Beet Molasses Research Articles

Powdered Activated Carbon Treatment of Sugar Beet Molasses for Liquid Invert Sugar Production: Effects of Storage Time and Temperatures

Powdered Activated Carbon Treatment of Sugar Beet Molasses for Liquid Invert Sugar Production: Effects of Storage Time and Temperatures

Direct Isomaltulose Synthesis From Beet Molasses by Immobilized Sucrose Isomerase

Isomaltulose is becoming a focus as a functional sweetener for sucrose substitutes; however, isomaltulose production using sucrose as the substrate is not economical. Low-cost feedstocks are needed for their production. In this study, beet molasses (BM) was introduced as the substrate to produce isomaltulose for the first time. Immobilized sucrose isomerase (SIase) was proved as the most efficient biocatalyst for isomaltulose synthesis from sulfuric acid (H2SO4) pretreated BM followed by centrifugation for the removal of insoluble matters and reducing viscosity. The effect of different factors on isomaltulose production is investigated. The isomaltulose still achieved a high concentration of 446.4 ± 5.5 g/L (purity of 85.8%) with a yield of 0.94 ± 0.02 g/g under the best conditions (800 g/L pretreated BM, 15 U immobilized SIase/g dosage, 40°C, pH of 5.5, and 10 h) in the eighth batch. Immobilized SIase used in repeated batch reaction showed good reusability to convert pretreated BM into isomaltulose since the sucrose conversion rate remained 97.5% in the same batch and even above 94% after 11 batches. Significant cost reduction of feedstock costs was also confirmed by economic analysis. The findings indicated that this two-step process to produce isomaltulose using low-cost BM and immobilized SIase is feasible. This process has the potential to be effective and promising for industrial production and application of isomaltulose as a functional sweetener for sucrose substitute.

ELECTROCHEMICAL CORRECTION OF THE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF BEET MOLASSES

Application of sugar beet molasses as a secondary resource for the extraction of sugar is a topical issue, which will reduce the loss of sucrose during the processing of sugar beets and increase the economic efficiency of the sugar industry of the Republic of Belarus. Initially it is necessary to reduce the ash content for further desugarisation molasses. This study investigated removal of the ash content of the beet molasses solution with electromembrane equipment applying. The article reflects the results of studies on the possibility of reducing the salinity of a solution of beet molasses using electrodialysis at various voltages applied to the electrodes from 10 to 30 V. In the initial raw material and the final product, the electrical conductivity, optical
 density and dry matter content were determined, on the basis of which a conclusion was made about the expediency of using electrodialysis.

The food industry by-products in bread making: single and combined effect of carob pod flour, sugar beet fibers and molasses on dough rheology, quality and food safety.

Obtaining high-quality value-added bread with extended shelf-life by utilizing food industry by-products that would have minimal negative effect on gluten structure while avoiding the usage of synthetic preservatives, was the challenge of this study. For this purpose the influence of the combination of carob pod flour (C, 0-15%), sugar beet fibers (F, 0-10%) and sugar beet molasses (M, 0-6%) on dough rheology and bread quality was investigated. Selected materials were of good microbiological quality, while carob flour and sugar beet fibers were rich in dietary fibers (43.6% and 67.0%, respectively). The presence of high share of dietary fibers (combination of C and F) increased dough resistance to extension up to 2.5 times, while dough extensibility was reduced by 50%. The addition of molasses had less pronounced single effect on dough properties however its impact in combination with fiber-rich materials outweighed the individual effect (an increase of dough resistance at about 55%). Molasses alone and in combination with other ingredients had positive effect on bread quality. Sample M6F5 attained crumb quality score (6.0 of maximum 7.0) higher than in control sample (5.6). High share of C and F reduced loaf volume and crumb quality of bread up to 56% and 50%, respectively and increased hardness 7.5 times. However, carob flour (7.5%) increased polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity 3 and 4 times, respectively. Moreover, carob flour and molasses and their combination showed inhibitory effect on mold mycelia growth and spores formation. Regarding all of the above, C7.5M3F5 was chosen as optimal sample.

