Working Behavior Research Articles

Cognitive, behavioral and psychological functioning of children and adults with conservatively managed metopic synostosis

ABSTRACT Children diagnosed with metopic synostosis (MS) commonly experience poor neuropsychological outcomes, with research suggesting that children whose MS is managed conservatively (without surgery) potentially having worse outcomes than their operated peers. However, studies of children whose MS was managed conservatively are scarce. This study therefore examined the cognitive, behavioral, and psychological functioning of children/adults with conservatively managed MS (N = 38) and compares their outcomes to individually matched healthy controls (N = 38) of the same age and sex (matched-pairs design) from the general community. Age-appropriate, validated assessments measuring general cognition, verbal and visuospatial ability, attention and working memory, executive functioning, behavior, depression, anxiety, and satisfaction with appearance were utilized. Group differences were estimated using linear regression for (a) the overall sample and (b) by broad developmental stages: 2&3 yrs; ≥6–≤17. Moderate to large negative effects (g = −0.38 to −1.30) were evident before controlling for socio-economic status (SES), with the MS group performing significantly worse on 8 out of the 10 cognitive domains (general cognition, visuospatial ability, working memory, information processing, executive functioning: semantic & initial letter verbal fluency, switching, inhibition+switching). However, only initial letter verbal fluency (g = −0.99) and switching (g = −1.19) remained significant after adjusting for SES. The MS group displayed more behavioral problems, although this was not significant. Depression, anxiety, and satisfaction with appearance did not differ between the groups. Regular monitoring of cognitive functioning, particularly executive functioning, should be undertaken for those with conservatively managed MS.

Perceived threats of terrorism and helping behavior: the role of dispositional mindfulness in an ethical dilemma

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to curtail the negative effect of job stress on the female teachers’ helping behavior amidst terrorism threat through their dispositional mindfulness.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative research design surveyed a self-administered questionnaire from the female teachers serving in the hard areas of Pakistan. To analyze the data, descriptive and interferential statistics were performed in SPSS (version 23) and SmartPLS3.FindingsThe results revealed the significant positive relationship between teachers’ perceived threats of terrorism and their job stress. The findings also confirmed the significant negative relationship between teachers’ job stress and their helping behavior, and vice-versa. Further, the indirect effect of teachers’ perceived threats of terrorism on helping behavior through their job stress was confirmed. Finally, the moderating effect of dispositional mindfulness to weaken the negative relationship between teachers’ job stress and their helping behavior was also found significant. The results also showed that the job stress of female teachers accounted for 12.9% of variance in their helping behavior.Research limitations/implicationsTo address complex ethical issues, relying solely on a research method cannot provide deep insights. Hence, future scholars are directed to combine elements of quantitative and qualitative research methods to investigate female teachers’ helping behavior in grievous conditions. Notwithstanding, the present study revitalizes educational institutions through teachers’ helping behavior in the risky work environment.Originality/valueSince the past two decades, female education has witnessed exponential growth in terrorist attacks, but there is a scanty research on the vulnerability of female teachers in Pakistan. Nevertheless, the present study is limited yet of the highest importance to foster teachers’ helping behavior in the risky work environment.

Simulation-based education for teaching aggression management skills to health care providers in the acute health care setting: a systematic review protocol

