School Behavior Research Articles

Bullying in School Environments

The research problem is expressed in the multifaceted question of the complexity meaning and manifestation of bullying in schools. The main research findings of the paper are the behaviors or actions that determine the most common forms of bullying behaviors in schools. In addition, this research enables us to obtain relevant knowledge about bullying with the help of scientific methods such as theoretical research of a qualitative nature, and the qualitative method of document content analysis which is mainly applied as one of the methods of data collection. This paper contributes from a criminological, victimological, sociological, and psychological point of view, which are engaged in preventing the appearance of bullying in schools as a negative and untreated phenomenon not only in us but also internationally.

Creating a trauma- informed culture: Practicality in schools

Traumatic life experiences have an impact on learning, behaviour, and relationships in schools. A trauma-informed culture instilled in schools could significantly reduce the effects of traumatic experiences on learners, however, creating this may present challenges in schools. This article used secondary data from scholarly articles to investigate the practicality of creating a trauma- informed culture in schools. It was found that fostering a trauma-informed culture in educational settings is challenging since there are not enough qualified teachers or resources, and some activities cannot be done during school hours. It is recommended that proper training be provided to the educators and enough resources be availed to enable proper creation of a trauma- informed culture in schools.

The Effects of Broken Home On the Academic Performance of Students in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria: A Study of the Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro

The major institution for humans is the family, also known as a household or home. This study investigated how broken household might affect the academic performance of students in the tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The study was conducted among the undergraduates of the Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. Specifically, ND II students of the School of Pure and Applied Sciences and the School of Management Studies were engaged in the study. 100 students were randomly selected from each of the Schools making a total of 200 respondents. A questionnaire was adopted to obtain information from the respondents. Using the descriptive research design, findings show that students from broken homes commonly engage in unruly and unacceptable behaviors in school and often face possibility of being rusticated or expelled from the school, Furthermore, such students suffer academic and emotional challenges and they usually perform poorly in their academic activities. it suggested that several of the elements that create poor academic performance associated with a separation, such as family’s income, trust issues and uneasiness between partners, and this ought to be curtailed in order to lessen the chance of a shattered household. Students from broken homes should be properly monitored, secured, and controlled by their supervisors and sole caregivers and parents ought to be educated on the importance of remaining married as partners in order to have a decent household. In marriage, they must persist and endure one another.

Impact of motor self-efficacy on cyberbullying in adolescents and pre-adolescents in physical education.

In recent years, cyberbullying rates have increased, especially among adolescents in the school environment. According to the literature, the factors that influence this type of behavior are access to technologies, physical activity and BMI, among others. The aim is to find correlations between motor self-efficacy and cyberbullying. The ECIP-Q and E-AEM questionnaire was applied to 1,232 students from Spanish schools and institutes (8-18 years old) in a cross-sectional study. Significant inverse correlations were found between the ECIP-Q and the E-AEM on the variables of gender, educational stage, daily physical activity, BMI, telephone ownership and hours spent on the Internet. In conclusion, it can be understood that the higher the level of self-efficacy, the lower the level of abuse and victimization. Therefore, physical activity could be considered to act as a regulator of cyberbullying. And it would be interesting for public administrations to increase the number of hours of physical education, to expand out-of-school physical activities and to promote an active lifestyle in order to eradicate this type of abusive school behavior.

The Role of Leadership in Improving Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Performance of Vocational High School (SMK) Teachers

The Role of Leadership in Improving Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Performance of Vocational High School (SMK) Teachers

Relationship between Counselor’s Services Provision and Help-seeking Behavior among Secondary School Students in Laikipia County, Kenya

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between counselor’s services provision and help-seeking behavior among secondary school students in Laikipia County, Kenya. Fishbein and Ajzen’s theory of Reasoned Action anchored this research. The researcher utilized correlational research design. The target population of this study consisted of form three students only from three categories of schools (boys boarding, girls boarding and mixed day schools) which make a total of 28 public secondary schools. The sample size of the study was 310 form three students from 10 schools. The researcher used two instruments to collect data from form three students. A pilot study was carried out to ascertain the validity of the instrument. Quantitative data gathered through a questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicated that there was a moderate positive correlation between counselor’s services provision and help-seeking behavior among the students, r (290) = .29, p < .05. The study recommends that teachers should sensitize students on the importance of counsellors to build a positive perception of school counselors to enhance help-seeking behavior among the students. There is a need for the students to be encouraged to seek help whenever they are faced with challenges to reduce cases of problem behavior in schools.

