Passenger Behavior Research Articles

Архитектура системы сбора данных с датчиков контроля поведения пассажира авиационного транспортно-логистического узла

Purpose: The issues of increasing the efficiency of passengers’ ground service in airborne-transport logistic junctions are considered. Ground service processes are predictable from the point of transport system theory and are normalized using time-schedule theory tools. Actions or inaction in the service processes of a passenger as a process participant introduce an accidental element into transport system. Managing passenger’s initiative does not affect the predictability of the end time of ground service operations. The article proposes the description of the processes of logistic junction production activity as well as the role of passenger’s behavior in ground service. Directions for the study of passenger behavior cognitive model in the frames of air-terminal structural-flowing scheme are proposed. The paper proposes predictive analytics system in the form of telematics which collects data on passenger factual behavior in airport functional areas. As a proposal to improve junction operation efficiency it is proposed to introduce passenger behavior models for the prediction of time ending of passenger ground service processes and for - at the expense of data evaluation algorithms - constituting operation process continuation. Methods: System general theory, cognitive transport system theory. Results: The architecture of the system for data collection from transducers for passenger behavior monitoring at air terminal on the process of ground service in airborne-transport logistic junction was developed; structural-logical scheme of negative scenario occurrence, that’s negative one from the point of event regularity, is given. Practical significance: Passenger ground service process optimization of airborne transport logistic junction.

Государственное управление в области обеспечения благоприятной информационной среды в общественном транспорте

Purpose: To consider the problem of favorable information environment provision in public transport, to pursue the analysis of the results of opinion poll. organized by various subjects of social monitoring. To analyze the proposed initiatives in the field of solving the issues of rules regulation on passenger behavior on the use of audio and video broadcasting devices in public transport, including the issues related to the use of ndividualization means of media signal consumption - headphones. Methods: Content analysis of the texts, placed in publicly available sources, of proposed initiatives to solve the problem on the regulation of public relations in this sphere, as well as of the arguments of supporters and opponents of such initiatives. The secondary analysis of public opinion poll results. Results: For the first time, there is formulated the ecological level of the problem of media noise pollution of informational environment of public transport, and integrated approach to settle it via means, methods and hygienic regulation principles application is proposed, as well as there’s formulated the usage of all of the potential of informal social monitoring, including the advocacy of media consumption healthy way, of social advertisements, aimed at the formation of inner belief and behavior ethical principles in public transport. Practical significance: Provision principles for favorable informational environment as the most important task of public administration in the sphere of handling public relations in public transport have been developed. The insufficiency of regulation of audio and video signal broadcasting practices in public spaces, preconditioning their negative impact on human health and well-being, is shown. The ways to settle this problem are proposed with the help of standardization and rationing of the functioning of physical quantities, which are the subject for measurement, namely, of informational signal effects and parameters.

Metro Network Operational Solutions for Connectivity Control based on Percolation Theory

Recent studies have applied the percolation theory to analyze the connectivity of networks in the transportation field. However, research was conducted in a manner that completely removed the function of nodes or links. There was a limit in that applying public transportation was difficult to guarantee the right to move the captive rider. In this study, penalties were imposed on public transportation nodes in the form of wait times to remove the function of node partially. Accordingly, the travel time of a network was calculated by optimal strategy assignment to reflect passenger behavior. When nodes were randomly penalized without transfer distinctions, there was a critical point of travel-time increase between cases with penalties of 50 and 60 nodes, respectively, and percolation was observed indirectly. A large and global effect of increased travel time was observed when the penalties were issued only to transfer stations. The application of a trip frequency weight increases the effect of penalties on medium- or short-timed trips. The results of this study can be used to establish quarantine policies for controlling public transportation networks. Furthermore, it is the first attempt at observing percolation by partially limiting its function in the form of node penalties in a public transportation network.