Optimization of Yeast, Sugar and Nutrient Concentrations for High Ethanol Production Rate Using Industrial Sugar Beet Molasses and Response Surface Methodology

Among the various agro-industrial by-products, sugar beet molasses produced by sugar refineries appear as a potential feedstock for ethanol production through yeast fermentation. A response surface methodology (RSM) was developed to better understand the effect of three process parameters (concentration of nutrient, yeast and initial sugar) on the ethanol productivity using diluted sugar beet molasses and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. The first set of experiments performed at lab-scale indicated that the addition of 4 g/L of nutrient combined with a minimum of 0.2 g/L of yeast as well as a sugar concentration lower than 225 g/L was required to achieve high ethanol productivities (>15 g/L/d). The optimization allowed to considerably reduce the amount of yeast initially introduced in the fermentation substrate while still maximizing both ethanol productivity and yield process responses. Finally, scale-up assays were carried out in 7.5 and 100 L bioreactors using the optimal conditions: 150 g/L of initial sugar concentration, 0.27 g/L of yeast and 4 g/L of nutrient. Within 48 h of incubation, up to 65 g/L of ethanol were produced for both scales, corresponding to an average ethanol yield and sugar utilization rate of 82% and 85%, respectively. The results obtained in this study highlight the use of sugar beet molasses as a low-cost food residue for the sustainable production of bioethanol.

Inclusion of multiple climate tipping as a new impact category in life cycle assessment of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-based plastics

The merits of temporary carbon storage are often debated for bio-based and biodegradable plastics. We employed life cycle assessment (LCA) to assess environmental performance of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-based plastics, considering multiple climate tipping as a new life cycle impact category. It accounts for the contribution of GHG emissions to trigger climate tipping points in the Earth system, considering in total 13 tipping elements that could pass a tipping point with increasing warming. The PHA was either laminated with poly(lactic acid), or metallized with aluminum or aluminum oxides to lower permeability of the resulting plastics toward oxygen, water vapor and aromas. The assessments were made accounting for potential differences in kinetics of evolution of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4) from bioplastic degradation in the end-of-life. Results show that: (1) PHA films with high biodegradability perform best in relation to the climate tipping, but are not necessarily the best in relation to radiative forcing increase or global temperature change; (2) sugar beet molasses used as feedstock is an environmental hot spot, contributing significantly to a wide range of environmental problems; (3) increasing PHA production scale from pilot to full commercial scale increases environmental impacts, mainly due to decreasing PHA yield; and (4) further process optimization is necessary for the PHA-based plastics to become attractive alternatives to fossil-based plastics. Our study suggests that multiple climate tipping is a relevant impact category for LCA of biodegradable bioplastics.

THE COMPARATIVE STUDY ON TWO COMMERCIAL STRAINS OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM HARD-TO-FERMENT SUGAR-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS

The growth of bioethanol production in Ukraine is practical for both environmental and economic reasons. To reduce the cost of bioethanol production from sugar-containing raw materials, in particular, sugar beet molasses, it is effective to use high gravity wort and osmotolerant yeasts strains. Due to long exposure to high temperatures during sugar production and because of changes in the composition during storage, molasses accumulates compounds that adversely affect the function of yeast cells. For this type of raw material, a yeast strain should be found that will not only withstand high concentrations of sugars or the finished product, but will also be more resistant to inhibitors. The use of two industrial yeast strains (Deltaferm® AL-18 and Y 5007 (K-7)) for fermentation of high gravity molasses wort has been considered. It has been determined that sugar beet molasses, which is hard-to-ferment, can be used to produce ethanol from high gravity wort if some corrective measures are taken, in particular, resistant producer strains are used. It has been found that the yeast Deltaferm® AL-18 has a longer lag phase and consumes 50–60% of carbohydrates from the medium by 24 hours later than the yeast strain Y 5007 (K-7) does. It has been established how the parameters of the wash change depending on what yeast strains ferment high gravity wort based on hard-to-ferment molasses. It has been found that when using high gravity wort obtained from low-quality molasses, the yeast strain of foreign selective breeding does not allow achieving the calculated alcohol content in the fermented wash. According to the research results, under the same fermentation conditions, the distiller’s yeast strain Y 5007 (K-7) is more effective in fermenting high gravity wort based on hard-to-ferment molasses. Unlike it is with dry yeast, the industrial use of this strain according to the classical two-stream fermentation scheme does not require additional investments.

