Regular Behavior Research Articles

Josephson junction oscillator embedded in the microcontroller: Pseudo-random number generation and combination synchronization

Dynamical scrutiny of the resistive capacitive inductive shunted Josephson junction (JJ) oscillator (RCLSJJO), microcontroller realization, pseudo-random number generation (PRNG) and combination synchronization are achieved in this paper. Numerical probing led to the establishment that the RCLSJJO is characterized by regular behaviors, bistable periodic-2-oscillations, periodic bursting characteristics and various shapes of chaotic dynamics. Thereafter, the vast dynamical characteristics obtained theoretically are realized by the microcontroller realization with qualitative agreements. Moreover, a chaos-based PRNG is designed by using chaotic RCLSJJO and linear feedback shift register (LFSR) as post-processing unit. Satisfactory results are obtained from the NIST 800–22 test suite and the randomness of binary data generated from the proposed RCLSJJO-based PRNG is confirmed for chaos-based digital applications. Lastly, the combination chaos synchronization of two drive and one response RCLSJJO is proven thanks to the theoretical analysis.

Rational Choice with Status Quo Bias

Status quo bias refers to the psychological tendency of people to maintain existing decisions without making changes. This paper aims to explore the influence of status quo bias on regular financial management and consumption decisions based on existing literature and data and provides relevant suggestions to reduce the impact of Status quo bias. The study focuses on the influence of status quo bias on personal regular financial behavior and consumption choices and analyzes the causes of status quo bias and countermeasures. The result shows that status quo bias affects regular financial management and consumption decisions. People are more likely to stay where they are and ignore better options or opportunities. In regular financial management, they may be reluctant to change investment plans, and in consumption decisions, they prefer to consume now and ignore long-term planning. To cope with the negative impact of status quo bias, the author proposes some coping strategies, such as setting goals and providing information, setting up automated savings plans and using visual tools.

The factors of perceived disease knowledge and self-care behavior in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease: A cross-sectional study.

Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is an important public health issue worldwide, and diabetes mellitus is the main cause of CKD. Having sufficient disease knowledge and good self-care behavior both help to prevent the progression of diabetes mellitus and CKD. This cross-sectional study enrolled 181 type 2 diabetic patients with CKD from July 2017 to October 2017. Perceived Kidney Knowledge survey and structured questionnaires of self-care behavior were used to measure perceived disease knowledge and CKD Self-Care (CKDSC) scales respectively with the determinants analyzed by linear regression. Meanwhile, socio-demographic information, kidney function and laboratory data were collected. Of 181 enrolled patients, the mean age was 66.8 ± 9.7 years, 59.1% were male and the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 33.1 ± 23.1 mL/min/1.73 m2. The mean scores of CKDSC and perceived disease knowledge were 63.2 and 22.4, respectively. High scores of disease knowledge were significantly correlated with low glycated hemoglobin (P = .03) and high scores of overall self-care behavior (P = .03) and aspects of self-care behavior, including diet (P = .003), exercise (P = .02), and home blood pressure monitoring (P = .04). The relationship between young age and high scores of disease knowledge was found (P = .001); however, old age was significantly associated with high scores of overall self-care behavior (P < .001) while additionally, married patients had high scores of regular medication behavior (P = .03). Our findings identified the significant factors correlated with disease knowledge and self-care behavior in type 2 diabetic patients with CKD. Healthcare givers should establish personalized health education plans to improve perceived disease knowledge and self-care behavior.

Measuring the Self-Efficacy of Health Professionals in Hand Hygiene and Glove Usage during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Brazilian Multicenter Observational Survey

In social cognitive theory, self-efficacy refers to the belief of a person in their own capacity to successfully perform certain tasks or behaviors. This study measured the self-efficacy of health professionals in hand hygiene (HH) and glove usage (GU) during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was an observational Brazilian multicenter study with a cross-sectional design with an online application of an instrument measuring the self-efficacy of health professionals in HH and GU. Health professionals (n = 193) participated in this study: 96 (49.7%) were nursing professionals, 38 (20.2%) were dental professionals, 21 (10.9%) were physicians, 10 (5.2%) were pharmacists, and 27 (14.0%) were other health professionals. Regarding the instrument applied, the maximum score (100 points) was achieved by 167 (86.5%) participants on Question 2 (confidence in regular routine behaviors), and the lowest scores achieved were 0, 10, 30, 40, and 50 points, referring to 18 (9.3%) participants, on Question 14 (the influence of management’s conduct related to practices). A total of 64.1% dental professionals, 57.1% of physicians, 39.6% of nurses, 20.0% of pharmacists, and 55.6% of other health professionals were classified as having self-efficacy. There was only a significant association between being a dental professional and having self-efficacy regarding HH and GU during the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to other health professional categories.

