially mediated the relationship between family relationship stress and problem behavior.

Relational Competence, School Adjustment and Emotional Skills: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Group of Junior High School Students of the Sicilian Hinterland

Literature has demonstrated the influence of emotional adjustment toward manifestation of problem behaviors in adolescence above all during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research goal is to investigate the relational competence, the school adjustment and emotional skills in a group of junior high school students of the Sicilian hinterland. The research involved 213 students, among which 82 boys (38.1%) and 131 girls (61.9%), aged between 11 and 14 (M=12.98; S.D.=1.05), of which 6.7% have repeated the school year once. Participants completed following instruments: the Test of Interpersonal Relationships (TRI) developed by Bracken (1993) in order to value the perception of adolescents concerning the quality of their relationships in social, familial and school contexts; the Multidimensional Test of Self-Esteem (TMA) created by Bracken (2003), structured in six scales, which coincide with the dimensions considered constitutive of self-esteem, namely: Interpersonal Relationships, Emotional Competence, Control over the Environment, School Success, Family Life and Body Image Perception. Data show that a good emotional competence of adolescents has a positive influence on learning and scholastic success, but above all on their relational ability towards peer-group.

Adolescent social emotional skills, resilience and behavioral problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study in three European countries.

ObjectivesThe consequences of long-lasting restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic have become a topical question in the latest research. The present study aims to analyze longitudinal changes in adolescents’ social emotional skills, resilience, and behavioral problems. Moreover, the study addresses the impact of adolescents’ social emotional learning on changes in their resilience and behavioral problems over the course of seven months of the pandemic.MethodsThe Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2) measuring points were in October 2020 and May 2021, characterized by high mortality rates and strict restrictions in Europe. For all three countries combined, 512 questionnaires were answered by both adolescents (aged 11-13 and 14-16 years) and their parents. The SSIS-SEL and SDQ student self-report and parent forms were used to evaluate adolescents’ social emotional skills and behavioral problems. The CD-RISC-10 scale was administered to adolescents to measure their self-reported resilience. Several multilevel models were fitted to investigate the changes in adolescents’ social emotional skills, resilience, and behavioral problems, controlling for age and gender. Correlation analysis was carried out to investigate how changes in the adolescents’ social emotional skills were associated with changes in their resilience and mental health adjustment.ResultsComparing T1 and T2 evaluations, adolescents claim they have more behavioral problems, have less social emotional skills, and are less prosocial than perceived by their parents, and this result applies across all countries and age groups. Both informants agree that COVID-19 had a negative impact, reporting an increment in the mean internalizing and externalizing difficulties scores and reductions in social emotional skills, prosocial behavior, and resilience scores. However, these changes are not very conspicuous, and most of them are not significant. Correlation analysis shows that changes in adolescents’ social emotional skills are negatively and significantly related to changes in internalized and externalized problems and positively and significantly related to changes in prosocial behavior and resilience. This implies that adolescents who experienced larger development in social emotional learning also experienced more increase in resilience and prosocial behavior and a decrease in difficulties.ConclusionDue to its longitudinal design, sample size, and multi-informant approach, this study adds to a deeper understanding of the pandemic’s consequences on adolescents’ mental health.

Peranan Oang Tua Dalam Membimbing Moral dan Tingkah Laku Sosial Remaja di Kelurahan Wonokoyo Kecamatan Kedungkandang Kota Malang

Many adolescent behavior problems lead to deviant behavior and many are caused by the lack of parental roles and guidance. The importance of the role of parents in fostering a family, especially what is needed for the personal development of children to become mature and virtuous individuals, considering that the first environment that has a deep influence is the family environment itself. It is in this family environment that children are raised and get their first education, from experience in the family a personality is formed and many act in society in realizing a person with a personality and responsibility. The main problem in this study is how the role of parents in guiding the moral and social behavior of adolescents in Wonokoyo Village, Kedungkandang District, Malang City with the aim of the study is to describe the role of parents in guiding the moral and social behavior of adolescents in Wonokoyo Village, Kedungkandang District, Malang City. Analysis of the data used is a quantitative descriptive technique. To obtain the data needed in this study, several data collection techniques were used which included interviews, questionnaires, and observations. From the research results obtained, it is known that the role of parents in guiding the moral and social behavior of adolescents in Wonokoyo Village, Kedungkandang District, Malang City is quite good. So it can be concluded that the parental education factor is very influential in guiding the morals and behavior of adolescents in Wonokoyo Village, Kedungkandang District, Malang City.&#x0D;