The Secret Sauce? Taking the Mystery Out of Scaling-Up School-Based Physical Activity Interventions.

Over the last 4 decades, physical activity researchers have invested heavily in determining "what works" to promote healthy behaviors in schools. Single and multicomponent school-based interventions that target physical education, active transportation, and/or classroom activity breaks effectively increased physical activity among children and youth. Yet, few of these interventions are ever scaled-up and implemented under real-world conditions and in diverse populations. To achieve population-level health benefits, there is a need to design school-based health-promoting interventions for scalability and to consider key aspects of the scale-up process. In this opinion piece, we aim to identify challenges and advance knowledge and action toward scaling-up school-based physical activity interventions. We highlight the key roles of planning for scale-up at the outset, scale-up pathways, trust among partners and program support, program adaptation, evaluation of scale-up, and barriers and facilitators to scaling-up. We draw upon our experience scaling-up effective school-based interventions and provide a solid foundation from which others can work toward bridging the implementation-to-scale-up gap.

A Scoping Review of Anti-Bullying Interventions: Reducing Traumatic Effect of Bullying Among Adolescents.

Bullying is a violent activity that causes significant harm to both victims and perpetrators. Anxiety, despair, low self-esteem, and suicidal ideation are signs of bullying's traumatic effect. The social environment's support proved critical in lessening the devastating experience of bullying on adolescents. The purpose of this study is to conduct a scoping Review of Anti-Bullying Interventions with the aim of reporting techniques to reduce traumatic effect of bullying among adolescents. A design scoping review was done in this investigation. The publications were discovered using the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Review method. Three databases were used to find this article: PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus. The inclusion criteria for this study were that the sample included adolescent victims of bullying, that it was full text, that it was written in English, that it included anti-bullying therapies, that it used randomized control trials or quasi-experimental designs, and that it was published during the last ten years (2014-2023). The authors found 16 articles were obtained that explored Anti-bullying therapies to minimize symptoms of trauma in adolescent bullies. All of the studies found that the intervention significantly reduced the effects of bullying on victims (p<0.05). The sample sizes ranged from 31 to 5539 teenage respondents. This study discovered three types of anti-bullying interventions: social support, social skills, and school-based programs. Activities such as education, counseling, and training are used to prevent bullying behavior in schools. Adolescent intervention takes into account the participants' physical and psychological situations and focuses on completing the stages of adolescent development. Interventions to reduce the impact of trauma on bullying victims need to involve health providers, parents, and adolescents. This aims to form a mutually supportive system in overcoming the problem of bullying.

EMERGING TRENDS OF TEACHERS' RESISTANCE TO CLASSROOM VISITATION, MONITORING AND SUPPORT PRACTICES CARRIED OUT BY DISTRICT EDUCATION OFFICIALS

This study examines the emerging trends of teachers’ resistance to classroom visitation, monitoring and support practices carried out by district education officials in the Elliotdale Circuit secondary schools of the Dutywa Education District, South Africa. A qualitative approach as well as a case study design were adopted. A purposive sampling strategy was used to select a sample size of twenty-two (22) participants which comprised five (5) principals, twelve (12) teachers, two (2) subject advisors from the District Education Office and three (3) teacher union members from the teacher union office in the Elliotdale Circuit. Permission to conduct the study was sought from the provincial and district education offices. Audiotape recording was used to collect data through face-to-face in-depth individual interviews. Data were analysed thematically. Findings were that there were frequent and unannounced district officials' classroom visitation and monitoring in schools, district and provincial officials displayed some bossy behaviours in schools, there were cases of teachers being victimised and harassed by departmental officials, some teachers were lazy to teach and also expressed fear of been called failures, the existence of teacher unions significantly influenced teacher resistance to classroom visitations and there was fear of change and the unknown experienced by some teachers. Recommendations made were that: The District Education Office should work hand in hand with the Elliotdale Circuit to organize change management, curriculum and pedagogical content knowledge workshops for teachers, school heads and provincial and district education officials to equip them with knowledge on sources and nature of resistance to change in schools and how to ensure classroom visitation and school monitoring are solely based on teacher support and development and so should be devoid of victimization, harassment, witch-hunting and fault-finding.

