Beekeeping Production Research Articles

Evaluation of honey as a dessert in hotel and restaurant complexes

Beekeeping products, including flower honey, are widely used in hotel and restaurant complexes. In this article, we provide data on the chemical composition of flower honey used in hotel and restaurant complexes of the Bilotserkiv region. Samples of flower honey from different producers, which are used as a dessert in hotel and restaurant complexes of Bilotserkivsk region, were selected for the study. The first samples (№ 1) are floral honey used by hotel and restaurant complexes located in the center of the city of Bila Tserkva; the 2nd samples are floral honey served in hotel and restaurant complexes located on the outskirts of the city; the third samples are floral honey that used in hotel and restaurant complexes of Bilotserkiv district. Prepackaged honey samples were 50 g each. Our study aimed to determine the content, moisture, sugars, and mineral elements of flower honey from different producers. The analysis of the studied samples of honey was carried out using laboratory studies, which were carried out in the conditions of the scientific laboratory of the Department of Food Safety and Quality, Raw Materials, and Technological Processes of the Belotserkiv National Agrarian University. The research was conducted following the national standard of Ukraine SSTC 4497.2005 according to generally accepted methods. According to the results of the analysis of samples of flower honey, which is included in the diet of visitors to hotel and restaurant complexes of Bilotserkivsk region, it can be concluded that the moisture content of these samples ranges from 17 to 19 %, the glucose content from 33 to 39%, glucose 35–40 %, and maltose 0.3–1.1 %, which meets the requirements of SSTC 4497:2005. It was established that the lowest content of mineral elements was found in the first sample of flower honey. Therefore, the research results showed that the chemical composition of honey, included in the diet of visitors to hotel and restaurant complexes of Bilotserkivsk region, meets the requirements of the national state standard.

Honey, pollen and propolis in therapeutic treatments for COVID-19

The study aimed to characterize the therapeutic benefits of honey and other beehive products to determine the feasibility of rural beekeeping production; The research was carried out in 30 apiaries of peasant communities in 7 cantons of the province of Manabí, namely: Portoviejo, Rocafuerte, Bolívar, Santa Ana, Montecristi, Chone and Pichincha; an intentional sampling was applied, the qualitative-quantitative approach, a non-experimental descriptive design; For data collection, the survey technique was applied to beekeepers, the analytical method to perform the analysis of the results of the applied survey. As a result of the bibliographic review, multiple therapeutic benefits of honey, pollen, propolis, apitoxin, royal jelly were obtained, among which their immunomodulatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, healing properties, among others specific to each product, stand out. The feasibility of the rural beekeeping activity was determined through the cost-benefit analysis whose indicator of 1.95 showed that it is profitable. It was concluded that honey and other products from the hive contribute to preventing, strengthening, and improving the ability to respond to various diseases that afflict human beings, and as a productive activity, it is feasible to implement it to generate income for families.

Characterization of Beekeepers and Their Activities in Seven European Countries

Beekeeping is an ancient activity that is gaining interest among practitioners and society in general. It is as an activity with positive impacts in the environmental, social and economic spheres, with the potential to reconnect these dimensions and contribute to sustainable development. Thus, it is important to determine the profiles of beekeepers across the world, and to understand the main social, economic or ecological drivers that shape their activities. Hofstede cross-cultural dimensions were used to better explain differences between countries. A survey was undertaken of beekeepers in different countries (Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, and Spain) in the native language of each nation. A total of 313 questionnaires, using an online platform or in paper form, was delivered face-to-face during training or dissemination events in 2019. Norway and Finland were the countries with the highest percentage of respondents with a university degree (>80%), while Spain (42%) and Croatia (48%) presented the lowest percentages. Most participants were experienced beekeepers (59% had more than five years of experience) with more than 50 colonies. With the exception of Italy, beekeeping appears to be a hobby or an additional professional activity. The main beekeeping products for these beekeepers were honey, wax, colonies and propolis, with an average honey production per season of 24.5 kg/hive. Crossing socio-demographic characteristics and Hofstede cross-cultural dimensions showed a relation among countries with higher Power Distance Index (PDI; this value expresses how society accepts and expects a certain inequality of power) and lower annual income and educational level (Croatia, Portugal, and Spain). A strong correlation appeared between Masculinity Femininity Index (MFI; this value refers to gender effects in society, with feminine societies meaning that the dominant values are caring for others and quality of life, as opposed to masculine societies, which are driven by competition, achievement and success) and age, income and education, with Norway presenting the most feminine society, with more educated and older beekeepers. The Uncertainty Aversion Index (UAI; this value explains how members of a society feel when dealing with unknown situations) was strongly associated with education. The results showed that increasing beekeepers’ income will contribute to balancing the distribution of power among members of society, and that this might be achieved by training, especially in Croatia, Portugal, Spain, and Italy.