BackgroundClinical aggression episodes, that is aggression and externalising behaviours that create risk, in acute care hospitals are increasing. Acute care staff are often not confident or trained in the management of aggression. Various aggression management training formats have been described in practice including face to face training, written learning resources, web- and media-based training resources, and simulation training. The aim of this systematic review is to assess whether simulation-based training is effective in increasing de-escalation knowledge, skills, and behaviour of staff working in the acute care setting.MethodsWe designed and registered a study protocol for a systematic review of studies evaluating simulation-based training for the management of patients with aggression. We will include randomised controlled trials, non-randomised controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and observational studies including health care professionals and trainees in acute health care settings. Comprehensive searches will be conducted in the following databases (from January 1980 onwards): PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. The reference lists of selected studies, trial registers, and leading journals will also be searched. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. Potential discrepancies will be resolved through discussion. The primary outcomes will include patient outcomes (e.g. frequency of clinical aggression), quality of care (e.g. frequency of emergency situations, physical/chemical/mechanical restraint), and adverse effects (e.g. patient/family complaints, patient harms, staff harms). Secondary outcomes will include workplace resource use, health care provider-related outcomes, knowledge (de-escalation techniques), performance, attitudes, and satisfaction. The study methodological risk of bias will be appraised using appropriate tools. A narrative synthesis will be performed for included studies. If feasible, we will conduct random-effects meta-analysis of data. Additional analyses will be conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity (e.g. participant characteristics, interventions, and follow-up).DiscussionThis systematic review will identify, evaluate, and integrate the evidence on simulation-based training programmes for acute care health professionals on managing clinical aggression. The results of this study will inform the implementation of effective training strategies. Implications for future research will be discussed.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO registration number CRD42020151002

The Modeling of the Flow Behavior Below and Above the Two‐Phase Region for Two Newly Developed Meta‐Stable β Titanium Alloys

Isothermal hot compression tests of two promising new titanium alloys (Ti‐10 V‐1Fe‐3Al and Ti‐10 V‐2Cr‐3Al) are performed using a TA DIL805D deformation dilatometer at temperatures in and above the two‐phase α + β region (730–880 °C) at strain rates ranging from 10−3 to 10−1 s−1. Results show that the flow stress of the two alloys decreases with increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate. Some of the flow curves manifest clear discontinuous yielding and flow softening, both of which are strongly affected by the deformation conditions. The flow stress behavior of these two alloys can be described very well by a hyperbolic–sine Arrhenius equation. When deforming in the α + β phase region, the deformation mechanism is governed by the bending or globularization of the α phase. When deforming in the pure β phase field, the flow behavior is mainly determined by dynamic recovery or recrystallization. The difference in alloy composition has a minor effect on their hot working behavior.

Female Labour Supply in Manipur

This paper analyses the gloomy nature of female labour forces in Manipur despite having proactive contribution and status in socio-political aspects. It offers an econometric analysis using NSSO: Employment and Unemployment Survey unit level data. Besides estimating economic and demographic effects, it also provides an in-depth investigation on the impact of educational level on the working behaviour of women. Our findings suggest that attaining higher education plays an important role in empowering them to work with dignity. It also focuses on social stigma associated with women working for wages.

A General Approach to Describing Fast Relaxation with Regard to Specific Features of Micellar Models

It has been shown that, when passing from the Becker–Doring finite-difference equations to the differential kinetic equation for the function of aggregate distribution over aggregation numbers, the value of the error in the calculation of the times of fast relaxation in a micellar solution is primarily determined by the approximation used for the behavior of the aggregation work in the vicinity of the minimum of the work. The approach developed in this study on the basis of the perturbation theory enables one to take into account the features of a specific micellar model and, in particular, the possible essential asymmetry of the aggregation work in the vicinity of its minimum already in the principal order. The values of some characteristic times of fast relaxation obtained in terms of the proposed approach show a markedly improved accuracy (in the sense of the closeness to “exact” solutions) as compared with recently obtained results at all considered concentrations. This approach is undoubtedly advantageous in the simplicity of its application, universality, and the feasibility to use it for spherical normal and reverse micelles, as well as for cylindrical micelles. Therewith, the complexity of the method is independent of the explicit specification of employed aggregation work and attachment coefficient as functions of aggregation number.

