Behavior In Interpersonal Relationships Research Articles

Beliefs and Violent Behavior in Interpersonal Relationships of Young Adults: A Systematic Review

Beliefs are information-processing structures formed along an individual’s developmental pathway. Beliefs can legitimize involvement in inappropriate or violent behaviors, particularly when they crystallize into cognitive schemas. While beliefs aid individuals in interpreting the surrounding world, overly rigid and inflexible beliefs can constrain the individual’s ability to process available information. This Systematic Review, carried out according to the PRISMA norms and guidelines, aims to understand the most prevalent beliefs regarding relationships among young adults and to examine their associations with violent or deviant behaviors. Articles included in this review were retrieved from the EBSCO, PubMed, and Web of Science databases in July 2022, resulting in a total of 594 studies, which were subsequently screened by two independent reviewers. A total of 51 studies were then selected for full reading, but 36 were excluded based on pre-defined eligibility criteria, leaving a final sample of 18 studies published between 2014 and 2022. The main objectives, country of origin, instruments used, sample composition and age, main results and conclusions were extracted from each study. Findings point toward the presence of related and legitimate beliefs about violence in intimate relationships, domestic violence, sexual violence, acceptance of the rape myth, or consent to engage in sexual activities.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION OF PRECINCT OFFICERS OF THE NATIONAL POLICE OF UKRAINE

The article highlights the results of the study of psychological features of interpersonal interaction of district officers of the National Police of Ukraine. A district police officer, like every police officer, in the process of professional activity performs important law enforcement functions to ensure security, respect for rights and freedoms, on the basis of partnership and police care, so close contact with citizens and colleagues, so his communicative potential depends on the success of official tasks. The ability to communicate with people, establish psychological contact, overcome barriers to communication, listen, listen and hear, answer questions, influence, provide and obtain the necessary information, etc., determine not only the quality of work of a police officer in general, but also efficiency activities of the National Police of Ukraine in general. The presented study of interpersonal communication of police officers is based on the use of two recognized psychodiagnostic methods, namely the interrogation questionnaire for interpersonal interaction T. Leary and the abbreviated version of the questionnaire of the Big Five in the adaptation of O. John, L. Naumann, S. Soto. In general, the selected questionnaires allowed to determine the professional features of communication of district police officers in the vectors of extroversion and introversion, friendliness and aggression, dominance and dependence. The profile of a district police officer has been found to combine wall and hyposthenic characteristics, allowing them to combine stern, masculine traits and patterns of behavior in interpersonal relationships with milder, emotionally benevolent manifestations. Personal characteristics such as honesty, extroversion, moderate flexibility, openness to new experiences, low levels of neuroticism indicate that district police officers tend to have a mixed type of response in the process of interpersonal interaction. It has been proven that the use of questionnaires provides an objective and comprehensive description of the style of interpersonal behavior of police officers, which will improve the quality of professional selection of police officers, increase the efficiency of teamwork and increase public confidence in the police.

Motivation for Achievement in Choosing a Strategy of Behavior in Organizational Conflict Among Employees of the Suburban Railway

Currently, the interrelation of various motivational phenomena, interests, attitudes and behavior of a person in the professional activity is being considered. Analysis of modern psychological literature shows that employees of organizations can be highly-motivated to achieve in their professional activities, however, in each individual, the motivation for achievement can manifest itself in a certain motivational trend. The article discusses the issues of the main parameters of the influence of the motivation for achievement on the determination of strategies for the behavior of suburban railway employees, which are revealed, both in destructive interpersonal communication and at a high level of constructive interaction. The available knowledge about the causes of conflicts and the needs of using the dominant strategy of behavior in interpersonal relationships and professional activity is generalized.

Attachment styles of People Living with HIV/AIDS.

Factors that involve the dynamics in interpersonal relationships and may have consequences in health are still little explored in people living with HIV/AIDS. The aim was to identify the evidences of literature regarding adult attachment style and HIV. It is an Integrative literature review. Seven databases were explored, using the combination of key words and Boolean connectors: "Attachment Style OR Object Attachment AND HIV". A reasonable number of articles addressed attachment among people with HIV as a mediator to post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and stress. The prevalence of insecure attachment in this group was high. Evidence was also found in relation to the attachment as an important factor to adaptation to the diagnosis of HIV, attachment and behavior in interpersonal relationships, and emphasize the possibility of changing the attachment style.

PERSONAL PROFILE AND SOCIAL ORIENTATIONS IN THE INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG STUDENTS IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH CARE

The PURPOSE of this study is to investigate the level of assertive behavior and self-esteem in students, teaching nurses and midwives, and to shape their personal profile and social orientations in interpersonal relationships. MATERIAL and METHODS: Were investigated 44 students studying in the nursing and midwifery profession for the level of the assertiveness and the behavior in interpersonal relationships. The research was carried out by a test method, with the following questionnaires specifically applied: Personality scale for the study of assertiveness- J. Tindall, Scale for the study of global self-esteem"- M. Rozenberg, Test for interpersonal relationships- T. Leary, were also studied. RESULTS: The results do not differ statistically significant from the normative sample, i.e. students studying to be nurses and midwives randomized to participate in this study demonstrated a level of assertiveness and self-esteem within the norm. However, there is a slight tendency for higher results in the group of midwives in terms of assertiveness and self-esteem. CONCLUSION: Students studying in both regulated professions should be encouraged to generate assertive skills. By establishing the characteristics of personality traits, which builds the profile of the medical specialist, can be considered as target units and stimulates appropriate socially significant orientation in behavior, corresponding to the needs of the two regulated professions.