Air pollution exposure during pregnancy and childhood, cognitive function, and emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents

BackgroundExposure to air pollution may impact neurodevelopment during childhood, but current evidence on the association with cognitive function and mental health is inconclusive and primarily focusses on young children. Therefore, we aim to study the association of exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and childhood, with cognitive function and emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents. MethodsWe used data from 5170 participants of a birth cohort in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Concentrations of fourteen air pollutants at participant's home addresses were estimated during pregnancy and childhood, using land use regression models. We included four cognitive domains (processing speed, working memory, fluid reasoning and verbal intelligence quotient (IQ)) and an estimated full-scale IQ. Internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems were self- and parent-reported. We used linear regression models to assess the association of each air pollutant, with cognitive function and emotional and behavioral problems, adjusting for socioeconomic status and lifestyle characteristics. Then, we performed multipollutant analyses using the Deletion/Substitution/Addition (DSA) algorithm. ResultsAir pollution exposure was not associated with full-scale IQ, working memory, or processing speed. Higher exposure to few air pollutants was associated with higher fluid reasoning and verbal IQ scores (e.g. 0.22 points of fluid reasoning (95%CI 0.00; 0.44) per 1 μg/m3 increase in organic carbon during pregnancy). Higher exposure to some air pollutants was also associated with less internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems (e.g. −0.27 internalizing problems (95% CI -0.52; −0.02) per each 5 ng/m3 increase in copper during pregnancy). ConclusionsHigher exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and childhood was not associated with lower cognitive function or more emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents. Based on previous literature and biological plausibility, the observed protective associations are probably explained by negative residual confounding, selection bias, or chance and do not represent a causal relationship.

Head circumference trajectories during the first two years of life and cognitive development, emotional, and behavior problems in adolescence: a cohort study.

Early-life HC trajectories were associated with adolescent cognitive development. HC may serve as an inexpensive screening tool to monitor child development at risk during the first 18months, particularly in resource-limited settings. • Postnatal head circumference (HC) has been shown to be associated with cognitive development in infants who were born premature and/or fetal growth restriction, while inconsistent associations were reported among generally healthy populations, especially in low- and middle- income countries, challenging its utility in public health practices. • Adolescents in the HC growth trajectory of consistently above average had higher cognitive scores compared to those with other suboptimal trajectories, whilenull findings were observed for adolescent emotional and behavioral health. • HC may serve as an inexpensive screening tool to monitor child development at risk during the first 18 months of life, particularly in resource-limited settings.

Family Context, Identity and Internet Use: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Group of Italian Adolescents During COVID-19 Pandemic

Literature has demonstrated the adaptive function of identity development and family context toward manifestation of problem behaviors in adolescence.&#x0D; The present research investigates: a) the influence of dysfunctional family dynamics on the Internet use; b) the impact that psychological and physical sensations - following excessive Internet use - can have on the quality of family relationships.&#x0D; The research involved 150 Italian students (65 males and 85 females) aged between 14 and 20 years (M =15.99, S.D = 1.94). The research lasted for 1 school year.&#x0D; Participants completed: an anamnestic questionnaire; the Family Assessment Device (FAD) in order to value the family functioning; and a self-report constructed ad hoc questionnaire, named “Adolescents and Digital Technologies” to measure frequency of use of social networks and Internet, the motivation for the use of social networks, the physical and psychological sensation perceived following their use.&#x0D; Data show the influence of gender and age on the general use of Internet; the influence of gender on psychological and physical sensations experienced by adolescent participants while using the Internet; and the predictive role of the family emotional involvement on Internet use.&#x0D; Family is a context for learning models and values that affect the wider social and regulatory context, and for this reason it is considered the privileged context in which to intervene to reduce behavioral problems of adolescents.

Relationships between challenging behavior and gastrointestinal symptoms, sleep problems, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children and adolescents with Angelman syndrome

BackgroundAngelman syndrome (AS), is a rare genetic disorder. This study investigated the relationship between parent-reported comorbid symptoms including gastrointestinal symptoms, sleep problems, internalizing symptoms, and behavior problems in children and adolescents with AS. MethodParents of 98 children and adolescents with AS completed the Gastrointestinal Symptom Inventory, Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire, Child Behavior Checklist, Social Communication Questionnaire, and the Behavior Problem Inventory-Short Form. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regressions. ResultsThere was a high frequency of GI symptoms (99%), sleep problems (95.9%), challenging behavior (98%), internalizing symptoms (38%), and 72.4% of children and adolescents presented with ASD symptoms. Self-injurious behavior (SIB), aggressive/destructive behavior, and the frequency of stereotyped behavior positively correlated with GI symptoms and sleep problems and it was moderately negatively associated with age. Internalizing symptoms and age were positively associated with SIB. Aggression was significantly related to gender, but not the presence of ASD symptoms. ConclusionsFindings highlight the relationships between comorbid conditions. They may lead to a deeper understanding of how comorbidities present in children and adolescents with Angelman Syndrome.