Hot deformation behavior of an extruded AZ31 alloy doped with rare-earth elements

The effect of rare-earth (RE) elements on the hot deformation behavior of an extruded Mg–3 wt% Al–1 wt% Zn (AZ31) alloy was studied. Compression tests were conducted in a temperature range of 250–450 °C and a strain rate of 0.0001–0.1 s−1. Hot working behavior of both AZ31 and Mg–3 wt% Al–1 wt% Zn–1 wt% RE (AZ31–1RE) alloys was analyzed by applying the modified hyperbolic sinus method and calculation of activation energies and stress exponents. The same stress exponent value of ∼5 was found for both alloys. However, the deformation activation energies for AZ31 and AZ31–RE were found to be 136.2 and 110.1 kJ mol−1, respectively, indicating enhanced plasticity at high temperatures for the AZ31–RE alloy. Lattice-diffusion-controlled dislocation climb was proposed as the controlling deformation mechanism for both AZ31 and AZ31–1RE alloys. Processing maps of the AZ31 and AZ31–1RE alloys were developed and the optimum ranges of strain rate and temperature for hot working were determined. According to processing maps, it was revealed that the instability region was reduced in the AZ31–1RE alloy.

Trends in Working and Claiming Behavior at Social Security's Early Eligibility Age by Sex

For this working paper, the author uses a merged internal research file of administrative data from the Social Security Administration to examine men’s working and retired-worker benefit claiming behavior at and around Social Security’s early eligibility age of 62, dis-aggregated by lifetime earnings decile. The author defines various combinations of working and benefit-claiming behavior at or near age 62, for which she presents statistics indicating trends in behavior patterns for men born in the years from 1937 through 1944. This paper follows up ORES Working Paper No. 114, which details the study methodology and presents summary findings on men’s and women’s working and claiming behavior.

Increasing Innovative Working Behaviour of Information Technology Employees in Vietnam by Knowledge Management Approach

Today, Knowledge Management (KM) is becoming a popular approach for improving organizational innovation, but whether encouraging knowledge sharing will lead to a better innovative working behaviour of employees is still a question. This study aims to identify the factors of KM affecting the innovative working behaviour of Information Technology (IT) employees in Vietnam. The research model involves three elements: attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control affecting knowledge sharing, and then, on innovative working behaviour. The research method is the quantitative method. The survey was conducted with 202 samples via the five-scale questionnaire. The analysis results show that knowledge sharing has a positive impact on the innovative working behaviour of IT employees in Vietnam. Besides, attitude and perceived behavioural control are confirmed to have a strong positive effect on knowledge sharing, but the subjective norm has no significant impact on knowledge sharing. Based on this result, recommendations to promote knowledge sharing and the innovative work behaviour of IT employees in Vietnam are made.

Compressive deformation of a metastable β titanium alloy undergoing a stress-induced martensitic transformation: The role of β grain size

Compressive deformation of a metastable β titanium alloy (Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al) with different β grain sizes ranging from 109 μm to 494 μm was systematically investigated by using X-ray diffraction, electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques. As β grain size increases, the triggering stress of stress-induced martensitic transformation (β→α″) in Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al alloys gradually increases, while the amount of α″ martensite decreases, along with the gradual disappearance of double yield behavior in compressive stress-strain curves and three-stage behavior of work hardening rate and exponent. Deformation mechanisms of Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al alloy with different β grain sizes change from stress-induced martensitic transformation at small strains to stress-induced martensitic transformation, together with widening and merging of α″ martensite at large strains. Besides, {111}α″ type I internal twinning and {112}α″ type I deformation twinning are observed at Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al alloy with an average β grain size of 494 μm. During the compressive deformation, β matrix was repeatedly consumed and cut by α″ laths, leading to the formation of nano-sized α″ blocks and β blocks. This dynamic grain refinement contributes to a higher work hardening rate and enhanced compressive mechanical properties in the metastable β titanium alloy.

