Beetroot Extract Research Articles

INVESTIGATING BETANIN STABILITY, RELEASE PROFILE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ETHYL CELLULOSE MICROPARTICLE CONTAINING BEETROOT (BETA VULGARIS, LINN) EXTRACT

Objective: The objective of this research is to evaluate the ability of ethyl cellulose (EC) microparticle to protect the beetroot (Beta vulgaris, Linn) active substance. In addition, this research also investigates the effect of polymer concentration during microparticle preparation toward physical characteristics of microparticle, release profile of betanin as well as antioxidant activity of microparticle. Methods: The microparticle was produced using the emulsification method using various concentrations of EC in the organic phase and beetroot extract as the active substances. The physical characterization was carried out including the imaging of microparticle using scanning electron microscope (SEM), zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency (EE). The stability test for an active substance in microparticle was carried out at temperature 40 °C for 28 d. The release profile was evaluated using the dissolution method and the antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH).Results: The result showed that the EC concentration strongly influenced the physical characteristics and EE of beetroot extract in microparticle. The microparticles also had good protection for betanin during storage. The release of active substance from microparticle following Higuchi kinetic. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the microparticle using EC 20%. Conclusion: The EC microparticle is the potential to protect the degradation of antioxidant substance from natural product. However, the physical properties, EE, the ability to prevent degradation of active substance, release rate and antioxidant activity, are strongly influenced by the EC polymer concentration during microparticle preparation.

Effect of Supplementing Beetroot (Beta Vulgaris Rubra) Powder and Its Aqueous Extract on Productive Performance of Growing Geese

The present study aimed to investigate the influence of supplementing beetroot (Beta vulgaris rubra) powder and its aqueous extract on the productive performance of growing geese. A total of 180 one-day-old goslings chicks of Chinese white geese were randomly distributed among five treatment groups containing three replicates of 12 birds each. Five experimental diets were formulated as follows: Control diet without supplementation (T1). In the second and third treatments, the beetroot extract was supplemented at 15, and 30 (ml/l) in drinking water; 15, and 30 (g/kg) beetroot powder (T4, T5) in basal diet respectively. Results indicated significant (p≤0.05) improvement in average body weight and weight gain from the 2nd to 12th week and total weight gain in treatment T2 and T4, which achieved the highest values compared to the control. As for feed intake, the T3 in the 6th week, T1 in the 8th week, and T2 in the 10th week were consumed a greater amount of feed compared to the other treatments, while no significant differences appeared in the 2, 4, and 12 weeks of age and in the cumulative period. No significant differences in the feed conversion ratio at age 2, 10, and 12 weeks, while the T5 in the 4th week, T2 in the 6th week, and the T4 in the 8th week, and the cumulative period showed the better feed conversion ratio compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, the supplementation of beetroot extract at 15, 30 (ml/l) or beetroot powder at 15, 30 (g/kg) improved the productive performance of growing geese.

Addition of Beetroot Extract to Neoadjuvant Adriamycin Cyclophosphamide Regimen Increased Tumor Cell Apoptosis in Mammary Adenocarcinoma Rats

Apoptosis is one of the anticancer targets. Currently, the concomitant use of phytotherapy products and chemotherapy regimens is common in breast cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the apoptotic effect of adding beetroot extract to the neoadjuvant Adriamycin Cyclophosphamide (AC) regimen by observing the expression levels of p53 and caspase 3 in tumor tissue from mammary adenocarcinoma rats. Twenty-four rats that succeeded in growing tumor nodules were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups: without treatment, AC only treatment, AC plus beetroot extract at dose of 25 and 100 mg/kg BW, respectively. AC was given 4 cycles in doses of 5 and 50 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally every week. Tumor tissue was dissected at 4th week for examination of p53 and caspase 3 expression levels using the qRT-PCR method. The addition of beetroot extract at doses of 25 and 100 mg/kg BW in the neoadjuvant AC regimen showed significantly higher levels of p53 and caspase 3 expression than those with AC treatment alone. These results proved that beetroot extract has a synergistic effect with neoadjuvant AC regimen by increasing tumor cells apoptosis.Keywords: Beetroot extract, Adriamycin, Cyclophosphamide, apoptosis, p53.