Quantum memory and entanglement dynamics induced by interactions of two moving atoms with a coherent cavity

This study explores the dynamics of atomic entanglement of formation and entropic uncertainty relation (EUR) of two moving atoms interacting with an even coherent cavity during a two-photon interaction. We investigate the impact of the initial even coherent amplitude, the atom–photon coupling strengths, and the atomic motion coupling on the dynamics of quantum memory (QM) entropic uncertainty and entanglement. The dynamics of the entropic uncertainty and entanglement of formation are significantly altered by the atom-photon-atom interaction parameters. By increasing the initial mean photon number, the QM entropic uncertainty and the atomic entanglement can be improved. Bob’s capacity to limit his uncertainty regarding Alice’s measurement results depends on the initial even coherent state, the atom–photon couplings, and the atomic motion parameter. The atomic location couplings produce QM entropic uncertainty and entanglement with regular oscillatory behavior. The system parameters control the sudden death-birth entanglement phenomenon, which is improved by increasing the atomic location coupling.

Unveiling the Magnetic and Structural Properties of (X2YZ; X = Co and Ni, Y = Fe and Mn, and Z = Si) Full-Heusler Alloy Microwires with Fixed Geometrical Parameters

We studied Ni2FeSi-, Co2FeSi-, and Co2MnSi-based full-Heusler alloy glass-coated microwires with the same geometric parameters, i.e., fixed nucleus and total diameters, prepared using the Taylor–Ulitovsky method. The fabrication of X2YZ (X = Co and Ni, Y = Fe and Mn, and Z = Si)-based glass-coated microwires with fixed geometric parameters is quite challenging due to the different sample preparation conditions. The XRD analysis showed a nanocrystalline microstructure for all the samples. The space groups Fm3¯m (FCC) and Im3¯m (BCC) with disordered B2 and A2 types are observed for Ni2FeSi and Co2FeSi, respectively. Meanwhile, a well-defined, ordered L21 type was observed for Co2MnSi GCMWs. The change in the positions of Ni, Co and Mn, Fe in X2YSi resulted in a variation in the lattice cell parameters and average grain size of the sample. The room-temperature magnetic behavior showed a dramatic change depending on the chemical composition, where Ni2FeSi MWs showed the highest coercivity (Hc) compared to Co2FeSi and Co2MnSi MWs. The Hc value of Ni2FeSi MWs was 16 times higher than that of Co2MnSi MWs and 3 times higher than that of Co2FeSi MWs. Meanwhile, the highest reduced remanence was reported for Co2FeSi MWs (Mr = 0.92), being about 0.82 and 0.22 for Ni2FeSi and Co2MnSi MWs, respectively. From the analysis of the temperature dependence of the magnetic properties (Hc and Mr) of X2YZ MWs, we deduced that the Hc showed a stable tendency for Co2MnSi and Co2FeSi MWs. Meanwhile, two flipped points were observed for Ni2FeSi MWs, where the behavior of Hc changed with temperature. For Mr, a monotonic increase on decreasing the temperature was observed for Co2FeSi and Ni2FeSi MWs, and it remained roughly stable for Co2MnSi MWs. The thermomagnetic curves at low magnetic field showed irreversible magnetic behavior for Co2MnSi and Co2FeSi MWs and regular ferromagnetic behavior for Ni2FeSi MWs. The current result illustrates the ability to tailor the structure and magnetic behavior of X2YZ MWs at fixed geometric parameters. Additionally, a different behavior was revealed in X2YZ MWs depending on the degree of ordering and element distribution. The tunability of the magnetic properties of X2YZ MWs makes them suitable for sensing applications.

Assessment of malaria prevention knowledge, attitude, and practice and associated factors among households living in rural malaria-endemic areas in the Afar Pastoral Region of Ethiopia.