Planning of integrated mobility-on-demand and urban transit networks

We envision a multimodal transportation system where Mobility-on-Demand (MoD) service is used to serve the first mile and last mile of transit trips. For this purpose, the current research formulates an optimization model for designing an integrated MoD and urban transit system. The proposed model is a mixed-integer non-linear programming model that captures the strategic behavior of passengers in a multimodal network through a passenger assignment model. It determines which transit routes to operate, the frequency of the operating routes, the fleet size of vehicles required in each transportation analysis zone to serve the demand, and the passenger flow on both road and transit networks. A Benders decomposition approach with several enhancements is proposed to solve the given optimization program. Computational experiments are presented for the Sioux Falls multimodal network. The results show a significant improvement in the congestion in the city center with the introduction and optimization of an integrated transportation system. The proposed design allocates more vehicles to the outskirt zones in the network (to serve the first mile and last mile of transit trips) and more frequency to the transit routes in the city center. The integrated system significantly improves the share of transit passengers and their level of service in comparison to the base optimized transit system. The sensitivity analysis of the bus and vehicle fleet shows that increasing the number of buses has more impact on improving the level of service of passengers compared to increasing the number of MoD vehicles. Finally, we provide managerial insights for deploying such multimodal service.

Correlation between Land Use Pattern and Urban Rail Ridership Based on Bicycle-Sharing Trajectory

As a form of rapid mass transportation, urban rail systems have always been widely used to alleviate urban traffic congestion and reconstruct urban structures. Land use characteristics are indispensable to this system and correlate with urban ridership. Dock-less bicycle-sharing expands the station service coverage range because it integrates public transportation with an urban rail system to create a convenient travel model. Consequently, the land use pattern with dock-less bicycle-sharing is associated with urban rail ridership. This paper measures the correlation between land use and urban rail ridership based on the trajectory of dock-less bicycle-sharing, which precisely reflects the travel behavior of passengers along the trip chain. The specific relationship has been determined using the random forest model. This paper found that the land use pattern could better explain the egress ridership during morning peak hours. In particular, it could explain 48.46% of the urban rail ridership in terms of egress, but the explicability for the ingress ridership slightly decreased to 36.88%. This suggests that the land use pattern is related to urban rail ridership. However, the impact situation varies, so we should understand this relationship with greater care.

Masks and air rage: a qualitative content analysis using an interaction ritual framework.

During the pandemic, there was an alarming escalation in reports of air rage in the United States. Prior to the pandemic, the yearly average of unruly airline passenger behaviors was around 100 incidents per year. However, after mask mandates were issued, 5981 unruly passenger incidents in the United States were reported by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in 2021 alone. Therefore, we conducted a qualitative content analysis pertaining to mask-related incidents of air rage, to learn more about this recent social problem. We also applied an interaction ritual (IR) framework to the results of our analysis, to provide sociological insight concerning this issue. The goal of our exploratory research is to understand what it is about masks that cause certain groups of people to lash out violently while on airplanes. To date, little or no scholarly efforts have researched incidents of air rage in relation to masks. Therefore, our research provides a contribution by updating the literature on this topic.

Evaluation of Passenger Behavior in the Baggage Claim Area of the Airport Passenger Terminal

The importance of the baggage claim area as the gateway to the city is extremely high. Therefore, the initial impression of the quality of services provided at the destination airport is based on this area. In this research, an agent-based and discrete event approach using five parameters (speed and traffic of passengers, speed and arrangement of carousels, and air traffic) was applied in order to simulate passenger flow in the baggage claim area of Imam Khomeini International Airport, Tehran, Iran. In this regard, forty-eight scenarios were identified and simulated using AnyLogic software, and the waiting time and level of service for each scenario were obtained. Finally, it was revealed that changing the arrangement of the carousels from T-shaped to oval-shaped and expansion of the circumference by 10% had the greatest effect. Also, changing the speed of the carousels had the least influence on increasing the level of service and reducing waiting time.