Aloe-vera conjugated natural Carbon Quantum dots as Bio-enhancers to accelerate the repair of chronic wounds

Carbon Quantum dots (CQDs) when combined with the traditional wound healing agent, Aloe vera gel can offer a feasible solution to the medical challenge posed by chronic wounds that has been unanswered for decades. CQDs are synthesized from Beet root extract through microwave method and further characterized with UV–vis spectroscopy, FTIR, Photoluminescence and TEM- EDAX to reveal the ultra-small sized (0.5–5 nm) uniformly distributed Carbon Quantum dots that were capable to bind with proteins. The CQDs exhibited antibacterial properties, tissue biocompatibility, cell necrosis and promoted angiogenesis. The wound healing mechanisms are confirmed through scratch-wound recovery assay, the in vitro method and zebra fish groups were utilized to assess the regenerative properties in vivo. The nanoconjugate, CQD with the Aloe-vera, when tropically applied, the healing procedures are fastened. The charge imposed by the CQDs positively serves as bio-enhancers to promote the restorative processes in the wounded region.

Possible Neuroprotective Effect of Red Beetroot Extract on Visual Cortex Injury Induced by Cerebral Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury in Albino Rats

Possible Neuroprotective Effect of Red Beetroot Extract on Visual Cortex Injury Induced by Cerebral Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury in Albino Rats

Protective effect of dietary supplements against streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer’s disease in mice

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative problem that is increased progressively due to the increment of aging worldwide. Phytochemicals play an important role in the protection from neurodegeneration. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of two dietary supplements (DS) rich in betalains, anthocyanins, and omega-3 fatty acids against AD. Methods: Two dietary supplements (DS I and DS II) were prepared; the first one was a mixture of anthocyanin-rich extract of purple carrot and flaxseed oil (DS I), while the second was a mixture of betalains-rich extract of beetroot and flaxseed oil (DS II). The protective effects of both DS were evaluated in an AD model. AD was induced in mice by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (3 mg/kg). Biochemical changes in brain tissue and plasma were determined. Behavioral of mice was evaluated through Y–maze test, Morris water maze, and novel object recognition test. Changes in brain tissues were assessed through histopathological examination. In vitro antioxidant activities of DS I and DS II were evaluated. Also, the contents of total phenolics, anthocyanins, betalains, and fatty acids profile were assessed. Results: Both DS investigated in the present study showed significant improvement (P < 0.05) in acetylcholinesterase, antioxidant enzymes, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA)in brain tissue and butyrylcholinesterase in plasma in association with amelioration in the behavioral tests and histopathological changes of the brain tissue. Conclusion: Both DS showed protective effects against STZ induced AD in mice due to the presence of anthocyanins, betalains, and omega-3 fatty acids.

Protective Activity of Beetroot Extract on Doxorubicin-Induced Hepatic and Renal Toxicity in Rat Model

BACKGROUND: The administration of doxorubicin can increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disrupt the balance of antioxidant defenses triggered a cell damage including liver cells and renal cells. Antioxidant from medicinal plants have play role in protecting the cells against ROS. Beetroot tuber contains various phytochemical compound that has an antioxidant property. AIM: The purpose of the study was to determine the protective effect of beetroot ethanol extract on concurrent use of doxorubicin for 15 days by measuring blood levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, Creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and histopathological changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five male white rats as weighing 180–200 g were divided into five treatment groups. Group I was the normal control group, Group II was a negative control group that only injected doxorubicin with a cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg body weight (BW) for 15 days. Group III-V was the test group given beetroot extract (BE) at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg, respectively, for 15 days with doxorubicin. RESULTS: The group treated with BE at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW could improve serum levels of liver enzymes compared with negative controls (p < 0.05). The group treated with BE at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW also showed an improved effect on creatinine and BUN levels of rats compared to negative controls (p < 0.05). All parameters showed that the protective activity of beetroot ethanol extract was dependent on increasing the dose. CONCLUSION: This research proves that the compound contained in beetroot ethanol extract has protective activity in liver and kidney of rats induced by doxorubicin.