Stabilization methods and biochemical parameters of drone brood

The range of practical use of bee products is constantly expanding. Among the large assortment of these products, in recent years, drone brood larvae have received great attention, which can be obtained without harming the bee colony during the active period of the beekeeping season. Drone brood contains a complex of biologically active substances, including unique fatty acids, vitamins, essential amino acids, steroid hormones. The content in the drone brood of a large amount of nutritious and biologically active components serves as the basis for its inclusion in the diet of animal feeding and the diet of people in order to improve the body’s health. Drone brood homogenate is a new beekeeping product, which is a biomass obtained from homogenized drone larvae. This product is a biologically active raw material with a rich composition necessary for the normal functioning of the body. Once removed from the hive, the brood must be stabilized for further use. In this work, the following methods of stabilization of the drone brood homogenate have been studied: freezing, adsorption using a lactose-glucose adsorbent, and lyophilization. The use of stabilization of drone brood by means of freeze-drying (freeze-drying) allows preserving some biologically active compounds in the brood. But freeze-dried products actively adsorb moisture from the environment, which stimulates the development of reactions that lead to a decrease in the quality of the product. Adsorption, in comparison with freeze drying, makes it possible to better preserve biologically active substances in a homogenate obtained from drone larvae. Stabilization of drone brood by freezing provided the most complete fixation of the most important components of drone brood in contrast to other stabilization methods.

Study of toxic elements in propolis

There is a threat of heavy metals and toxic elements entering the beekeeping products in relation to the deterioration of the ecological situation. In this regard, a study of one of the most popular beekeeping products, propolis, from the territory of two regions of Russia (Ryazan Oblast and Krasnodar Krai) for the level of Pb, Cd, Sr and the toxic element As was undertaken. The studies were made from 2004 to 2019. The amount of elements was determined spectrophotometrically with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer Spectr AA 220FS. Lead, cadmium and strontium levels were determined using an air-acetylene flame on a gas atomizer. The level of arsenic was determined on a graphite oven of a spectrophotometer using a palladium modifier made by “Mersk”. The lead level in propolis was from 0 to 0.19 mg/kg that exceeds the threshold limit value by a factor of 1.2-12.3. The concentration of cadmium, strontium, arsenic in the studied propolis samples does not exceed the threshold limit value: 0-0.164 mg/kg, 2.1-21.01 mg/kg, 0-1.04 μm/kg, respectively. The accumulated experimental data indicate the need to adjust the threshold limit value (SanPiN 2.3.2. 1078-01) of lead level in propolis. The dynamics of propolis pollution with toxic elements was evaluated in the course of the research. The results of this evaluation confirmed the possibility of using propolis as a bioindicator of environmental pollution with heavy metals and toxic elements. It is necessary to monitor the propolis safety to determine its level of contamination with heavy metals and toxic elements, when using it as a source of biologically active compounds and as a raw material for Pharmacy (making extracts, tablets, ointments, syrups, suppositories, plasters).