Analyzing the Effect of Crowds on Passenger Behavior Inside Urban Trains through Laboratory Experiments—A Pilot Study

The objective is to study the distribution of passengers inside urban trains for different levels of crowding. The study is carried out through the observation of videos made by laboratory experiments in which a mock-up of a carriage represented the boarding and alighting process. The Fruin’s Level of Service (LOS) was adopted, but with a different approach, in which the train is divided into five zones (central hall, central aisle, side aisle, central seats and side seats). The experiments are based on the behavior of passengers in the London Underground; however, this study could be expanded to any conventional rail or LRT system. For the laboratory experiments, it is proposed to build a metro carriage and a corresponding platform section, and the scenarios will include different levels of crowding of passengers boarding and alighting to produce a variation in the density on the platform. According to the crowding level, the results allow obtaining the distribution and movements generated by passengers in the five zones for different instants of time during the process of boarding and alighting. It is observed that passengers are distributed according to safety and efficiency conditions. For example, passengers tried to avoid contact with each other unless it is inevitable. In relation to comfort, the seats of the carriage are always used even if there is a low level of crowding. If the crowding level increases, the boarding and alighting time go up. In addition, passengers will spend one or two seconds more if the “let’s get off before getting on the carriage” behavior is breached. This kind of experiment can be used in further research as a way to test “what-if” scenarios using this new method of discretization of the space inside the train, which cannot be tested in existing stations due to restrictions such as the weather, variability of the train frequency, current design of the trains, among others. New experiments are necessary for future research to include other types of passengers such as people with disabilities or reduced mobility.

A novel method for the risk assessment of human evacuation from cruise ships in maritime transportation

In maritime transport, evacuation, escape and rescue play a crucial role in protecting people's lives when a passenger ship is involved in a serious accident. The study aims to develop a new method to identify hazards, quantify and rank the associated risks in the process of Human Evacuation from Passenger Ships (HEPS). Firstly, based on extensive literature review and marine accident investigation reports, the risk factors affecting passenger ship evacuation were analysed and identified, and an analysis framework based on Human, Ship, Environment and Organization (HSEO) for HEPS was proposed. Secondly, a risk assessment model was proposed to quantify and rank risk factors in the process of HEPS. Finally, a large-scale evacuation drill of a cruise ship was taken as a case study to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed evaluation model, and accuracy of the results. The results reveal that (1) evacuation decision, operation of Life-Saving Appliances (LSAs) are the main risks affecting the safety of HEPS; (2) the behaviours of passengers have a relatively lower risk priority; and (3) future HEPS research should focus on the development of a multi-attribute decision system to address the issue on when to evacuate and when to abandon a ship.

RESEARCH OF CHANGES IN TRANSPORT MOBILITY OF THE POPULATION DURING THE PANDEMIC

The restrictive measures taken in response to the COVІD-19 pandemic have caused a sudden mass change in the behavior of people around the world regarding travel. Its long-term changes in how we use transport can be made. Accordingly, the authorities responsible for the organization of traffic should begin to respond to these changes before new habits of a move of passengers are formed. To detect changes in passenger behavior in 2021, data collection was conducted through of which it is possible to find out how in each geographical region the frequency of visits to places such as grocery stores, parks, museums, libraries, cinemas, markets, places of work, etc. That information was collected from users who included a history of locations on their smartphones. Data for analysis was presented by Google for free access. The analysis of these empirical data provides a quantitative assessment of the huge malfunction in passenger trips. Which is characterized by the significant reduction in the frequency of travel by public transport due to the most likely spread of the virus. In many countries, the fear of people getting infected encourages them to abandon public transport in favor of modes of transport that provide minimal contact with other people. Since the analysis of statistical information from Google received from mobile phones gives a general picture and doesn't allow to study motivation of people concerning their travel and choice of transport this research carried out a remote survey of the population by means of modern methods of questioning, such as Google forms. According to the results of this survey, it was found that in Ukraine most students and pupils have moved to a remote form of study. Also, from the survey, it is evident that the majority of people did not stop using public transport several times a day, while the use of individual transport also increased. In third place traditionally, people walk. Also answers to questions about the cost and time of travel indicate their increase, which also indicates deterioration of transport service of the population at increased cost. Keywords: questionnaire, survey, mobility, travel, quarantine, transport.