Malaria morbidity has reduced significantly in most regions of Ethiopia, but it is still a serious issue in the northeast, particularly in the Afar region. The study aimed to evaluate household heads' knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward malaria prevention and its associated factors in rural Ada'ar woreda district in the Afar region. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 households living in Ada'ar woreda district. A systematic sampling technique was used to select households. A pre-tested, structured questionnaire was used to interview randomly selected adult household heads. Frequency and percentage were computed. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between independent and dependent variables. Statistical significance was considered to be a p-value <0.05. Nearly two-thirds (64.2%) of household heads had good knowledge of malaria prevention, and 46.9% had a positive attitude toward it. About 17.3 and 56.9% of study participants had good malaria prevention practices and good healthcare seeking behaviors, respectively. Illiterate (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.49-4.63) and low-income (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.2-5.6) participants were more likely to have poor knowledge of malaria prevention (malaria signs and symptoms, malaria transmissions, and malaria prevention methods). Married participants (AOR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.02-6.29) and illiterates (AOR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.69-4.73) had negative attitudes toward malaria prevention. Household heads with poor knowledge of malaria prevention had 85% higher rates of practicing poor malaria prevention methods (regular bed nets used; AOR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.2-2.8). Young adults (18-25 years) were more likely to have poor healthcare seeking behaviors (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.73-7.1), while pastoralists had a lower likelihood (AOR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.28-0.8). Knowledge, attitude, and practices toward malaria prevention remain a problem in malaria-endemic rural areas of the Afar region of Ethiopia. There is a need for the implementation of interventions that will focus on increasing knowledge of malaria prevention and encouraging positive attitudes toward it, as well as promoting regular bed net usage and healthcare seeking behaviors.

Регулярна та складна поведінка маятникової системи у магнітному полі

This paper considers the dynamics of an oscillatory dissipative system of two coupled pendulums in a magnetic field. The pendulums are coupled via an elastic element. The inertial components of the pendulums vary over a wide range, and in the analytical study the mass ratio is chosen as a small parameter. The magnetic forces are calculated using the Pade approximation, which best agrees with the experiment. This approximation describes the magnetic excitation to good accuracy. The presence of external inputs in the form of magnetic forces and various types of loads that exist in many engineering systems significantly complicates the mode shape analysis of nonlinear system. Nonlinear normal modes of this system are studied, one mode being coupled and the other being local. The modes are constructed by the multiple-scale method. Both regular and compound behavior is studied as a function of the system parameters: the pendulum mass ratio, the coupling coefficient, the magnetic intensity coefficient, and the distance between the axis of rotation and the center of gravity. The effect of these parameters is studied both at small and at sizeable initial pendulum inclination angles. The analytical solution is compared with the results of a numerical simulation based on the fourth-order Runge?Kutta method where the modes are calculated using the initial values of the variables found in the analytical solution. The numerical simulation, which includes the construction of phase diagrams and trajectories in the configuration space, allows one to assess the dynamics of the system, which may be both regular and compound. The stability of the coupled mode is studied using a numerical-analytical test, which is an implementation of the Lyapunov stability criterion. In doing so, the stability of a mode is determined by assessing the vertical off-trajectory deviation of the mode in the configuration space.

Investigation of the glass forming regularity and thermal behavior of lead-free V2O5-TeO2-RO (R = Ca, Sr, Ba) low temperature sealing glass for electronics packaging

Lead-free V2O5-TeO2 glass systems are promising new sealant materials for electronics vacuum packaging, with low-melting temperature and unique light absorption. The glass forming regularity, structure and corresponding properties of the V2O5-TeO2-RO (R=Ca, Sr, Ba) glass system are systematically studied and analyzed in this paper. The results show that there is a wide glass forming region for the V2O5-TeO2-RO glass system, and with the increase of TeO2/V2O5 molar ratio, the thermal stability of V2O5-TeO2-SrO glass with the RO content of 20 mol% increases and the coefficient of thermal expansion increase from 11.2 to 15.86 × 10–6/°C due to transformation process of glass network structure from the [VO4] to transition state [TeO3 + 1] and [TeO3] group. The higher initial crystallization temperature of 40 mol%V2O5-40 mol%TeO2-20 mol%SrO glass is conducive to the flow of the glass slurry during the sealing process, obtaining a sealing device with good airtightness at extremely low temperatures of 350 °C.