Anticancer effects of root and beet leaf extracts (Beta vulgaris L.) in cervical cancer cells (HeLa).

Cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) has bioactive compounds that can inhibit the progression of different types of cancer. To analyze the antiproliferative effects of beet leaf and root extracts, we performed MTT, clonogenic survival, cell cycle analysis, Annexin/PI labeling, and western blotting. Here, we report that 10 and 100 μg/ml of root and leaf extracts decreased cell viability and potentiated rapamycin and cisplatin effects while decreased the number of large colonies, especially at 10μg/ml (293.6 of control vs. 200.0 of leaf extract, p=.0059; 138.6 of root extract, p=.0002). After 48 hr, 100 μg/ml of both extracts led to increased sub-G1 and G0/G1 populations. In accordance, 100 μg/ml of root extract induced early apoptosis (mean=0.64 control vs. 1.56 root; p=.048) and decreased cell size (p < .0001). Both extracts decreased phosphorylation and expression of mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, especially by inhibiting ribosomal protein S6 (S6) phosphorylation, increasing cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polysomerase 1 (PARP1) and Bcl-2-like protein 11 (BIM), and decreasing cyclin D1 expression, which regulates cell cycle progression. Here, we demonstrate that beetroot and leaf extracts could be an efficient strategy against cervical cancer.

Effect of an Antioxidant Based on Red Beetroot Extract on the Abiotic Stability of Polylactide and Polycaprolactone.

This study investigated the effect of natural antioxidants inherent to beetroot (Beta vulgaris var. Vulgaris) on the ageing of environmentally friendly plastics. Certain properties were examined in this context, comprising thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties. A visual evaluation of relevant changes in the given polymers (polylactide and polycaprolactone) was conducted during an ageing test in a UV chamber (45 °C, 70% humidity) for 720 h. The films were prepared by a casting process, in which samples with the extract of beetroot were additionally incorporated in a common filler (bentonite), this serving as a carrier for the extract. The results showed the effect of the incorporated antioxidant, which was added to stabilize the biodegradable films. Its efficiency during the ageing test in the polymers tended to exceed or be comparable to that of the reference sample.

Dye‐sensitized solar cells based on nickel‐doped tungsten diselenide counter electrodes

AbstractDye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are gaining considerable interest as substitutes to solar cells based on semiconductor thin‐films owing to their cost‐effective and effortless fabrication methods. Efforts are being made to replace counter electrodes (CE) in DSSCs, which are conventionally based on noble metal platinum (Pt). Among the new materials as CE, two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide is one of the most explored to develop Pt‐free DSSCs. We report here the preparation of TiO2‐based DSSCs using beetroot (Beta vulgaris) extracts as sensitizers with carbon‐, pristine‐, and Ni (4%)‐doped WSe2 as the CEs. The Ni (4%) WSe2 CE exhibited a high‐power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.66% under the illumination of 100 mW cm−2. The electrical characteristics, including I‐V, C‐V, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, corroborate the better efficiency of Ni (4%) WSe2 CE. The cost‐effectiveness and efficiencies obtained for Pure and Ni (4%) WSe2 make them a worthy candidate as CE for DSSCs.

