Synchronous Impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI( Poles on Temperature and Rain Over Iraq

Abstract

Background: This study is an attempt to analyze the correlation of the impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation( NAO )and Southern Oscillation Index( SOI ) on the climate of Iraq. Method: This has been conducted based on the highest and lowest recorded values of the mentioned oscillations. The values of temperature and rain for the stations of Mosul, Baghdad, Rutba, Basrah and for a major climatic cycle from 1950-2018 were also relied upon. On the statistical analytical approach to find the correlation relationship between the studied oscillations and depending on the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Results: The results brought to light that there is a strong and statistically significant correlation between the oscillations. The time series of oscillations were also analyzed during the fall season, due to the absence of a single effect of oscillations on the studied elements. Therefore, the analysis of the simultaneous behavior of oscillations on the climatic elements during the autumn was relied upon. In the meantime, four cases of simultaneous behavior for selected years of the study were found, recording the highest oscillations’ values. Such four cases were compared with the values of the elements for those years. Conclusion: It became clear from the four cases that there are two cases that show a regular behavior of the influence, as it became clear when the poles are NAO +, SOI - and vice versa that the climatic elements are affected more clearly with the oscillation's indicators and that the climate of Iraq has become more affected by the oscillations.