EVALUATION OF TIME LOSS DUE TO UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF RAILWAY PASSENGERS GETTING ON AND OFF

Abstract. The behavior of train passengers when selecting a carriage was modeled using five explanatory variables. Using passenger numbers estimated by measuring the total weight of passengers using air suspension pressure gauges, the model parameters were estimated, and the accuracy of the model was validated. From the estimated parameters, we analyzed the ability of the explanatory variables to account for passenger behavior depending on the direction of travel and the time of day. Finally, we estimated the spatiotemporal distribution of passengers on each platform using this model, and discussed the time lost due to the non-uniform distribution of passengers when boarding and alighting from the train.

The Demand Performance of Bus Rapid Transit

This article uses a trip attribute approach to examine the relative passenger attractiveness of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems compared to other transit modes. It examines how passengers value trip attributes for on-street bus, BRT, and light rail and heavy rail systems in passenger behavior research. Empirical data is presented which suggests that passengers value trip attributes for BRT and rail modes in a broadly similar manner. All of these transit modes are favored relative to on-street bus. These findings suggest that BRT systems should be as effective as rail in generating patronage when developed to replace on-street bus services. This conclusion, in association with research demonstrating lower costs for BRT systems compared to rail, may be used to claim cost effectiveness advantages for BRT. However, a number of limitations in the evidence are identified and additional research suggested. Conclusions of the research are also used to suggest ways to improve BRT system design to enhance demand performance.

Optimizing Integrated All-Stop, Express, and Short-Turn Services on a Metro Line with Capacity Constraint Considering Passenger Spatio-Temporal Path Choice

Optimization of integrated train service is quite challenging under the situation of express trains overtaking local trains, because passenger path choice becomes more complicated and is largely unknown. To fill this gap, this study proposes a passenger spatio-temporal path choice model to replicate passenger behaviors given the real-time operation information in the metro system. Based on which, a non-linear programming model is developed to optimize integrated train services (i.e., all-stop, express, and short-turn) and the associated train timetables to minimize the total cost for a congested metro line, subject to a set of constraints (i.e., capacity, headway, service pattern, conditions of overtaking, etc.). The genetic algorithm with floating-point number coding is used to perform the optimization. It is applied to a real-world metro line in Chengdu, China, to assess its feasibility and effectiveness. The experimental results indicate that the integrated service is substantially improved in relation to total cost. The sensitivity analysis is conducted to explore the impacts of model parameters on various operation strategies. The proposed modeling approach is beneficial for transit agencies to improve their service planning.

Identifying airline passengers satisfaction and ground airport services perception of kolkata airport during COVID19- ASQ (Airport Service Quality) perspective

Background: The research on the airlines' ground services in airports is central to the business environment, impacting the departure and arrival functions, while COVID-19 has adversely affected service capabilities, impacting passenger safety and satisfaction. Aims: The aim is to find the factors influencing airport services during COVID-19 from the passenger perspective using the Airport Service Quality (ASQ) framework.Methods- ASQ (Airport service quality) scale was used with 39 items for a sample of 200, tested in SPSS for reliability and validity, and underwent factor analysis. Results-Airport management of Kolkata has emphasize the role of leadership management to focus on the airport ground services, with a new set of service protocols by WHO adapted to Kolkata ground services. Moderately satisfactory COVID-19 arrangements with, hand washing provision, facilities for immediate quarantine facility, disposal procedure, and way finding within Kolkata airport also have passengers who do not exhibit social conformance behaviour towards social distancing. Conclusion- Airport leadership management in airport ground services has accommodated the new COVID19 service that needs to match passenger behaviour aberrations to eliminate issues of contamination. Visual signage and way-finding guide passengers' well-being and satisfaction, while passengers must in the face of increased service time when following COVID19 service protocols.