Barriers and Facilitators to Engaging Mothers and Fathers in Family-Based Interventions: A Qualitative Systematic Review

The current systematic review examined the similarities and differences between mothers’ and fathers’ reported barriers and facilitators to engaging in family-based interventions for child and adolescent behavioural problems (aged 2–17 years). Systematic searches of six electronic databases and grey literature alongside a two-way screening process identified twenty eligible qualitative studies from 2004 to 2019. A thematic meta-synthesis identified similarities in major themes of psychological, situational, knowledge/awareness, programme/intervention, co-parenting, practitioner, and beliefs/attitudes factors, alongside group experiences and stages of engagement. However, differences emerged in subthemes related to parental, treatment, and service delivery factors that included individual ideologies of parenting, parental roles, and treatment participation; the role of mothers in facilitating engagement; and individual preferences for treatment content and delivery. Overall, findings suggest that while mothers and fathers experience similar challenges to engagement, they can also experience distinct challenges which need to be addressed at the treatment outset to maximise engagement.

Deteksi Dini Masalah Emosi dan Perilaku pada Usia 11 – 18 Tahun di SMK YPPP Wonomulyo

Adolescents are individuals aged 11-12 years to 20-21 years. Adolescence is a period of transition where there are many changes in the individual, both physical, and psychological changes. Adolescents who are identical with high curiosity greatly affect their every behavior in everyday life because not everything they want to know is good, sometimes there are some teenagers who fall into negative things due to wrong steps. Especially when viewed from the emotional aspect of teenagers who are still unstable and cannot control themselves well. On the other hand, adolescents are also faced with the challenges of puberty, changes in social and environmental roles in order to achieve independence. These challenges have the potential to cause emotional and behavioral problems for adolescents. These emotional and behavioral problems are very common among teenagers, therefore it is necessary to detect them so that they can be prevented as early as possible. This study aims to identify emotional and behavioral problems at the age of 11-18 years at YPPP Wonomulyo Vocational High School. Research method is a type of quantitative research with data collection techniques were carried out using a strength and weakness questionnaire (SDQ) which will assess emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents. Sampling using total sampling technique and the results obtained by research with 550 respondents, the adolescent emotional and behavioral problems have a normal percentage more than the threshold/borderline percentage and abnormal percentage. So it can be concluded that the level of emotion and behavior of adolescents in YPPP Wonomulyo Vocational High School with normal emotional symptoms is 328 (60%), threshold/borderline 80 (14%), abnormal is 142 (26%) and normal behavior problems are 432 (78%), threshold 75(14%), abnormal 43(8%).

Behavioral inhibition as an early life predictor of callous-unemotional traits

Callous-unemotional (CU) traits predict behavioral problems in adolescence. But little is known about early modulatory factors. Behavioral Inhibition (BI) in particular has been suggested to protect against the development of CU-traits. This temperamental predisposition is characterized by heightened environmental sensitivity. The current prospective longitudinal study examined whether BI at 15 months of age predicted lower CU-traits across development to age 21. A longitudinal sample of normatively developing children (n = 125) was used. BI was assessed at 15 months using a standard stranger/robot paradigm. CU-traits were assessed at 2, 5, 9, 12, 14, 17, and 21 years with parent, teacher, and self-reports. Developmental pathways across all available data points were examined using Bayesian mixed models and k-means cluster analysis. Infant BI predicted lower CU-traits across development for girls, suggesting that BI buffers the long-term development of CU-traits for girls. CU-traits peaked in early adulthood. Boys scored higher and showed higher increases in CU-traits than girls from childhood onward. There was no gender difference regarding infant BI. Together, the findings demonstrated gender differences in the development of CU-traits, with a protective role of BI for girls. These results shed new light on the developmental trajectories and protective factors of CU-traits and provide starting points for interventions aiming at increasing children’s responsiveness to external cues to prevent antisocial traits and conduct problems.