An investigation on the environmental impacts and energy efficiency of biogas and bioethanol production from sugarcane and sugar beet molasses: A case study

ABSTRACT This study presents a comparison in terms of both environmental effect/energy efficiency of different designs of the process for sugarcane/sugar beet molasses-based bioethanol. In the present work, two scenarios were designed/compared, including the production of sugarcane-based (Scenario 1) and sugar beet molasses bioethanol (Scenario 2) in Khuzestan Province as an agricultural hub of Iran. Furthermore, an improved process, including a biogas production line from the residual vinasse from the distillation of molasses for bioethanol obtaining is presented, both from sugarcane (scenario 3) and sugar beet (scenario 4), and life cycle assessment (LCA) method was employed for determination of environmental impacts. The results, in terms of net energy value (NEV), i.e. the difference between the energy content of ethanol and the energy used in its production and distribution, were very similar as 11.03 MJ and 11.15 MJ, respectively. Nevertheless, the results of the environmental impact analysis indicated that bioethanol production from sugarcane molasses had a higher impact compared to the sugar beet in terms of global warming potential, fossil, and metal depletion, particulate matter formation, human toxicity, and climate change ecosystems. Furthermore, the addition of the biogas production plant from the residual vinasse (scenarios 3 and 4) resulted in a considerable reduction of all studied environmental impacts (i.e., climate change, human toxicity, ozone depletion, photochemical oxidant formation, terrestrial acidification, freshwater ecotoxicity, marine ecotoxicity, ionizing radiation, fossil depletion, and global warming). As an example, by applying scenarios 3 and 4, the global warming potential for sugarcane and sugar beet was reduced by 61.2% and 83%, and the climate change decreased by 61% and 81% for bioethanol production from sugarcane and sugar beet, respectively.

Integration of First- and Second-generation Bioethanol Production from Beet molasses and Distillery Stillage After Dilute Sulfuric Acid Pretreatment

The possibility of using waste distillery stillage (first-generation technology) after dilute acid pretreatment, as a medium for the preparation of beet molasses mash, for ethanol production according to the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) technology, was assessed. The combination of lignocellulosic hydrolysates made from acid-pretreated stillage with sugar-rich beet molasses is an effective way of utilizing the first-generation ethanol production by-products in the second-generation ethanol production technology. It was demonstrated that the final ethanol concentration could be as high as 90 g/L. The process yield was over 94% of the theoretical yield when the molasses was diluted using acid-pretreated maize distillery stillage. An attempt to increase the pool of fermentable sugars by using cellulases to hydrolyze cellulose failed due to product inhibition in the fermentation medium with a high glucose concentration. A more than threefold increase in the concentration of ethyl acetate (even up to 924.4±11.8 mg/L) was observed in the distillates obtained from the media incubated with cellulases. The use of beet molasses combined with the hydrolysate of pretreated distillery stillage also changed the concentration of other volatile by-products. An increase in the concentration of aldehydes (mainly acetaldehyde to a concentration of above 1500 mg/L), methanol, 1-propanol, and 1-butanol was observed, while the concentration of higher alcohols (isobutanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol) decreased. Interestingly, the use of cellulases in fermentation media from molasses and stillage hydrolysates resulted in an average fourfold increase in the concentration of this ester to a maximum level of 924.4±11.8 mg/L. Hydrolysates made from acid-pretreated distillery stillage, combined with sugar-rich beet molasses to boost the efficiency of the conversion process, can be successfully used in the production of second-generation fuel ethanol. However, further optimization of the cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis process is required for efficient use of the raw material.