Application of food preservatives and food additives in making Maldivian food products

Food additives play a huge role in food safety and development of various food products. Stabilizers are one of the food additives which help in increasing the stability as well as the viscosity of the food products. Stabilizers are found in almost all of the dairy products, desserts and many beverages. In addition, food colours are added to different types of foods to increase shelf life, visual attractiveness and to compensate for natural colour variations. Food dyes utilized in colouring mostly come from natural or artificial sources. The objectives of this study were to produce coconut ice cream using agar-agar stabilizer, conduct a sensory evaluation by a panel of 20 people using Likert scale to see the acceptability of the ice cream. Parameters like melting time and the presence of air bubbles were observed after freezing of the ice cream. Based on the sensory evaluation, for the overall acceptance of the ice cream a score of 9 was given. The results showed that it had a melt run of 130s/g and many air bubbles were formed before and after freezing. In the second part, a traditional Maldivian sweet known as “Ulhaali”was produced by adding beetroot extract into its key ingredient coconut honey or “Dhiyaa hakuru”, and ran a sensory evaluation of the product by a group of 15 participants, in terms of colour, aroma and taste, in order to draw a conclusion regarding the acceptability of the addition of the natural food colourant into the Maldivian sweet. Factors such as the colour retention was observed before and after frying. From the results obtained for the sensory evaluation, the product was highly accepted by the participants as all three descriptors received scores of 8.5 and above out of 10, and after addressing the limitations, the success of the study was rather high.

Protective effect of Beta vulgaris roots supplementation on anemic phenylhydrazine-intoxicated rats.

Anemia is a public health problem that affects many people worldwide. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) is a plant supposed to have many healthy features. The present study was done to evaluate the anti-anemic effect of beetroot supplement on anemia induced by phenylhydrazine in albino rats. Fifty rats were randomly divided into five equal groups. The control group was kept normal rats. In the second group, anemia was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of phenylhydrazine at 60 mg/kg in 3 divided doses daily, for 3 consecutive days. The last three groups received phenylhydrazine as the anemic group. Then, the third group received beetroot extract in dose 200 mg/kg for 24 days. The fourth group received beetroot powder in dose 1000 mg/kg for 24 days. The last group received iron (III) hydroxide polymaltose complex in dose 5mg/kg for 24 days. Our results showed that hemolytic anemia induced by phenylhydrazine in rats caused alteration in the blood picture, iron indices, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant biomarkers, and histopathological picture. However, the supplementation with beetroot ameliorated these alterations, especially beetroot powder which showed powerful health effects compared to beetroot extract and iron preparation.

Evaluation and Formulation of Lip Balm Preparation From Aloe Vera (Aloe Vera) and Bit (Beta Vulgaris) Fruit Extract as Natural Dye

Lip balm is a cosmetic preparation that is useful for moisturizing and shiny lips. The purpose of this study was to formulate lip balm preparations using Bit Fruit Extract (Beta Vulgaris) and to evaluate its effectiveness as a lip moisturizer. Beetroot extract (Beta Vulgaris) was formulated with concentrations of 0%, 6%, 8%, and 10%, as a blank used lip balm base. Tests on lip balm preparations include homogeneity test, pH measurement, irritation test and stability test of the preparation with parameters such as odor, color and pH during 12 weeks of storage. Bit (Beta Vulgaris) extract lip balm with a concentration of 10% can provide a moisturizing effect Lips are best at restoring lip skin after 4 weeks.

FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI FISIK SEDIAAN BLUSH ON EKSTRAK UMBI BIT (Beta vulgaris var. rubra (L.) Moq.). SEBAGAI PEWARNA ALAMI

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris var. Rubra (L.) Moq.). is one of the most useful food ingredients, one of the benefits is to provide a natural color in the manufacture of products. Beetroot contains betasianin, so that the cosmetic formulation of betasianin contained in beetroot produces a red color that can be used as a natural dye for blush. The extraction of betacyanin was carried out by maceration method using 70% ethanol with a ratio of 1: 7. Blush was made into three formulas with different extract concentration variations, namely 25%, 45% and 65%. Each formula was subjected to physical evaluation including organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, adhesion test and preference test. The organoleptic test results of the three formulas had different colors, namely pink to purplish red because the beet root extracts used varied. The results of the pH test in formula 1, formula 2 and formula 3 are 7,10; 6.23 and 5.24 indicate that the first formulation does not meet the good pH requirements, namely 4.5-6.5. The result of adhesion test was 38.5%; 35.6% and 36.7%. The results of the favorite test using SPSS One Way ANOVA in the color category showed that formula 1 was significantly different from formulas 2 and 3, while in the aroma, color and texture categories there was no significant difference between the three blush formulas.