Magnitude of Role-Breadth Self-Efficacy in Teacher Proactive Work Behaviour

Proactive behaviour at work (PWB) is aimed at bringing about change within the organization, such as by improving work methods, voicing ideas or concerns, and taking action to prevent problems from reoccurring (Strauss & Parker, 2014). PWB can add to organizational effectiveness (Axtell et al., 2000; Griffin et al., 2007; Rank, Pace, & Frese, 2004) and is especially important in school setting when teachers come into contact with students proactively and make them understand what is being taught clearly (Devonport, Biscomb, & Lane, 2010; Sheard & Carbone, 2008). Proactive behaviour in daily work is the quality that teachers must possess in order to make the education system more successful. Strauss (2015) highlighted that, in 21st century teaching and learning practices that emphasis flexibility, innovation and adaptation to changes. School organizations are rapidly looking for competencies and behaviours in teachers who can facilitate and adapt to new educational challenges. Teacher role-breadth self-efficacy (RBSE) is specifically important to meet the current demand in education and help teachers to prepare for future challenges. RBSE is more substantial in academic world today as teachers are expected to take a proactive role to the extent to feel confident and able to carry out broader role that is beyond the traditionally described self-efficacy (Parker, 1998)

Structural identification in long-term deformation characteristic of dam foundation using meta-heuristic optimization techniques

A roller compacted concrete dam (RCCD) located in Cambodia has been gradually deformed over the operation period (2011–2019), and the creep effect of the dam foundation is significant. In order to make integrity and safety assessments of the dam, it is necessary to know the actual mechanical properties of the foundation. This research proposes an intelligent computational framework for analysing the time-dependent working behaviour of the RCCD combined with viscoelastic finite element methods and advanced software techniques. According to the long-term deformation characteristics of the foundation, the Burgers model is employed to describe the constitutive relation of the bedrock. A finite element formulation describes the relationship between dam deformation and mechanical properties in the creep regime. A structural inverse methodology based on improved parallel grey wolf optimization (IGWO) is developed in order to search and identify viscoelastic parameters of the dam foundation. The nonlinear convergence factor strategy and multi-core parallel computing are introduced to enhance global search capability and improve the accuracy of the optimization algorithm. An example of analysis is performed on a dam section, and the results, which are compared with actual measurements for discussion, demonstrate that the selected constitutive model is reasonable and the designed inverse methodology is feasible. Moreover, the proposed IGWO algorithm is very competitive with other state-of-the-art optimization methods such as basic grey wolf optimization (GWO), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and whale optimization algorithm (WOA) for parameter inversion and real-time problems.

Hot deformation behavior and flow stress modeling of Ti–6Al–4V alloy produced via electron beam melting additive manufacturing technology in single β-phase field

The hot working behaviour of additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V pre-forms by Electron Beam Melting (EBM) has been studied at temperatures of 1000–1200 °C and strain rates of 0.001–1 s−1. As a reference, a wrought Ti–6Al–4V alloy was also analyzed as same as the EBM one. In order to investigate the hot working behaviour of these samples, all the data evaluations were carried out step by step, and the stepwise procedure was discussed. No localized strain as a consequence of shear band formation was found in the samples after the hot compression. The flow stress curves of all the samples showed peak stress at low strains, followed by a regime of flow softening with a near-steady-state flow at large strains. Interestingly, it is found that the initial microstructure and porosity content as well as the chemistry of material (e.g. oxygen content) as being possible contributors to the lower level of flow stress that could be beneficial from the industrial point of view. The flow softening mechanism(s) were discussed in detail using the microstructure of the specimens before and after the hot deformation. Dynamic Recrystalization (DRX) could also explain the gentle oscillation in the appearance of the flow softening curves of the EBM samples. Moreover, the hot working analysis indicated that the activation energy for hot deformation of as-built EBM Ti–6Al–4V alloy was calculated as ~193.25 kJ/mol, which was much lower than the wrought alloy (229.34 kJ/mol). These findings can shed lights on a new integration of metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) and thermomechanical processing. It is very interesting to highlight that through this new integration, it would be possible to reduce the forging steps and save more energy and materials with respect to the conventional routes.