Riešenie problémového správania žiakov na základných školách: výskyt, prevencia a prístupy

This paper looks at problem behaviour in primary schools, its occurrence and prevention. We analyse the causes of problem behaviour and its different forms such as aggression, bullying, cyberbullying, truancy, addiction and substance abuse. We also look at the counselling and prevention system. The paper also focuses on the occurrence of problem behaviour in primary school level 1 in the Ružomberok district, where we map the current situation in schools.

Predictive factors regarding bullying behavior in Romanian schools.

The present study investigates the phenomenon of bullying in schools in the city of Constanta, Romania. From the age point of view, we have had n = 210 12-year-old subjects and 193 13-year-old subjects, and from the biological gender point of view, there were 234 girls and 169 boys. The study's main objective was to investigate aggressive behavior in adolescents in a school context. The study is cross-sectional and aims to analyze behaviors and interpersonal relationships having as dependent variable "Conflicts in the school environment" and two independent variables, respectively "Aggressive Manifestations" and "Aggressive Behaviors," used in proving the first hypothesis, dependent variable "Verbal attacks as an aggressor" and the predictive variables "Social exclusion" and "Conflicts within the school environment" used to demonstrate the second hypothesis and the dependent variable "Bullying behavior" and the predictor variables "Acceptance of unethical behaviors," "Violation of privacy as an aggressor" and "Dissemination of information without authorization" used to demonstrate the third hypotheses. The results indicate significant correlations between aggressive behaviors and conflicts in the school environment (r = 0.596, p < 0.001), suggesting that interventions must be integrated and address the underlying causes of aggressive behaviors and associated manifestations. The association between "Conflicts in the school environment" and "Aggressive behaviors" revealed a significant correlation (r = 0.387, p < 0.001) and a moderate correlation between "Perception of conflicts" and "Aggressive manifestations" (r = 0.423, p < 0.001). The conclusions emphasize the importance of understanding the complexity of aggressive behavior dynamics and predictive factors for developing effective strategies for prevention and intervention in the educational environment. As a limitation of the study, it is advisable to follow the group of subjects from a longitudinal point of view to identify changes in the behavioral manifestations of these adolescents, in a school context.

Participatory Leadership Behaviour and Goal Attainment in Public Secondary Schools in Abia State, Nigeria

Participatory Leadership Behaviour and Goal Attainment in Public Secondary Schools in Abia State, Nigeria

Classroom Climate and Students’ Behavior in Public Secondary Schools

Classroom Climate and Students’ Behavior in Public Secondary Schools

Students’ Perception on the Role of Guidance and Counselling Services on Behavior in Private Secondary Schools in Bugesera District, Rwanda