On the propagation of regularity for solutions of the Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation

In this paper, we focus on the Zakharov–Kuznetsov (ZK) equation in the [Formula: see text]-dimensional setting with [Formula: see text] and investigate its smoothness properties. We extend the well-known regularity propagation phenomenon observed in the 2D and 3D cases, where the regularity of the initial data on certain half-spaces propagates with infinite speed, to the case where the regularity of the initial data is measured on a fractional scale. To achieve this, we introduce new localization formulas that enable us to describe the regularity of the solution on a specific class of subsets in Euclidean space. This work provides insights into the regularity behavior of solutions of the ZK equation in higher dimensions and with more general initial data.

Synchronous Impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI( Poles on Temperature and Rain Over Iraq

Background: This study is an attempt to analyze the correlation of the impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation( NAO )and Southern Oscillation Index( SOI ) on the climate of Iraq. Method: This has been conducted based on the highest and lowest recorded values of the mentioned oscillations. The values of temperature and rain for the stations of Mosul, Baghdad, Rutba, Basrah and for a major climatic cycle from 1950-2018 were also relied upon. On the statistical analytical approach to find the correlation relationship between the studied oscillations and depending on the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Results: The results brought to light that there is a strong and statistically significant correlation between the oscillations. The time series of oscillations were also analyzed during the fall season, due to the absence of a single effect of oscillations on the studied elements. Therefore, the analysis of the simultaneous behavior of oscillations on the climatic elements during the autumn was relied upon. In the meantime, four cases of simultaneous behavior for selected years of the study were found, recording the highest oscillations’ values. Such four cases were compared with the values of the elements for those years. Conclusion: It became clear from the four cases that there are two cases that show a regular behavior of the influence, as it became clear when the poles are NAO +, SOI - and vice versa that the climatic elements are affected more clearly with the oscillation's indicators and that the climate of Iraq has become more affected by the oscillations.

The Social Support Theory as a Predictor of Sleep Hygiene Behaviors Among Older Adults

Background: Aging is associated with several health concerns, including sleep problems. Hence, the current study was conducted to determine the factors related to the performance of sleep hygiene behaviors among the elderly in Malair based on the social support theory. Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study were collected from 298 older adults who referred to comprehensive health centers in Malair, Iran, in 2022. Participants were selected by multi-stage random sampling method. Data collection tools included demographic information, social support theory, and sleep hygiene behaviors questionnaires. Data were then analyzed by SPSS software version 18 using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and linear regression. Results: According to the findings, among sleep hygiene behaviors, light and sound control behaviors to the minimum possible extent during sleep time (71.1%) and proper bedroom temperature control (68.5%) had the highest frequency. Furthermore, regular exercise behaviors such as walking outside homes in the evenings (16.4%) and examining the effect of drugs on sleep (24.8%) were the least frequent performance by the elderly. The results of linear regression analysis showed that instrumental support (β=0.297), informational support (β=0.224), and emotional support (β=0.15) are the best predictors of performing sleep hygiene behaviors. Moreover, the constructs of social support theory explained a 44.2% variance in sleep hygiene behaviors of the elderly. Conclusion: Considering the unfavorable level of some sleep hygiene behaviors among the elderly, it seems necessary to emphasize the importance of performing sleep hygiene behaviors. It is also suggested to pay attention to instrumental, informational, and emotional support when designing educational programs to increase the amount of the performance of these behaviors.

Aerodynamic loads on groups of offshore wind turbine towers stored on quaysides during the pre-assembly phase