By-products of sugar factories and wineries as feedstocks for erythritol generation

Erythritol – a polyol suitable for human nutrition – is industrially produced by microorganisms from costly glucose-rich or starch-rich feedstocks. However, the utilization of sugary by-products from food industries could significantly reduce process costs. This study examined erythritol production from sugarcane molasses, beet molasses and surplus grape musts, by comparing four fungal strains. Beet molasses presented toxic effects on microorganisms, which hampered erythritol production to a certain extent. Moniliella pollinis attained erythritol production yields of 0.239±0.001g/g from sugarcane molasses (106.40±0.42g/L erythritol), 0.229±0.003g/g from beet molasses (57.78±1.52g/L), 0.362±0.005g/g from red grape must (96.26±1.31g/L) and 0.383±0.004g/g from rosé grape must (92.84±0.98g/L), with nearly total sugar consumption in 6–9 days. In comparison, control tests with a valuable feedstock (beet syrup) reached erythritol yields of 0.327±0.009g/g (126.78±3.21g/L). Therefore, erythritol production could be considered as a viable route in certain food industries aiming at market diversification.

Mitigating ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from stored cattle slurry using agricultural waste, commercially available products and a chemical acidifier

The production of bovine slurry and its subsequent storage are significant sources of ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gases (GHGs). Chemical acidification of manures has been shown to significantly reduce these emissions. Waste products, derived from food processing and on-farm practices, may be used as “natural” acidifiers. However, the efficacy of these products in reducing pH and any subsequent emissions are unknown. Commercial “slurry improvers” or “additives” may also be a viable mitigation option; however, their effectiveness is questionable. This study investigated the efficacy and cost of a range of waste and commercial amendments and a chemical acidifier, ferric chloride (FeCl3), to identify the most effective amendment for NH3 and GHG emissions reduction. Ammonia abatement potential was observed for 5% sugar beet molasses (67% reduction), 7% apple pulp (49% reduction), and 7% grass silage (38% reduction). Methane (CH4) emissions were reduced only by spent brewers’ grain, sugarbeet molasses, and grass silage effluent at the higher inclusions (i.e. amounts added), with reductions ranging from 15% to 70%. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were significantly increased with the addition of waste amendments. Commercially available additives had little impact on emissions, with the exception of one treatment, which reduced CH4 by approximately 10%. Ferric chloride reduced NH3 emissions by 20%–68%, CH4 by 6%–65%, and CO2 by 6%–38%, depending on the inclusion. All waste amendments had low marginal abatement costs ranging from -€0.46 to €0.88 kg−1 NH3 abated compared to FeCl3 and commercial amendments (€1.80 to €231 kg−1 NH3). This incubation experiment demonstrated that a range of on-farm and industry waste streams could be valorised to reduce NH3 emissions. However, many of these may result in higher CH4 and CO2 emissions due to input of labile carbon sources. Therefore, based on the results of the current study, it is recommended that sugarbeet molasses and ferric chloride, at 5% and 1.1% inclusions respectively, be examined in field experiments.

Prospect of using beet molasses in the production of synthetic rubbers

The production of high-molecular compounds requires improvement in manufacturing technology. Promising instrumentation of technological processes, new raw materials are being introduced, that in some cases makes it possible to improve the composite materials, use valuable hydrocarbon raw materials more fully and efficiently, and reduce the pressure on the environmental. All this applies to the production of synthetic rubbers. It is important to select new coagulating systems used in the technology of rubber separation from latex, since the coagulation stage is one of the most material-intensive and energy-intensive and problematic from an environmental perspective. In this paper, we studied the possibility of using a beet-sugar production by-product - beet molasses - in the technology for producing styrene-butadiene rubber of the SKS-30 ARK brand to reduce the aggregative stability of latex systems. The completeness of rubber separation was achieved at consumption of 200 kg / t and sulfuric acid consumption of 15 kg / t of rubber. In this case, the pH of the system increased from 3 to 5.5. Increasing the consumption of sulfuric acid to 40 kg / t of rubber allowed reducing the consumption of molasses to 90 kg / t of rubber and stabilizing the acidity of the coagulated system. Synergism in the action of these components was established for the first time and allowed reducing the consumption of coagulating agent by 2–3 times. Synergism of these components was first established and allowed reducing the consumption of a coagulating agent by a factor of 2–3. Based on the rubber obtained, rubber mixtures were prepared using standard components and vulcanized. Rubber based on SKS-30 ARK meets the requirements.