Estrategias que complementan la capacitación e-learning en el sector productivo

On-the-job development apprenticeship online training quantitative research. The perspective is pedagogical centered on the worker supported by theories of labor development. Made with a random sample of 326 workers from 5 companies in Coahuila. The objective is the optimization of human, technical and financial resources of the workforce for quality productivity. The administration for the development of the human factor is systematized with surveys via the Internet. The development and satisfaction of employees is manifested in organizational behavior and overall quality of work. The business investment for high productivity and personal satisfaction returns is in training. The objective is to complement the training with administrative tools for worker development. The subtopics are supported by theories of virtual learning that consider the central dimensions of the work that motivate the tasks: variety, identity, value, autonomy and feedback; online learning methodologies. The idea that the task itself is key to motivating administration workers; strategic programming; career prospecting; didactics for adults; operation of programs with internet; evaluation of training in virtual classrooms; redesign "e learning" and evaluation of distance training.

Estimation of the Active Social Network of Street Children in Shiraz (A City of Iran)

: Street children are a hard-to-reach population. Since the direct method is not feasible and has some limitations, we utilized the network scale-up (NSU) as an indirect method. This study was conducted in Shiraz municipalities. Our target population was Iranian boys between 10 to 18 years of age during the years 2014 to 2016. Three trained psychologists conducted face to face interviews with 86 street children (boys) on the streets, through the convenience sampling technique. The social network size of street boys in Shiraz was estimated at 17 persons (ranging from zero to 92 people, mean = 17 ± 17, median = 13). Overall, the network size of the hidden population might be smaller than the general population, due to the stigmatized nature of their behavior and place of work.

Hot working behavior of near alpha titanium alloy analyzed by mechanical testing and processing map

Abstract The hot deformation characteristics of the Ti−5.7Al−2.1Sn−3.9Zr−2Mo−0.1Si (Ti-6242S) alloy with an acicular starting microstructure were analyzed using processing map. The uniaxial hot compression tests were performed at temperatures ranging from 850 to 1000 °C and at strain rates of 0.001−1 s−1. The developed processing map was used to determine the safe and unsafe deformation conditions of the alloy in association with the microstructural evolution by SEM and OM. It was recognized that the flow stress revealed differences in flow softening behavior by deformation at 1000 °C compared to the lower deformation temperatures, which was attributed to microstructural changes. The processing map developed for typical strain of 0.7 in two-phase field exhibited high efficiency value of power dissipation of about 55% at 950 °C and 0.001 s−1, basically due to extensive globularization. An increase in strain rate and a decrease in temperature resulted in a decrease in globularization of α lamellae, while α lamellar kinking increased. Eventually, the instability domain of flow behavior was identified in the temperature range of 850−900 °C and at the strain rate higher than 0.01 s−1 reflecting the flow localization and adiabatic shear banding. By considering the power efficiency domains and the microstructural observations, the deformation in the temperature range of 950−1000 °C and strain rate range of 0.001−0.01 s−1 was desirable leading to high efficiencies. It was realized that (950 °C, 0.001 s−1) was the optimum deformation condition for the alloy.

Современные требования к оценке профессиональных рисков на объектах золотодобычи

Russia is currently in the process of modernizing its legislation, primarily in the areas of occupational safety and health, industrial safety and emergency safety, which concerns the management system for occupational and industrial safety on a state level. The aim of the modernization is to make a transition from the previous inefficient system to the modern one. The old system focuses on health compensation, medical and social assistance to the employees suffering work injuries and occupational risks, while the new system is based on a preventive approach that presupposes continuous improvement of the working conditions, industrial safety enhancement, development of a safe working behavior culture, and creation of a risk-management system. The purpose of the article is to analyze the occupational safety and health management innovations encouraging the employers to implement risk assessment and risk management, and to evaluate the occupational risks in gold mining processes. The authors have examined the modern procedures of risk assessment, evaluated the occupational risks for the gold mines of the Bodaibo district, Irkutsk region, analyzed the risks by two methods and identified high-risk professions. Possible reasons for the incompliance of the physical factors of the gold miners’ working environment with the claimed requirements have been analyzed. The investigated professions are classified as high- and middle-risk ones. The detailed study of the drilling-and-blasting site has concluded that the mechanical hazards caused by the rock fragmentation, dust, or noise are unacceptable. Thus, the priority measures on improving the working conditions should focus on eliminating these adverse factors.