Offshore wind turbine towers are pre-assembled and temporarily held in close proximity to each other in group arrangements on port quaysides during which time they are highly sensitive to wind action. Accurate estimates of the aerodynamic loads on the individual towers and on the overall group are therefore essential for the safe and economic design of the quayside’s supporting structures and foundations. Given the many possible group configurations, the key role played by wind direction and the limited literature on this topic, wind tunnel tests represent the main way to address this issue. The problem is that such tests tend to lead to overconservative designs due to inevitable mismatches in the Reynolds number, which is typically subcritical in experiments and transcritical at full scale. This crucial issue is dealt with here using an original engineering solution based on concentrated but discontinuous surface roughness, which allows the satisfactory simulation of the mean loads occurring at high Reynolds number. This case study assumes slender wind turbine towers with a height of 115 m, and for the sake of generality, the investigations focus principally on a cylindrical shape rather than the more complex real-world geometry. The constant diameter of the towers is determined based on the theoretical equivalence of the mean overturning moment. The rationality of this procedure is verified a posteriori using a set of measurements on the real-shape towers. The experiments show a regular behavior of the maximum mean base shear force and moment for towers arranged in double-row groups, while the results are more complicated for the heavily loaded single-row groups; indeed, despite the simulated transcritical regime and the turbulent wind profile, biased flow sometimes occurs in symmetric or nearly-symmetric configurations. Dynamic loads are also inspected, and gust factors in good agreement with Eurocode 1 prescriptions are found. Several parametric studies are carried out, the most extensive of which is devoted to assessing the role of tower height. A complicated non-monotonic pattern of the load coefficients with the tower height is encountered; therefore, the use of simple correction coefficients for practical design purposes must be handled with care. Moreover, the analysis reveals end-effect factors non-negligibly higher than those suggested by Eurocode 1 and ESDU 80025.

Constrained large solutions to Leray's problem in a distorted strip with the Navier-slip boundary condition

In this paper, we solve the Leray's problem for the stationary Navier-Stokes system in a 2D infinite distorted strip with the Navier-slip boundary condition. The existence, uniqueness, regularity and asymptotic behavior of the solution are investigated. Moreover, we discuss how the friction coefficient affects the well-posedness of the solution. Due to the validity of the Korn's inequality, all constants in each a priori estimate are independent of the friction coefficient. Thus our method is also valid for the total-slip and no-slip cases. The main novelty is that the total flux of the velocity can be relatively large (proportional to the slip length) when the friction coefficient of the Navier-slip boundary condition is small, which is essentially different from the 3D case.

#sleepingbaby on Instagram: Nonadherence of images to safe sleeping advice and implications for prevention of Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy.

Safe sleep of infants is important to reduce the risk of Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI). The depiction of infant care behavior which is inconsistent with the safe sleep recommendations on social media has an impact on parental infant care thoughts, norms and behaviors. This study aims to determine the adherence of Instagram images to the Dutch safe sleeping advice. A systematic social media analysis on Instagram was performed using 22 hashtags and 9 accounts of Dutch companies or platforms related to infants. Images of sleeping infants were analyzed on consistency with the criteria: supine sleeping position, own cot or crib, sleep sack, and an empty bed. Based on 514 collected images, 5.9% was consistent with sleep sack use, 16.8% with an empty bed, 30.7% with an own cot or crib, and 67.5% with the supine sleeping position. For 311 images (60.5%), all four criteria could be rated, as for the others, at least one criterion was not clearly depicted. Only 6 of these images (1.9%) were consistent with all four criteria. Although Instagram images are probably not representative of regular infant care behavior, the exposure to these images that are mostly inconsistent with the safe sleep advice can contribute to the formation of norms, and therefore influence parental care behavior. Accurate communication of the safe sleep recommendations through social media is needed, and opportunities are described for preventive health professionals to engage more in this communication with their public.

Study of the effect of active pharmaceutical ingredients of various classes of BCS on the parameters of thermosensitive systems based on poloxamers

IntroductionThe development of thermosensitive in situ systems has become widespread and prospective due to the optimal parameters of the phase transition - in the temperature range from room to physiological. Those properties can provide thermosensitive polymers, for example, poloxamers - as the most common.It is worth noting that the addition of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) changes the parameters of in situ systems, but no systematic study of the effect of APIs has been conducted. The aim of this work was to develop a systematic approach to studying the effect of APIs on the in situ rheological properties of poloxamer compositions. Materials and methodsThe biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) was chosen as the basis. Accordingly, the following APIs were selected for the experiment: BCS class I - lidocaine hydrochloride and ketorolac tromethamine, class II - ibuprofen and diclofenac, class III - pyridoxine hydrochloride and ribavirin, class IV - furosemide and abiraterone. To create thermoreversible compositions, previously studied for stability combinations of poloxamer 407, poloxamer 188 and PEG 1500 were used.At the stage of preparation of experimental samples formulations with APIs of classes II and IV of BCS were excluded, since the solubilizing ability of poloxamers is not enough to obtain stable combined complexes. ResultsIn the course of the work, the following results were obtained: BCS class I APIs significantly reduced the phase transition temperature of the matrix of poloxamers 407 and 188, while the addition of PEG 1500 eliminated the effect of APIs on gels; BCS class III APIs practically did not affect the rheological properties of the studied combinations; the phase transition temperature of the gel based on poloxamer 407 did not change with the addition of Class I and Class III APIs.Nevertheless, the obtained results made it possible to reveal the regular behavior of in situ complexes of poloxamer matrices depending on the class of BCS of the API. Further research is required.