Dynamics and Complexity of Dark Fermentation Microbial Communities Producing Hydrogen From Sugar Beet Molasses in Continuously Operating Packed Bed Reactors.

This study describes the dynamics and complexity of microbial communities producing hydrogen-rich fermentation gas from sugar-beet molasses in five packed-bed reactors (PBRs). The bioreactors constitute a part of a system producing hydrogen from the by-products of the sugar-beet industry that has been operating continuously in one of the Polish sugar factories. PBRs with different working volumes, packing materials, construction and inocula were tested. This study focused on analysis (based on 16S rRNA profiling and shotgun metagenomics sequencing) of the microbial communities selected in the PBRs under the conditions of high (>100 cm3/g COD of molasses) and low (<50 cm3/g COD of molasses) efficiencies of hydrogen production. The stability and efficiency of the hydrogen production are determined by the composition of dark fermentation microbial communities. The most striking difference between the tested samples is the ratio of hydrogen producers to lactic acid bacteria. The highest efficiency of hydrogen production (130–160 cm3/g COD of molasses) was achieved at the ratios of HPB to LAB ≈ 4:2.5 or 2.5:1 as determined by 16S rRNA sequencing or shotgun metagenomics sequencing, respectively. The most abundant Clostridium species were C. pasteurianum and C. tyrobutyricum. A multiple predominance of LAB over HPB (3:1–4:1) or clostridia over LAB (5:1–60:1) results in decreased hydrogen production. Inhibition of hydrogen production was illustrated by overproduction of short chain fatty acids and ethanol. Furthermore, concentration of ethanol might be a relevant marker or factor promoting a metabolic shift in the DF bioreactors processing carbohydrates from hydrogen-yielding toward lactic acid fermentation or solventogenic pathways. The novelty of this study is identifying a community balance between hydrogen producers and lactic acid bacteria for stable hydrogen producing systems. The balance stems from long-term selection of hydrogen-producing microbial community, operating conditions such as bioreactor construction, packing material, hydraulic retention time and substrate concentration. This finding is confirmed by additional analysis of the proportions between HPB and LAB in dark fermentation bioreactors from other studies. The results contribute to the advance of knowledge in the area of relationships and nutritional interactions especially the cross-feeding of lactate between bacteria in dark fermentation microbial communities.

Dietary beet molasses enhanced immunity system of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to copper nano oxide, CuO-NP

The present study conducted on evaluating the effects of feeding with molasses along with exposure to copper nanoparticles (CuO-NP) on blood, serum and mucus immunity indices of Cyprinus carpio. The results showed that the blood indices, serum and mucus immunity enhanced significantly compare to the control group (P < 0.05). CuO-NP is a compound with sevral negative effects on blood, serum and mucus immunological indices of common carp. The findings of the present study revealed that molasssupplementation could alleviate the negative effects of nanocopper oxide exposure on: blood (Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin, Mean Corpuscular Volume, Monocyte, Lymphocytes), serum (Total protein, Aspartate transaminase, Alkaline phosphatase), mucus (Lysozyme, Alkaline phosphatase) indices. considering the desirable effects of beet molasses on the reduction or suppression of physiological effects of CuO-NP in common carp, using molass in rearing aquatic species diets could be suggested as a protective solution.