Antimicrobial and antihelminthic activities of beetroot plant

The antimicrobial and antihelminthic activities of beetroot plant was analyzed in this work against some bacterial isolates of clinical significance, the isolates were obtained from the University of Port Harcourt teaching hospital and tested against the beetroot extract. The disc diffusion and well in agar technique was used for the antimicrobial analyzes and the bacteria isolates used include Escherichia coli, Bacillus sp., Klebsiella sp. Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus auerus and Candida albicans. The juice extract of the beetroot ample proved to be more effective on the bacterial isolates than the ethanol extract; the extract was effective against Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp. and Escherichia coli but wasn’t effective on Salmonella sp. and Klebsiella sp. the beetroot samples was less effective on the worm. The phytochemical compounds present in beetroot samples include saponin, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides. From the result obtained in this study, it shows that beetroot plant is very nutritional and can serve as a source of a variety of nutrients and natural occurring chemical compounds.

Formulation of Blush Preparations by Using Natural Coloring from Red Beetroot Extract (&lt;i&gt;Beta vulgaris&lt;/i&gt; L.)

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) has compounds that can be used for body health, beauty skincare, food additives, and much more. This research was aimed to prepare the dry extract of beetroot and formulate it into a loose powder, compact powder, and cream. The preparation was started by adding 2, 4, or 6% of dry extract, then blending the pulp and drying the resultant residue using a freeze dryer. Testing on color homogeneity, polishing, breakage, pH stability, color stability, and the hedonic test was carried out to determine the product quality. The initial result of phytochemical screening showed it might contain flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids, steroids, and quinones. The color stability test performed at 30 °C showed that the cream was unstable while other forms showed fair stability at 8 °C. All dosage forms were homogeneous and could be applied easily. The breakage test showed no fractures. The pH remained stable for all formulas (between 3–5) after 28 days of storage. The color stability test showed that the significant discoloration only happened to the loose powder and cream. The hedonic test showed that the compact powder with a concentration of 6% was the most preferred formula by users.

Beetroot and leaf extracts present protective effects against prostate cancer cells, inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and growth signaling pathways.

Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) has high nutritional value, containing bioactive compounds such as betalains and flavonoids. Scientific evidence points to the use of these natural compounds in the treatment of several types of cancer, such as prostate cancer, one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in men. Here, we compared beet roots and leaves extracts, and their main compounds, apigenin, and betanin, respectively, in DU-145 and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines. Both cells presented the proliferation decreased for beetroot and beet leaves extracts. The apigenin treatment also reduced the proliferation of both cell lines. Regarding cell migration, beet leaves extract was able to decrease the scratch area in both cell lines, whereas apigenin affected only PC-3 cells' migration. In colony formation assay, both extracts were effective in reducing the number of colonies formed. Besides, the beet leaves extracts and apigenin presented strong inhibition of growth-related signaling pathways in both cell lines, and the beetroot extract and betanin presented effects only in DU-145 cells. Furthermore, the extracts and isolated compounds were able to reduce the levels of apoptotic and cell cycle proteins. This study reveals that beet extracts have important anti-cancer effects against prostate cancer cells.

Stirred yogurt added with beetroot extracts as an antioxidant source: Rheological, sensory, and physicochemical characteristics

