Abstract

The hot working behaviour of additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V pre-forms by Electron Beam Melting (EBM) has been studied at temperatures of 1000–1200 °C and strain rates of 0.001–1 s−1. As a reference, a wrought Ti–6Al–4V alloy was also analyzed as same as the EBM one. In order to investigate the hot working behaviour of these samples, all the data evaluations were carried out step by step, and the stepwise procedure was discussed. No localized strain as a consequence of shear band formation was found in the samples after the hot compression. The flow stress curves of all the samples showed peak stress at low strains, followed by a regime of flow softening with a near-steady-state flow at large strains. Interestingly, it is found that the initial microstructure and porosity content as well as the chemistry of material (e.g. oxygen content) as being possible contributors to the lower level of flow stress that could be beneficial from the industrial point of view. The flow softening mechanism(s) were discussed in detail using the microstructure of the specimens before and after the hot deformation. Dynamic Recrystalization (DRX) could also explain the gentle oscillation in the appearance of the flow softening curves of the EBM samples. Moreover, the hot working analysis indicated that the activation energy for hot deformation of as-built EBM Ti–6Al–4V alloy was calculated as ~193.25 kJ/mol, which was much lower than the wrought alloy (229.34 kJ/mol). These findings can shed lights on a new integration of metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) and thermomechanical processing. It is very interesting to highlight that through this new integration, it would be possible to reduce the forging steps and save more energy and materials with respect to the conventional routes.

Full Text
Paper version not known

Talk to us

Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have

Schedule a call

Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.