Beekeeping Production System, Challenges, and Opportunities in Selected Districts of South Wollo Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia

The study was conducted in Tehulederie, Kalu, and Dessie Zuria districts of South Wollo Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia, to assess the current beekeeping production system with available opportunities and challenges facing the beekeeping subsector. The districts were purposively selected based on potential and accessibility and then stratified into lowland, midland, and highland. In total, 135 beekeepers, of which 126 were males and 9 were females, were interviewed using a pretested semistructured questionnaire. The result revealed that beekeeping is actively practiced by the community regardless of age and sex. Three beekeeping production systems, that is, traditional, transitional, and movable frame hive, have been identified, accounting for 80%, 4%, and 16%, respectively. More than 80% of total bee colonies are managed being placed in the backyard. Besides, the study indicated that about 79% of the beekeepers keep bees primarily for income generation and home consumption. According to this study, the average bee colony holding size is 5.13 per a beekeeper. Also, this study identified that the swarm catching method is the major source of bee colony accounting for more than 45% to start beekeeping and 76% to increase existing colony number. Bee colony decline, absconding and swarming, honeybee pests and predators, and lack of training and extension were identified as major beekeeping challenges in the study areas. This study identified the beekeeping production system, opportunities, and challenges of the study areas and has significantly contributed to our knowledge and identified lack of extension and training as intervention areas. Therefore, practical beekeeping training and extension should get primary emphasis to combat the existing challenges.

Pilot study for environmental monitoring through beekeeping products of Pistoia territory

In the present research, the beekeeping products (honey, pollen, propolis) obtained from farms located in the province of Pistoia (Tuscany, Italy) were analyzed, in order to characterize them and evaluate their quality. The results showed that Pistoia apistic products possessed excellent qualitative values, suggesting a first-rate level and a long shelf life for them. Another important objective of the project was to collect evidence about the plant biodiversity existing in Pistoia district, in terms of pollen present in the beehive products and deriving from botanical species visited by honey bees and random contamination. In detail, the melissopalynological analysis revealed 82 different taxa, identifying 40 multifloral honeys, 30 acacia unifloral honeys, 30 chestnut unifloral honeys, 12 honeydew unifloral honeys, 4 heather unifloral honeys and 2 linden unifloral honeys. Several cultivated (e.g., Malus/Pyrus sp., Actinidia chinensis and Oleaceae) and wild (e.g., Trifolium sp. and Lotus sp.) species were found, although their distribution was mainly related to altitudinal variations. The signature of plant species typical of Tuscany, Italy, and other circum-Mediterranean countries (e.g., Erica sp., Castanea sativa, Quercus ilex, Loranthus sp., Hedysarum coronarium, Melilotus sp., Eucalyptus sp., and Tilia sp.) was detected. Finally, in the same matrixes, the presence of potential environmental contaminants, such as pesticides, antibiotics, and heavy metals (i.e., lead and cadmium), was measured, in order to evaluate the pollution level of the studied site. The very limited number of samples contaminated by lead and the total absence of antibiotics and pesticides in the beehive samples indicated a general excellent state of wholesomeness for the territory, valorizing the area under study and its natural products.

Spectroscopic Discrimination of Bee Pollen by Composition, Color, and Botanical Origin.

Bee pollen samples were discriminated using vibrational spectroscopic methods by connecting with botanical sources, composition, and color. SEM and light microscope images of bee pollen loads were obtained and used to assess the botanical origin. Fourier transform (FT) mid- and near-infrared (FT-MIR, FT-NIR), and FT-Raman spectra of bee pollen samples (a set of randomly chosen loads can be defined as an independent sample) were measured and processed by principal component analysis (PCA). The CIE L*a*b* color space parameters were calculated from the image analysis. FT-MIR, FT-NIR, and FT-Raman spectra showed marked sensitivity to bee pollen composition. In addition, FT-Raman spectra indicated plant pigments as chemical markers of botanical origin. Furthermore, the fractionation of bee pollen was also performed, and composition of the fractions was characterized as well. The combination of imaging, spectroscopic, and statistical methods is a potent tool for bee pollen discrimination and thus may evaluate the quality and composition of this bee-keeping product.