Beetroot (liquid or lyophilized) was added to whole milk stirred yogurt to evaluate its antioxidant activity, rheological (flow behavior and apparent viscosity), sensory (color, flavor, odor, texture, general acceptability, and preference of yogurt), and physicochemical (protein, fat, ash, humidity, syneresis, and pH) characteristics. Yogurt added with lyophilized beetroot extract encapsulated with maltodextrin had higher sensory quality and antioxidant activity (p < .05). The addition of encapsulated beetroot extract did not modify (p < .05) the rheological characteristics but significantly reduced syneresis and increased protein content and antioxidant activity (p < .05). These results indicated that encapsulated beetroot extracts represent an option to manufacture yogurt with added antioxidant activity. Practical applications In the last year, consumption of yogurt has increased due to its recognition as a functional food. Meanwhile, foods with antioxidant capacity have gain popularity among consumers. In this study, different beetroot extracts were added to yogurt as an antioxidant source while its rheology characteristics and acceptability were studied. Encapsulated beetroot extracts are promising ingredients to manufacture yogurt with added antioxidant activity. Therefore, we believe that this work can have an impact in advancing our understanding of how beetroot extracts added to yogurts changes their acceptance and physicochemical characteristics within the context of value-added in yogurt production.

Protective effect beetroot Beta vulgaris extract against H2O2 Induced Oxidative stress in U87MG glioma cells

The study on neurodegenerative associated disorders is of immense clinical interest. Thus in the present investigation hydrogen peroxide was chosen as a precursor to induce oxidative cell damage in the cell cultures. The pigment extracted from red beetroot (Beta vulgaris) was analyzed by quantification of betalains by HPTLC, which revealed that the extract was made of two pig-ments, red and yellow. The red pigment was quantified which was 635ng/20μl (31.75mg/ml). The total phenolics and tannic in the extracts were reported to be 0.031μg/ml and 19.232mg/ml. 200μM of H2O2 was used for ROS production. MTT assay was performed showed the H2O2 treatment resulted in a decrease of cell viability percentage by 46.75 ± 0.018. While the beetroot extract at 10mg/ml increases the cell viability percentage to 55.58± 0.020 in 30min of pre-treatment, but no significant change was observed in post-treatment. Catalase value was highest at 20mg/ml of beet extract (4229.8864μmol of H2O2 consumed/min/mg protein). LDH value 531.67μM/ml in cell lysate, whereas in the LDH exudate highest value recorded was 646.25μM/ml, Catalase exudate activity were higher in both pre and post-treated cells, values were recorded as 4229.88μmol of H2O2 consumed/min/mg protein and 4048.09μmol of H2O2 consumed/min/mg protein respective-ly. Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity in post-treated cells was below the H2O2 treatment. In pre-treated cells, all the cells showed lower AChE specific activity in comparison to H2O2 treated cells. The present findings from our work exhibited the protective ability of the red beetroot (Beta vulgaris) against the oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide.

Antihypersensitivity effect of betanin (red beetroot extract) via modulation of microglial activation in a mouse model of neuropathic pain.

Neuropathic pain (NeP) medications have several side effects that affect NeP patients' quality of life. Betanin, the most common betacyanin pigment, has been shown to have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vivo; thus, it has potential as a healthcare treatment. In this study, we focused on betanin (red beetroot extract) as a potential therapy for NeP. Mice model of NeP were made by chronic constriction injury (CCI), and the development of mechanical hypersensitivity was confirmed using the von Frey test. Motor coordination and locomotor activity were assessed using open field tests and rotarod tests, respectively. The expression level of glial markers in the spinal cords was analyzed by immunostaining. The direct effects of betanin on microglial cells were investigated using primary cultured microglial cells. In CCI model mice, repeated betanin treatment, both intraperitoneally and orally, attenuated developing mechanical hypersensitivity in a dose-dependent manner without impairing motor coordination. Betanin treatment also attenuated mechanical hypersensitivity that had developed and prevented the onset of mechanical hypersensitivity in CCI mice. Microglial activation in the spinal cord is known to play a key role in the development of NeP; betanin treatment reduced CCI-induced microglial activation in the spinal cord of model mice. Moreover, in primary microglia cultured cells, the activation of microglia by lipopolysaccharide application was suppressed by betanin treatment. Betanin treatment appears to ameliorate mechanical hypersensitivity related to CCI-induced NeP in mice by inhibiting microglial activation. This article supports findings of the effect of betanin on NeP and provides a potential therapeutic candidate for NeP. Furthermore, elucidating the underlying mechanism of the effect of betanin on microglial activation could assist the development of new treatments for chronic pain.