An Improved Kinect Recognition Method for Identifying Unsafe Behaviors of Metro Passengers.

In order to solve the problem of the low action recognition accuracy of passengers’ unsafe behaviors caused by redundant joints, this study proposes an efficient recognition method based on a Kinect sensor. The method uses the pelvis as the starting point of the vector and high-frequency bone joints as the end point to construct the recognition feature vector. The joint angle difference between actions is obtained by using the cosine law, and the initial test result is converted into action similarity combined with the DTW similarity algorithm. Considering the combination of 3 angle features and 4 joint feature selection methods, 12 combined recognition models are formed. A comparative experiment was carried out to identify five types of unsafe behaviors of metro passengers—punch, one-armed call for help, arms for help, trip forward and trip backwards. The results show that the overall selection of joints has a poor similarity effect and cannot achieve the purpose of recognition. The overall recognition model effect of the local “pelvis divergence method” is higher than that of the local “adjacent joint method”, and the local “pelvis divergence method” has the highest recognition result of the maximum angle difference model, and the recognition results of the five unsafe behaviors are 86.9%, 89.2%, 85.5%, 86.7%, and 88.3%, respectively, and the recognition accuracy of this method is 95.7%, indicating the feasibility of the model. The recognition results are more concentrated and more stable, which significantly improves the recognition rate of metro passengers’ unsafe behavior.

Hybrid Scheduling Model Based on Fare Incentives for Peak Time Interval of the Metro: The Harbin Metro System

Considering the operation efficiency of the metro system, the boarding queuing problem is a complex and intractable dilemma caused by the security and ticket checking process in urban metro stations, especially for the mass-transit metro system in China. In this study, a novel scheme of fare differentials based on demand control and congestion management for reducing congestion in the metro boarding process was proposed. In addition, we extended Vickrey’s point-queue model into a boarding congestion model incorporating the bidesired departure time considering the security and ticket checking process in stations as a continuum bottleneck. The train-run and departure time choosing behaviors of passengers under different schedule gaps of the adjacent train runs are explored when the boarding system achieves user equilibrium in the proposed model. Then, we examined the demand regulatory mechanisms of fare incentives (fare differentials) in reducing the queuing boarding time in metro stations when the optimization of the schedule gaps is ineffective in the pattern of mass-scale travel demand. The analytical solutions of these two optimal methods (schedule gaps and fare differentials) for boarding congestion management are presented. After comparing the two congestion-reduced methods, the fare incentive rule has a better regulation effect on the smoothing of travel demand. The results of the sensitivity analysis using numerical simulations reveal the regulatory mechanism of fare differentials in reducing the queuing time and increasing the incremental revenue. (1) The demand threshold is only related to the boarding capacity and schedule gaps (i.e., the greater the boarding capacity and schedule gaps, the greater the passenger capacity of the metro station). (2) The effect of fare incentives in reducing the boarding congestion is better if the lower fare is implemented in the later train runs. (3) A lower fare differential between two adjacent metro runs can be used to regulate the proportion of staggered passengers in the queuing line to reduce the crowd gathering in the metro station hall when travel demand is high, meanwhile, a higher fare differential between two adjacent metro shuttles can increase incremental revenue effectively. (4) The measure of fare differentials causes worse results in both the reduction of the queuing time and the increase of the incremental revenue when the metro travel demand is lower than the demand threshold. This conclusion is consistent with the pattern of reality and experience. Therefore, the definition and judgment conditions of demand thresholds, introduced in this study, can provide theoretical guidance when implementing fare incentive policies in aviation and metro networks.