International requirements of the GLOBALG.A.P. standard to certification of agricultural products

The article discusses the features of the international certification system for agricultural products, adopted by most developed countries. The GLOBALG.A.P. International Standard is a Good Agricultural Practice Standard that provides a certification system for all stages of crop, livestock, beekeeping and aquaculture products. The application of the GLOBALG.A.P. standard ensures the safety of products sold by trade networks and ensures their smooth movement across the customs borders of more than 100 countries of the world. The structure of the standard is analyzed and the characteristics of the principles underlying the standard are given.

The influence of enzyme therapy with adaptogens when candidiasis on blood parameters, increase the livability and meat productivity of geese

It has been established that in propolis, which is a biologically active product of beekeeping contains several dozen compounds, trace elements and vitamins. It contains most of the compounds of flavonoid and terpenoid nature, phytoncides, unsaturated aromatic acids, trace elements: copper, cobalt, potassium, sodium, manganese, zinc, calcium, barium, titanium, nickel, chromium, vanadium, tin, vitamins (A, B, C, E, PP), glucose, fructose, cinnamon alcohol. This composition provides a favorable complex effect of propolis on the body: bactericidal and virusocidal (kills bacteria and viruses), bacteriostatic (slows their growth), regenerative (restoring tissues, heals wounds) and fungicidal (kills fungi). The main therapeutic effect in this biologically active beekeeping product is provided by ferulic, caffeic and benzoic acids, galantine, chrysin, isalpine, pinocebrin. They are combined with trace elements and vitamins, as well as probiotics and prebiotics, which provide the greatest therapeutic effect. This circumstance is important for fungal diseases of poultry and especially for candidiasis. Geese candidiasis has been causing great economic damage to poultry farming all over the world in recent decades. The search for effective prevention measures and therapies remains an unsolved problem to date. The data on the development of reactions basophils, pseudoeosinophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes on the background of candidiasis and their enzyme adaptogens: probiotic and propolis for traditional microbiotheria is not effective and does not contribute to the restoration of cytological reactions and meat production of poultry have been presented in the article. At the same time as shown by our studies in farms affected by candidiasis geese timely application of enzyme therapy on a background of immune propolis and propitiatory not only contributes to the full restoration of all biological indicators, but more intense live weight gain of poultry and improve the livability of their livestock. This underlines the importance of taking measures to prevent candidiasis in goose farms, together with good conditions for feeding and housing poultry.

ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF ORGANIC BEEKEEPING PRODUCTION

The purpose is to study and analyse the prospects for development of economic aspects of organic beekeeping in Ukraine.The article deals with the main trends of greening of life, in particular those related to the beekeeping industry. The most promising activities are outlined and a number of factors that can be used by the entities to form the entrepreneurial potential of rural theories are identified. Beekeeping is the oldest human industry with a centuries-old history and Ukraine is recognized in the world as the homeland of cultural beekeeping. This branch of agriculture in the country provides both pollination of entomophilous crops and the production of various beekeeping products for the needs of the population and for various industries. Methodology. The expediency of introducing organic beekeeping methods is reflected. Requirements for production of organic beekeeping according to the Ukrainian legislation and regarding the requirements of the EU are covered. Results. The certification procedure is described and the certification bodies operating in the territory of Ukraine are characterized. The trends and the state of the organic beekeeping market are reflected, the concepts of “price” and “value” of organic produce are defined. A number of factors affecting the functioning of the beekeeping industry were identified, risks identified and measures taken to minimize them. Value/originality. For effective functioning of the industry it is suggested to use marketing channels and marketing strategies based on foreign experience and taking into account the Ukrainian specificity. The problems of organic beekeeping have been generalized, the main priorities have been identified and the ways of realization of the set tasks have been proposed. Therefore for the effective functioning of the organic beekeeping industry, it is first necessary: to use available natural and climatic potential (protected areas and certified agricultural lands); to develop special regulations and certification system that are adapted to international and European requirements and implement them in production and society; to create an effective mechanism of state support for enterprises that transform their own production and are in the transition period (low credit rates, legal support, compensation for the cost of organic certification) and control; to support and stimulate the development of the organic market through the dissemination of information, the establishment of advisory services and research and educational centers; to enter the international market of organic products as a finished product with its own brand and added value and not just raw materials. All this will increase the number of organic enterprises, employment and the income of producers.