Exploration of Cupriavidus necator ATCC 25207 for the Production of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Using Acid Treated Beet Molasses

Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a good alternative to petroleum-based plastics due to its biodegradable and biocompatible properties. In the present work, Cupriavidus necator ATCC 25207 was used for the first time to produce PHB using fructose, glucose, and acid or enzyme hydrolyzed molasses, a cheap carbon source. The bacterium produced highest PHB with 4.99 g/L, 3.94 g/L, and 15.28 g/L using fructose, glucose, and acid hydrolyzed molasses, respectively. Sulfuric acid and invertase treated molasses yielded 1288% and 529% more PHB than untreated molasses. In addition, acid treated molasses resulted in 151% more PHB but 34.04% less cell growth than enzyme hydrolyzed molasses. This novel finding could have applications in fermentations using molasses in growth or production media. The utilization of glucose by the bacterium was increased by 67.03% through spontaneous mutagenesis. The characterizations of the produced polymers were carried out using FTIR, NMR, XRD, DSC, TGA, and GPC. The molecular weights of PHB samples from acid hydrolyzed molasses and fructose are 3.84 $$\times $$ 105 and 1.43 $$\times $$ 106 g/mol, respectively. This study shows that C. necator ATCC 25207 has a potential to be used in PHB production using acid hydrolyzed molasses.

Utilization of orange pulp and corn steep liquor for L-methioninase production by Wickerhamomyces subpelliculosus

Background and objective L-methioninase has attracted much attention with respect to its proposed applications in both pharmaceuticals and food industry. The aim of this study was to develop an economic medium formulation using agro-industrial by-products as substrates for large-scale production of L-methioninase. Materials and methods Identification of a high L-methioninase-producing yeast isolate was carried out using 18S rRNA molecular technique. Screening of various agro-industrial by-products and optimization of different process parameters were investigated. Partial purification and characterization of a crude enzyme were carried out. Results and discussion A high L-methioninase-producing yeast isolate was phylogenetically identified as Wickerhamomyces subpelliculosus. Among different agro-industrial by-products tested, orange pulp supported maximum enzyme production (94.08 U/ml) followed by cane and beet molasses. In addition, corn steep liquor (CSL) gave high enzyme level (141.12 U/ml) and could be used as an inexpensive alternate for yeast extract. The optimum growth conditions were found to be orange pulp 30% (w/v), CSL 4% (v/v), CaCl2 0.05%, and KH2PO4 0.05% (w/v) at pH 6.0 after 48 h of incubation. This developed medium formulation increased L-methioninase production (161.95 U/ml) by twofold compared with that obtained by the Czapek–Dox’s medium (73.92 U/ml). Crude enzyme was partially purified by heat treatment at 70°C with 2.9 purification fold. The enzyme activity was optimal at temperature 60°C and pH 7.0. The results showed that a mixed formulation of orange pulp and CSL can be used as an effective and economic substrate for the production of L-methioninase by W. subpelliculosus.

In vitro evaluation of sugar digestibility in molasses

Beet and cane molasses mainly contain mono- di-, and tri-saccharides, composed by hexoses, as well as pentoses in traces. However, rationing software consider sugars as only one entity, with a rate of digestion ∼20% h−1. The aim of this initial study was to investigate and evaluate the in vitro digestion dynamics and rates of the sugar fraction in molasses. Three beet and three cane molasses were randomly selected from a variety of samples collected world-wide and digested via in vitro rumen fermentation, at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h. Samples were then analysed with a specific enzymatic kit to quantify residual sucrose, glucose, fructose, raffinose, galactose, and arabinose. Complete disappearance of sucrose happened within 3 hours of incubation. Glucose and fructose were completely digested within 4-6 h, showing variability among samples. Even if not so representative, galactose showed a similar trend of digestion (97% digestion within 3-4 h). Raffinose was quite slower in cane molasses, while it was completely digested within 1 h in beet molasses. Arabinose, a pentose, never reached a complete digestion, and its fermentation dynamic was different compared to other sugars. Calculated rates of digestion for sucrose, glucose and fructose, most representative sugars in molasses, were higher than 50% h−1 in both cane and beet. Obtained results showed that sugar fraction in molasses may vary, and different sugars are rapidly fermented by rumen microbes. Modern rationing models should consider a modification of sugar rates of digestion, since the actual one appears too slow than those observed in vitro. Highlights Molasses are unique blends of several sugars Major sugars are digested in few hours Rationing software should consider a faster rate of digestion for different sugars