Despite availability of guidance and counselling services in many secondary schools, many students are reluctant to seek those services. Students` attitude is important in determining the uptake of guidance and counselling services. Therefore, this study sought to determine the perception of students on the role of guidance and counselling services on behavior change among students in selected private secondary schools in Bugesera District in Rwanda. The study’s objectives were: to determine students’ perception on the aims of guidance and counselling services; to examine the attitude of students towards guidance and counselling; and to interrogate the students’ perception on the role of guidance and counselling services on behavior change among students. The study was grounded on Gestalt Theory of Perception and Maslow Hierarchy of Needs. The target population was 860 students from two private secondary schools. A sample of 274 was drawn using both convenient and probability systematic sampling techniques. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. The research employed descriptive survey design. The study established that most students perceived the aims of guidance and counselling services as that of helping them improve their academic performance (84.2%); prevent early pregnancies (81.6%); provide information in making career choices (81.6%) as well as raising students’ self-esteem (79.5%). The study also revealed that the attitude of students was positive as 73.1% were willing to seek counselor’s help; 70.6% were ready to see a counselor or referred elsewhere when necessary while 70.6% were willing to be referred to see a counselor. The study revealed that most students perceived the role of guidance and counselling in behavior change as effective in reducing crimes in schools (86.2%); helping students perform better in co-curriculum activities (82%); improve students’ study habits (80.9%) as well as increases students` self-esteem (80. 9%).This implied that most students perceived the role of guidance and counselling as effective in influencing behavior change. The study recommended that the school administrators should sustain efforts to promote positive attitudes towards seeking counseling help.

Ultramicroscopic organization of the exterior olfactory organ in Anguilla vulgaris in relation to its spawning migration.

Catadromous fishes have well-developed elongated olfactory organs with numerous lamellae and different types of receptor neurons related to their breeding migration. The current study showed how the olfactory system adapted to the catadromous life. Our work declared the need of the migratory fishes for the sense of smell that is exhibited by a higher number of the olfactory lamellae and the receptor neuron verification in the olfactory epithelium. Ten specimens of fully grown, but pre-matured, silver eels of Anguilla vulgaris were captured at the outlet of Edco Lake, overlooking the Mediterranean Sea, east of Alexandria. Olfactory rosettes were dissected and fixed for scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Our study gave a morphological description of the olfactory system of A. vulgaris. At the ultrastructural level using SEM and TEM, one olfactory rosette was provided with 90-100 flat radial olfactory lamellae. The nasal configuration allowed water to enter and exit, transferring odorant molecules to olfactory receptor cells which comprise long cylindrical ciliated and microvillous receptors as well as rod-tipped cells. These cells are bipolar neurons with upward dendritic knobs. The olfactory epithelia also include crypt receptor cells. Interestingly, the olfactory neurons are delimited by nonsensory supporting cells, including long motile kinocilia and sustentacular supporting cells beside mucus secretory goblet cells and ionocytes or labyrinth cells that contribute to the olfaction process. Olfaction is crucial in all vertebrates, including fishes as it involves reproduction, parental, feeding, defensive, schooling, and migration behaviors. Here, A. vulgaris is an excellent model for catadromous fishes. It has a well-developed olfactory organ to cope with the dramatic climate change, habitat loss, water pollution, and altered ocean currents effect during their catadromous life for reproduction.

An Investigation into the Causes of Violence and Riotous Behaviour among Secondary School Pupils in Zambia