Analysis of the Application of Safety and Health Management System Work Against a Work Behavior and Conditions of the Work Environment in the dr. Harjono General Hospital of Ponorogo

The occurrence of accidents at work is largely caused by human factors (unsafe act), i.e., the behavior that is not secure. And the fraction is caused by environmental factors (unsafe condition). Therefore, to ensure the safety and health of the medical personnel, non-medic personnel nor others who visited the hospital, it takes an effort to minimize the risk of danger that exists, it needs to be applied to the safety management system and Occupational Health Hospital. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of the application of safety and health management system Work Against a work Behavior And environmental conditions of work at the Dr. Harjono General Hospital of Ponorogo. The research design was analytic observational with a quantitative approach. Research on variable i.e. application of the occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS) as the independent variable, the behavior of the working conditions and working environment as the dependent variable. This research population all employees in installations of polyclinics, inpatient care installations, medical record and pharmaceutical installation Dr. Harjono General Hospital of Ponorogo as many as 446 employees. Samples taken with the cluster random sampling technique as much as 258 respondents. Data is collected with instruments ceklist and processed in coding, editing, tabulating and scoring as well as tested with linear regression test. Linear regression results indicate that partially and simultaneously the value of p values there are shows so that 0.05 < influence influence the application of safety and health management system Work Against a work Behavior And Work in environmental conditions at Dr. Harjono General Hospital of Ponorogo. The existence of the application of management system of safety and occupational health will create the most benefits to the maintenance of a good workforce that can be seen from the behavior of the work and the working environment

Dynamics of assertive behavior in the social work students

The article deals with the dynamics of assertive behavior in the Social Work students as assertiveness is one of the most important personal skills needed for the successful interaction between them and their Clients who face a difficult life situation. The characteristics of assertiveness have been theoretically determined paying special attention to the specifics of its manifestations in the interaction between the Social Worker and the Client. On the basis of the conducted empirical study involving Social Work students, analyzed is the dynamics of their assertive behavior based on some of its main components and on their integrity as a personal quality. Considering the research results, justified is the need of including in the educational process specially elaborated programmes with a main focus on the development of assertive behavior.

Rethinking the implementation of enterprise risk management (ERM) as a socio-technical challenge

ERM is currently the risk management approach intended to render an organization more anticipatory and effective in evaluating, embracing, and managing the myriad risks that it may face. Accordingly, ERM has been embraced by a number of large and medium-sized organizations worldwide. However, many of those companies, while they still believe in the concept of ERM, are frustrated by implementation issues that have impeded the expected benefits of ERM.Therefore, this paper develops a theoretical framework that identifies social factors - factors peculiar to organizational structure and roles, human behavior and quality of working within the organization - and technical factors - factors peculiar to the organizational work system which includes technology, policies, rules procedures and related knowledge among other aspects - that are critical to achieving successful ERM implementation from the perspective of ERM as a complex process innovation. More specifically, this research addresses a significant question: What factors are critical to achieving successful ERM implementation? Given the significant disparity between the adoption and actual implementation and use of ERM, this is an important question. Our conceptualization of ERM implementation draws on three theoretical perspectives: the sociotechnical, the mutual adaptation and the dynamic capability perspective to frame our theoretical foundation. Yet, theories of process-based innovation suggest that an array factors combine together in influencing the extent to which complex business processes such as Enterprise risk management are successfully implemented. Our study casts light on the role of particular socio-technical factors that influence the successful implementation of ERM, extends our understanding of ERM beyond its current narrow financial view, and relates ERM implementation more closely to the challenges of management practice.