Bullying as a social phenomenon in the modern world

Тhe article discusses approaches to the interpretation and the content of bullying, defines its types and distinguishes the forms of direct and indirect bullying. A comparative analysis of the results of domestic and foreign studies has revealed the spread scale of the bullying phenomenon in modern society, which causes the development of destructive socialization processes. It is emphasized that regular aggressive behavior towards one or a group of persons is a global problem, that is common for all countries of the world. The authors focus on the phenomenon of bullying in the socio-demographic groups of children and youth, which are among the most vulnerable in terms of socialization processes. At the same time, the consequences of bullying for its participants may be not only the deterioration of the physical and mental health of the younger generation, but also a lower socio-economic status in the stratification structure of society. In conclusion, the article concludes that in modern conditions it is necessary to actively develop and implement relevant initiatives of social institutions, which can serve as the basis for the formation of a legislative framework and state programs for the prevention and counteraction of bullying. Consequently, such initiatives will contribute to the formation of a healthy generation.

Renitent lines

There are many examples for point sets in finite geometry which behave “almost regularly” in some (well-defined) sense, for instance they have “almost regular” line-intersection numbers. In this paper we investigate point sets of a desarguesian affine plane, for which there exist some (sometimes: many) parallel classes of lines, such that almost all lines of one parallel class intersect our set in the same number of points (possibly mod p, the characteristic). The lines with exceptional intersection numbers are called renitent, and we prove results on the (regular) behavior of these renitent lines. As a consequence of our results, we also prove geometric properties of codewords of the Fp-linear code generated by characteristic vectors of lines of PG(2,q).

Second‐order difference scheme for the time fractional mixed diffusion‐wave equation with initial weak regularity

An L1‐type difference scheme on graded meshes for time fractional mixed diffusion‐wave equation with two Caputo derivatives of fractional order and is established and analyzed. In particular, the solution of governing equation typically exhibits a weak regular behavior at an initial time. A fully discrete numerical scheme based on finite difference method is proposed and detailed theoretical analysis for the scheme is also investigated. The novelty of this paper is to show that the L1‐type difference scheme for the model problem under consideration is temporal second‐order accurate over graded meshes. Numerical tests are presented to support our theoretical results.

Barriers in older adults’ decision-making process to use routine eye examinations in Hong Kong

ABSTRACT Clinical relevance The decision to have a routine eye examination involves individual- and service-level judgement. A deeper understanding of patient access barriers and expectations could facilitate the design of better-aligned service models in optometric practice, improving the utilisation rate of an important facet of primary healthcare services. Background Routine eye examinations achieve several health objectives, including mitigation of sight-threatening risk factors. However, there are barriers to service uptake. Through the qualitative approach, a deeper understanding of these barriers can be realised and enhanced strategies designed to improve the uptake of the routine eye examination. A qualitative study was conducted to identify the factors influencing the decision-making process of older adults to use the routine eye examination service. Methods This study was guided by the grounded theory approach. Participants were purposively recruited from six community elderly centres. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or above in Hong Kong. Data were transcribed and constant comparison techniques were used for data analysis. Results Difficulty in prioritising and including the routine eye examination in the existing health service utilisation was the central theme associated with its lower use. Four sub-themes were identified to explain this phenomenon: (1) previous health care service utilisation as a reference for judging primary eye care; (2) low perceived primary eye care service needs; (3) low perceived self-efficacy on routine eye care utilisation; (4) service expectations. Conclusion Multiple modifiable factors influence decision-making by older adults, suggesting that their routine eye care seeking behaviour might be altered through behaviour change intervention. The context in which services are delivered requires further study, with a focus on exploring the factors influencing service experience and its subsequent impact on regular eye care seeking behaviour.