Aim: The objectives of the Study were to (i) Investigate the causes of violence and riotous behaviours among secondary school pupils in Zambia, (ii) Establish the common violent and riotous behaviours among Secondary School pupils, (iii) Evaluate methods schools use to discipline their pupils in Secondary Schools in Choma District, (iv) Identify sustainable methods of improving pupils’ discipline in Secondary schools in Zambia. Study Design: The research was a combination of qualitative and quantitative approach which used questionnaires for data gathering. Questions in the questionnaires included the sources of violent and riotous behaviours schools were experiencing and the methods used to control the vices. The emphasis was on analyzing the factors associated with violence and riotous behavior, establishing the relationship between the variables and identify sustainable methods of improving pupil discipline. Place and duration of study: The study was undertaken in Choma district, southern province, Zambia in term 2/3 of 2018 academic year. Methodology: Respondents targeted included: Secondary school pupils from grades 8 to 12, deputies and head teachers from boarding and day schools which had at least ten-year experience in offering secondary education. Six (6) out of fourteen (14) secondary schools in Choma district were randomly sampled. Six (6) Head teachers and six (6) Deputy Head teachers were purposefully sampled in the selected schools. Six classes with twenty (20) pupils each (one class per school) were selected per class using random sampling. The total of 120 pupils were targeted. Pupils that were selected were ranging from 10 to 20 years and above of age. A randomization procedure was used to select one class per class and per grade at each school. Analysis: The associations between independent variables and violent and riotous behaviours (dependent variables) were statistically tested using the chi square and the Fisher’s Exact tests. The analysis showed that there was a positive association between the variables measured at level of significance of 95 percent. The independent variables tested in the analysis above were; (1). Insufficient diet; (2). Poor sanitation; (3). Group influence and peer pressure; (4). Pupil indiscipline; (5) Abuse by teachers. The dependent variables in the research were violent and riotous Behaviour. Results: The analysis to test the association between the identified factors (independent variables) that contribute to violent and riotous Behaviour were tested at the level of significance of 95 percent with probability (p) =0.05. The test results show that the calculated values are less than p = 0.05. The chi-square value (X2 ) was 0.029 while the Fisher’s Exact value was 0.033. The rule of thumb or the decision rule guides that when the calculated values of chi-square and fisher’s exact tests are less than p =0.05, the null hypothesis should be rejected while the alternative hypothesis should be accepted. Null hypotheses: H01- There is no association between poor diet and riotous behaviour, H02- There is no association between poor sanitation and riotous behaviour, H03- There is no association between group influence and peer pressure and riotous behaviour, H04- There is no association between pupil indiscipline and riotous behaviour. Research Questions: 1). What causes violence and riotous behaviour among Secondary School pupils in Choma District? 2). What are the most common violent and riotous behaviours among Secondary School pupils in Choma District? 3). What methods do schools use to discipline their pupils in Secondary Schools in Choma District? 4). What are the sustainable methods that could significantly improve pupil discipline in Secondary Schools in Zambia? Conclusion: The aforementioned findings of the study have led to the following conclusion: Poor diet, poor sanitation, shortage of enough clean water, group influence and peer pressure, lack of adequate learning and teaching facilities such as, text books, furniture, classrooms, banker beds and hostels were associated with the causes of riotous behaviour in schools. Lack of commitment to duty by teachers and not attending adequately to pupils’ grievances were also responsible for causing riotous behaviours. Internal school factors such as ineffective communication between pupils and the staff also contribute to the causes of violence and riotous behavior. It is therefore, recommended that student councils be set and involved in planning menus for their meals, school policy formulation and decision making. Open days should be planned in each term where parents are invited to school to have a say on the general welfare of their children. Platforms where pupils can bring out their grievances freely without any fear or intimidation should be created. Programs that encourage self-esteem and respect for others such as clubs, quizzes and sporting activities should be emphasized. It is recommended that teachers should work hard, use variety of teaching approaches by exploiting all the available learning and teaching resources so that the required academic need of learners is met.

Reducing violent student behavior through culturally based counseling: Mediation analysis of the fairness

This study investigates the impact of Iso Trimorogo counseling, a culture-based counseling approach rooted in Tri Dharma Mangkunegaran Philosophy, on reducing violent behavior in high school students by fostering the character trait of fairness. The research involved 120 high school students from Central Java Province, Indonesia divided into an experimental group receiving Iso Trimorogo counseling and a control group subjected to conventional counseling methods. The efficacy of the counseling was assessed using a fairness character scale and a bullying behavior scale, administered pre- and post-treatment. The study employed bootstrapping analysis with 5000 resampling iterations, maintaining an error threshold of 5% (p &lt; 0.005). The results indicated a significant direct effect of Iso Trimorogo counseling in diminishing violent behavior (F = 9.027) and an indirect effect through the mediation of fairness character development (F = 4.026), with a negative correlation between fairness character and violent behavior (R = 0.389). These findings underscore the importance of integrating character education, particularly focusing on fairness, in counseling strategies to effectively address violent behavior in schools. The study advocates for the adoption of culture-based counseling approaches like Iso Trimorogo in educational settings to enhance student behavior and character development.