Concept and principles of development of a new generation symbiotic preparation

The article presents the results of the research on the cultivation of B. bifidum and B. subtillis in a high-carbohydrate nutrient medium composed of beet molasses, obtaining metabolites and scientific and practical substantiation of the resulting culture liquid as a biologically active additive. The material of the laboratory studies was sugar beet molasses of 5%-10%-15%-20%-25% concentrations. The studies used the probiotic microorganism B. bifidum, strain No. 1 and B. subtilis, strain DSM-3242. To obtain bacterial concentrate, a daily culture of microorganisms was used, which was standardized to 1×106 CFU / cm3. The testing process was carried out according to the indicators of the mass fraction of fermented sugars, determined by the calculation method, branch standard OCT 18-395-82. The number of CFU was calculated in the Goryaev chamber using the method of GPhA (General Pharmacopeic Article) 1.7.2.0008.15. The content of amino acids, vitamins, and organic acids in the culture fluid was determined by capillary electrophoresis in the device “Drops”. During the cultivation of B. bifidum and B. subtillis, a certain metabolic activity of their vitality was found, which is expressed in a decrease in the mass fraction of the amount of fermented sugars in the range of 53.7% to 23.7%. The hydrogen index is from 6.70 to 3.77 in experimental samples of molasses. The number of B. bifidum and B. subtillis CFUs cultivated on 5% molasses on the second day reached 7x106 CFU/cm3 and 8.2 × 106 cm3. In other concentrations, a maximum indicator of the number of microorganisms occurred on the third day and did not exceed 6.6 and 7 × 106 CFU/cm3. A significant synthesis of metabolites in the form of indispensable and conditionally dispensable amino acids and organic acids was determined. The dynamics of amino acid synthesis is consistent with the amylolytic and enzymatic activity of microorganisms in the molasses culture medium. In this case the level of enzymes is directly dependent on the number of CFU.

Impact of Ultrasound and Medium Condition on Selenium-Enriched Yeast Production from Sugar Beet Molasses and Date Waste

The growth and Selenium biotransformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were optimized by treatment with ultrasonication. Fifteen process variables had a potential influence on the content of organic selenium, including duration of ultrasound, power of ultrasound, inoculum treatment with ultrasound, duty cycle, growth phase, incubation time, shaking rate, different types of carbon sources (molasses and date waste), the concentrations carbon source, inorganic salts concentration (Se, Zn, Mg, and K), nitrogen sources (ammonium chloride and yeast extract) and their concentrations, were screened using Plackett–Burman design to determine the main parameters. Four parameters significant parameters including selenium concentration, degree of brix, ultrasonic power, and duty cycle, were further optimized using Box–Behnken design to achieve optimum fermentation conditions. The results showed that optimization of these parameters could lead to a rise in the content of selenium, resulting in a successful enhancement (2.78-fold) in the accumulation of selenium by S. cerevisia.

Investigation of the adhesion properties of organic dust suppressants

The authors of the article have developed and proposed for use a new environmentally safe organic dust suppressing compound. The article presents an overview and analysis of the most common organic dust suppressants , describes their features and characteristics. Methods for determining the adhesive properties of solutions have been studied, a proprietary technique has been proposed, and a stand has been developed for assessing the adhesive properties of dust-suppressing solutions applied to dusty surfaces of highways. The adhesion ability of environmentally safe dust control solutions, which have a natural basis and are used for dedusting linear and area sources of dust formation, was evaluated and analyzed. It was found that ginger oil has the lowest adhesion capacity (225.8 Pa), the highest is an aqueous solution of beet molasses (414.9 Pa).