Abstract
Objective: The objective of this research is to evaluate the ability of ethyl cellulose (EC) microparticle to protect the beetroot (Beta vulgaris, Linn) active substance. In addition, this research also investigates the effect of polymer concentration during microparticle preparation toward physical characteristics of microparticle, release profile of betanin as well as antioxidant activity of microparticle. Methods: The microparticle was produced using the emulsification method using various concentrations of EC in the organic phase and beetroot extract as the active substances. The physical characterization was carried out including the imaging of microparticle using scanning electron microscope (SEM), zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency (EE). The stability test for an active substance in microparticle was carried out at temperature 40 °C for 28 d. The release profile was evaluated using the dissolution method and the antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH).Results: The result showed that the EC concentration strongly influenced the physical characteristics and EE of beetroot extract in microparticle. The microparticles also had good protection for betanin during storage. The release of active substance from microparticle following Higuchi kinetic. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the microparticle using EC 20%. Conclusion: The EC microparticle is the potential to protect the degradation of antioxidant substance from natural product. However, the physical properties, EE, the ability to prevent degradation of active substance, release rate and antioxidant activity, are strongly influenced by the EC polymer concentration during microparticle preparation.
Highlights
The use of natural ingredients as active ingredients in cosmetics is becoming popular, especially in relation to efforts to prevent premature aging of the skin by using antioxidants
We investigated the effect of ethyl cellulose (EC) concentration used in microparticles preparation toward the stability of betanin in beetroot MP, release profile of the active substances and their antioxidant activity
The emulsification method was used to produce microparticles containing beetroot extract based on the properties of the EC and beetroot extract
Summary
The use of natural ingredients as active ingredients in cosmetics is becoming popular, especially in relation to efforts to prevent premature aging of the skin by using antioxidants. The antioxidant compounds in beetroot is unstable due to changes in temperature, light, heat and changes in pH [2]. The stability of this active substance can be maintained using microencapsulation or microparticle technology. Microparticle (MP) has the ability to protect the active ingredients from factors that cause damage, such as changes in temperature, humidity, oxygen and microorganisms [3, 4]. In the manufacture of microparticles, a matrix is the essential part for the encapsulation process which is expected to protect and control the release of the active substance. Ethylcellulose (EC) is a polymer that has resistance to temperature changes [6]; it is expected to increase the stability of the active substance encapsulated in it. The EC matrix has the property of being soluble in organic solvents; the formation of microparticles using EC is highly dependent on the rate of the evaporation rate of the organic solvent used in the process
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