The effectiveness of short film to reduce students bullying behavior in junior high school

The phenomenon of bullying behavior is behavior that is very close to students. Prevention of bullying is one of the tasks of guidance and counseling teachers through classical guidance services. One of the media that can be used by guidance and counseling teachers is a short movie. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of short movie to reduce bullying behavior. This research is quantitative research with experimental methods. The research design uses a one-group design with a random sampling subjects. There are 36 subjects for class VIII junior high school students in Sleman. Researchers distributed anti-bullying questionnaires for the pre-test and post-test and analyzed them using the T test. The result is an increased understanding of bullying behavior in students after watching a short movie, so the use of a short movie is considered effective to reduce bullying behavior because of the influence of vicarious learning theory. Based on the results of the T-test, there is a 30.200 difference in the pretest and posttest scores, which indicates effectiveness. The N-Gain test results also yielded a score of 63%, which is in the quite effective category.

Impact of School Policies on Student Discipline in Fort Portal Municipality, Kabalore District

This cross-sectional survey investigates the attitudes, opinions, and experiences of teachers, students, and head teachers regarding school policies' influence on student discipline in Fort Portal Municipality's secondary schools, Kabalore District. The study's objective is to identify the effects of school policies, causes of student indiscipline, and the role of school administration in shaping discipline. A sample size of 210 respondents was selected using purposive and random sampling techniques. Data collection involved structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews, employing both primary and secondary data sources. Statistical analysis using SPSS and qualitative descriptive analysis revealed intriguing insights. A comprehensive survey encompassing the distribution of respondents by sex, marital status, and age bracket was conducted, revealing intriguing demographic trends. A robust exploration was undertaken to discern the influence of school policies on student discipline, eliciting responses from diverse stakeholders including teachers, head teachers, students, PTA members, and Board of Governors. The findings underscore the significant influence of school policies, with identified factors including Universal secondary education, Compulsory Science subjects, trained teachers, games and sports, vocational subjects, and specific registration criteria for academic progression. Moreover, the research delved into the underlying causes of student indiscipline, highlighting pivotal issues such as domestic violence, heredity, peer influence, lenient disciplinary measures, dearth of positive role models, and cultural influences. These insights underline the complex interplay of societal factors impacting student conduct. Additionally, the study expounded on the effects of school administration strategies on student discipline, emphasizing the critical role played by rule-setting, guidance and counseling, supervision, parental involvement, sensitization programs, and robust administrative structures in fostering a disciplined academic environment. The comprehensive analysis of these diverse dimensions unveils the intricate landscape influencing student behavior in secondary schools, suggesting the need for nuanced policy interventions and administrative strategies to cultivate a conducive environment for positive student conduct and academic excellence. Keywords: School policies, student discipline, secondary schools, cross-sectional survey, attitudes, causes of indiscipline, school administration

Increasing Proactive Work Behavior Among Teachers in Islamic Senior High School: The Role of Ethical Work Climate and Perceived Organizational Support

Educational institutions, such as Islamic high schools, face challenges in managing teacher performance, particularly in promoting proactive behavior. This study aims to explore the impact of an ethical work climate characterized by principles of caring, instrumental independence, service, rules, and codes, as well as perceived organizational support (POS), on teachers' proactive behavior in Islamic senior high schools. The study includes a one-month convenience sampling period, with 104 teachers from Medan, North Sumatra, participating as respondents. Primary data was collected through the perceptions of the respondents and analyzed using a PLS-based SEM. Findings highlight that an ethical work climate has a greater influence on teachers' proactive behavior compared to POS. While perceived organizational support remains important, the unique cultural and religious context of Islamic schools may elevate the significance of an ethical work climate. Teachers may perceive ethical guidelines and values as integral to their role and mission within the Islamic educational setting, leading to a more profound impact on their proactive engagement compared to the general perception of organizational support. The study concludes that the ethical work climate in Islamic senior high schools plays a crucial role in influencing teachers' proactive behavior, emphasizing the importance of fostering and maintaining an ethical work environment to support teachers in their professional endeavors.