An emergency aircraft evacuation simulation considering passenger overtaking and luggage retrieval

The irrational behaviors of passengers due to panic and anxiety during actual evacuations are challenging to be fully controlled by the crew. These behaviors may lead to the inefficiency of actual evacuation. This research builds a cabin evacuation model considering passengers’ luggage retrieval and overtaking behaviors based on cellular automata to improve the safety of aviation passengers.. The model introduces disaster levels to describe passengers’ anxiety and implements the “faster-is-slower” effect. Two possible overtaking routes are proposed, and we explored the effect of overtaking and retrieving luggage. The result shows that both overtaking and luggage retrieval negatively impact evacuation efficiency, and the impact of baggage retrieving is greater than overtaking. However, overtaking can essentially eliminate the influence of baggage retrieving. The effect of prohibiting irrational behaviors in different cabin compartments is analyzed to simulate crews’ guidance. The results show that the crew's enhanced guidance of the second part is the most effective.

Humor in the sky: the use of affiliative and aggressive humor in cabin crews facing passenger misconduct

PurposeThe authors present a fist attempt to test the mediating role of humor in the relation between unruly passenger behavior and occupational stress in cabin crews.Design/methodology/approachThis study used an experience sampling design to investigate the relationship between a frequent job hassle in air service provision, namely unruly passenger behavior (UPB), and the stress experienced by flight attendants.FindingsThe results of multilevel analyses show that UPB is positively related to the use of aggressive humor and negatively related to the use of affiliative humor in cabin crews. Moreover, humor mediates the relationship between unruly passenger behavior and stress. In addition the results show that general self-efficacy as a personal resource buffers the association between passenger misconduct and the use of aggressive humor.Originality/valueThis study is among the first empirical attempts to explore the role of humor as a mediator between uncivil customer behavior and stress in air service employee.

An agent-based model for assessing the financial viability of autonomous mobility on-demand systems used as first and last-mile of public transport trips: A case-study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands

The continuing urbanization and corresponding increase in transport demand are putting pressure on the accessibility, safety, sustainability, livability, and efficiency of urbanized regions. Public transport is regarded as a sustainable mode of transport for these regions and therefore transport policies aim to increase its attractiveness. However, public transport is facing last-mile connectivity problems. The application of Autonomous Mobility on-Demand (AMoD) as a feeder service for public transport hubs can potentially improve the first and last-mile trip leg which increases the attractivity of public transport. However, will such a system be financially viable when applied in an urban area? and what kind of operation will lead to the highest system performance? In this research, this question is addressed by proposing a method that connects macro transport modeling and agent-based modeling (ABM). An existing gravity-based travel demand estimation model built in a macro simulation tool is used to predict passenger demand across all the OD pairs of a city. For those OD pairs that can use the AMoD as first /last mile this is modeled using an agent-based rationale to be able to simulate the behavior of passengers and vehicles within that specific area of the city. The simulation model is applied to the case study area of the south of Rotterdam, in The Netherlands, where metro Station Zuidplein and the rail Station Lombardijen function as two AMoD hubs. Using the case study, the impact of relocation, ridesharing, and charging strategy is assessed in regards to financial viability. Among other insights, results show that the AMoD service leads to a profit on a typical business day for the operating companies despite the high-quality level of the service (very low average waiting time for a vehicle). If this particular system would not consist of automated vehicles and one would have to pay a salary to drivers, it would not be possible to make a profit on a typical business day. Moreover, results show that activating dynamic ridesharing and using wireless fast chargers at the stations results in the most financially viable operation. Activating automatic relocations results in the most costly operation.

Understanding the ground access and airport choice behavior of air passengers using transit payment transaction data

We investigate the ground access and airport choice behavior of individual air passengers that use rail transit in their ground transport to airports. Using a novel dataset of payment transaction records of rail transit trips, we calibrate a binomial logit model of individual's choice between two airports in Beijing, China to examine air passengers' preferences for ground rail service attributes including travel time, travel cost and number of transfers and compute the implied value of travel time and transfer penalty. We further visualize the spatial distribution of access and egress air ridership across the city at the rail transit station level with a set of heat maps and develop a gravity model to understand factors that affect the air ridership at individual stations. Our findings have significant implications for airport planner and transit authorities in assessing the potential benefit of airport rail link projects and improving the efficiency of regional airport systems.