Pedagogical provision of the process of forming the empatic culture of students of modern higher education

This article presents the degree of scientific development of the problem of the formation of the empathic culture of students of a modern university and the theoretical and methodological justification of pedagogical support for this process. The author pays special attention to the examination of the essential characteristics of students’ empathic culture, reveals and substantiates the set of pedagogical conditions that ensure the effectiveness of the process of shaping the empathic culture of university students. The article presents and describes the humanistically oriented principles of orienting the student to the development of morally justified motives for future professional activity and the formation of an empathic culture. Based on the theoretical analysis of the literature on the research problem, the author refines the definition of the concept of «empathic culture», defining it as an integral structure in the dialectical unity of its components - knowledge, attitudes, activities and is viewed as an integrative personal quality, expressed in harmonizing people’s understanding of each other on based on his acceptance of empathy, empathy, assistance, as a personal, social and cultural value that determines individual behavior in interpersonal relationships with surrounding.

Perceiving and Wanting to Be Valued by Others: Implications for Cognition, Motivation, and Behavior in Romantic Relationships.

Two studies examined implications of two individual differences--perception of being valued by others and desire to be valued by others--for romantic relationships. Study 1 included 171 participants involved in romantic relationships (59 males, 112 females) and examined attributions and behavioral intentions in hypothetical scenarios. Study 2 involved 160 heterosexual couples who completed daily reports and/or an observed conflict discussion. Perception of being valued by others and desire to be valued by others independently predicted more pro-relationship responses and reduced relationship-destructive responses, including more care, commitment, and regard for partners; more responsive and ingratiating behavior; less negative behavior; and more positive perceptions and behavioral intentions. Perceived and desired interpersonal value were related to attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and trait self-esteem. However, perceived and desired interpersonal value were superior predictors of relationship outcomes, even in replications of foundational attachment studies. Individual differences in believing that one is valued by others and wanting to be valued by others independently predict relationship maintenance, and these dimensions may be at the core of many effects of attachment dimensions and self-esteem. These individual differences appear to be important aspects of personality that guide cognition, motivation, and behavior in interpersonal relationships.

Pluralistic ignorance in revenge attitudes and behavior in interpersonal relationships

We investigated whether people's perceptions of social norms concerning interpersonal revenge reflect a tendency for individuals to believe that others' revenge attitudes and behavior differ from their own (i.e., pluralistic ignorance). As part of a survey on revenge experiences in relationships with romantic partners, family members, and associates (e.g., friends), participants (N = 534) judged the acceptability and frequency of revenge in significant personal relationships. As expected, participants believed that others (a) saw revenge as more acceptable and (b) engaged in revenge more frequently than they did themselves. They did not, however, perceive others' revenge attitudes and behaviors to be any more variable than their own attitudes and behaviors actually were. Explanations for and implications of these findings are discussed.

Approach and Avoidance Behavior in Interpersonal Relationships

Social relationships are intricately tied to health and well-being and people are motivated to form and maintain interpersonal bonds. While it is clear that social relationships can be highly rewarding, it is equally clear that social relationships or the lack thereof can be the source of much distress. In this article a conceptualization of social motivation that reflects the basic necessity for people to simultaneously manage approaching the incentives and avoiding the threats in social relationships is presented. We then review evidence that the strength of approach and avoidance social motives and goals is strongly linked to social outcomes through several behavioral, cognitive, and affective processes.

Performance in Pain: A Narrative of the Professional Acrobat's Body Experience

This study aimed to explore the deep body experiences of Taiwan professional acrobats' acquired-skills, and how they overcome from psychological obstacles and go back to the stage after getting hurt and recovering the body. Therefore, the narrative inquiry research method was employed. Two participants were asked to describe their body experiences of training, hurt and rehabilitation. The data were analyzed based on the pain concepts. The findings showed that acrobat's training procedure is a sort of quantification and rigidity. The unique body sense is developed as time goes on and experiences are accumulated. The acrobats' individual behaviors come up first when they get hurt. In addition, acrobats have an unpleasant feeling of bodily damage, and then followed with a severe pain. However, as time goes on, the acrobat learns to face it, accept it and overcome it. In fact, the painful body experiences the procedure of ”knowing the pain, bearing the pain, dulling the pain, speaking the pain and healing the pain.” The second level is interpersonal relationship behavior, including the sense of mission from the past master, the sense of responsibility as a professional performer and the response of appreciation from the group teammates' mutual support. Because of the painful body, dread mind and unbalanced sense of body would be dying away in the condition of strengthening physical quality and building up confidence, and then a decision of return-to-perform is made. It was concluded that the acrobats need to realize, understand and treat well their own bodies after experiencing the process of trauma, including body's collapses, a sense of lose, cures and rehabilitation. Although trauma memory could persist, the acrobats need to learn to live with the trauma.

ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЙ О ЛЖИ И СТРАТЕГИЙ ПОВЕДЕНИЯ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ В ПРОЦЕССЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ АДАПТАЦИИ

The paper studies the features of comprehension and the use of a lie in the adaptive behavior of modern student's youth. A number of socially-psychological characteristics of examinees depending on their adaptation level are analyzed. The interrelationship between representations of students about a lie, their adaptation levels, preferred strategy of behavior in interpersonal relationships, and also a degree of development empathic and Machiavellian tendencies is established and empirically proved. Features of a lie use in the individual strategy of social behavior are revealed. The results allow to define determinants and basis of moral regulators of student’s social behavior.

Assertiveness training and human communication processes

In spite of the wealth of descriptions of assertive behavior, there is no consensus either on a precise definition or on a theoretical model of assertiveness. However, as there is a certain unanimity on the view that assertive behavior should lead to more satisfying, interpersonal relationships for all persons involved, it could be helpful to put the concept of assertiveness in the context of adequate, human communication and its beneficial effects. After a review of the principal controversies concerning the nature of assertive behavior and the content of assertiveness training programs, the authors present the main components of a theoretical model of communication, and consider certain of its implications for the field of assertiveness. The use of a model of communication to define assertiveness would help to develop some hypotheses concerning the function and importance of different aspects of assertive behavior in interpersonal relationships, and give more coherence to the practice of assertiveness training.

Some Aspects of Ritualized Behavior in Interpersonal Relationships

Some Aspects of Ritualized Behavior in Interpersonal Relationships

Community Mental Health Services: Research in Evaluation

In 1953, a research program was initiated to evaluate the effectiveness of the preventive community mental health service program in St. Louis County, a program which had developed in part because of the experiences just described The program has as one of its aims the modification of maternal attitudes toward child care through contacts with mothers. It is hypothesized that changes in these attitudes will be accompanied by reduced frequency and intensity of disturbances in school-age children, although this aspect of the mental health program (4) has no direct contact with the children. The professional workers in the program-psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers-in a series of interviews and conferences with the research staff indicated rhat their efforts were directed toward modifying behavior in interpersonal relationships. These relationships were characterized as follows: Number: many, moderate, few Intensity: intense, moderate, superficial Extent of demands on others: many, moderate, few Emotional tone: euphoric-depressed Objects: adults, peers Emotional control: loose, flexible, rigid Achievement in school tasks: high, moderate, low The methods of description of these behaviors, and the directions and significance of change have been detailed in an earlier report (4). In evalu

Racio-National Stereotypes Held by Negroes

The study of racial stereotypes provides a relatively simple way of in, vestigating the ideational coloring with which one individual approaches another. It is now an accepted principle in social psychology that people usually do not react to others purely on the basis of the objective reality of the other persons' personalities. Preconceived ideas about the other persons play a part in determining behavior in inter-personal relationships. Furthermore, people tend to characterize entire racial or national groups in rather definite and consistent ways. When a member of such a group is either thought of or actually encountered, this prior characterization influences subsequent behavior. Most studies of racial attitudes have been concerned with the attitudes of whites toward other racio-national groups. Not too much attention has been given to the problem of the attitudes of minority groups toward the majority group in the country. It is, of course, proper that major emphasis should be placed upon the majority group attitudes since it is these attitudes which control the social scene. For example, the general pattern of attitudes of whites helps determine the employment status, income level, and educational possibilities of Negroes. On the other hand, there are many areas of group interaction, and the quality of these interactions is a function of the attitudes of the two groups involved, regardless of majority or minority status. This quality of interaction is not solely the result of the attitudes of the majority, although the control aspect is in their hands. Consideration of the attitudes of a minority group is demanded especially when attempts are being made to reduce inter-group tensions. Unwholesome attitudes in the minority group about the majority reveal suspicion and hatred which will operate to block the efforts to reduce conflict. It is the unwholesome stereotype in a minority group which creates the frustration of a member of the majority who is working conscientiously for the betterment of the former and finds himself unable to establish the necessary rapport with members of the minority. There is the additional problem of intra-group morale. What will happen in inter-group conflicts is partly a function of the internal dynamics of the minority group. Intra-group discouragement, apathy, cynicism, and lack of confidence in the abilities of the other members of the group must operate either to maintain the group's unsatisfactory status or to make that status even more unsatisfactory. A given individual is a member of several groups. A Negro physician, for example, has an attitude-pattern which stems from his racial identity; an attitude-pattern which rises from his professional status; and an attitude-pattern which is due to the fact that he is an American. It is reasonable to expect, then, that the attitudes