Biomedical Properties of Propolis on Diverse Chronic Diseases and Its Potential Applications and Health Benefits.

The use of alternative medicine products has increased tremendously in recent decades and it is estimated that approximately 80% of patients globally depend on them for some part of their primary health care. Propolis is a beekeeping product widely used in alternative medicine. It is a natural resinous product that bees collect from various plants and mix with beeswax and salivary enzymes and comprises a complex mixture of compounds. Various biomedical properties of propolis have been studied and reported in infectious and non-infectious diseases. However, the pharmacological activity and chemical composition of propolis is highly variable depending on its geographical origin, so it is important to describe and study the biomedical properties of propolis from different geographic regions. A number of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and cancer, are the leading causes of global mortality, generating significant economic losses in many countries. In this review, we focus on compiling relevant information about propolis research related to diabetes, obesity, and cancer. The study of propolis could generate both new and accessible alternatives for the treatment of various diseases and will help to effectively evaluate the safety of its use.

TERMS RELATED TO PRACTICE RULES AND REGULATIONS OF ORGANIC BEEKEEPING PRODUCTION IN TURKEY

Organic farming production; To the extent permitted by the regulation, it is a production in which chemical drugs are used that are friendly to human health and nature, and do not harm the environment and human health; It is a form of production that gives priority to the quality of the product rather than the amount of manufacture, and every stage is checked and certified by control and certification.
 Organic Beekeeping, on the other hand, does not apply chemical drugs and artificial nutrition to bees at every stage from production to consumption, It is a production that is carried out on intact natural flora or organic farming areas and is controlled and certified by control certification companies.
 Beekeeping; producers with low income, especially in rural areas, both in European countries and in our country and it is an important source of income for producers who do not have land. With this aspect, it adds added value at the micro-level in the rural areas and at the macro level in the country's economy.
 The products obtained from bees are faced with the threat of risk factors that negatively affect food safety during the process of taking their place on the market shelves from production. For this reason, the importance of organic beekeeping increases as the aim is to increase the quality of organic beekeeping.
 According to the Organic Agriculture Information System (OTBİS) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, in 2019, There are 249 enterprises engaged in organic beekeeping in Turkey. Organic beekeeping, the total number of organic hives is 50.100 and the total organic honey production is 576.76 tons.
 Moreover according to the Organic Agriculture Information System of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, in 2019, 159 enterprises engaged in beekeeping in the transition process in Turkey present, it has a total of 21 484 hives in transition.
 To increase this potential of our country and to ensure its sustainability, It can be achieved by producing reliable and better quality organic beekeeping products. For this, the production and consumption of organic beekeeping products should be expanded.

REGULATORY STANDARDS OF HONEY SAFETY AND QUALITY

Modern beekeeping industry globalization leads to an increase in competition between countries for the foreign market. The products that provide the appropriate level of safety and quality following international requirements would be able to gain a competitive advantage. Establishing a competitive advantage for honey on the world market and improving exports/import process with the guaranteed observance of consumers’ rights and interests require a systematic revision of regulatory documentation for beekeeping products. The study aimed to analyze the current international and national regulations governing the safety and quality of honey. Critical analysis of normative documentation, a comparison of international, European, and Ukrainian requirements for physicochemical indicators of honey quality and content of dangerous contaminants, as well as the study of the organic beekeeping regulation was made. It was found that the national regulatory framework for the safety and quality of honey needs to be optimized. Order of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food (Ukraine) of June 19, 2019, № 330 contains requirements that are more adapted to international and European standards for honey quality criteria compared to current national requirements. Order of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food (Ukraine) of June 19, 2019, № 330 still needs to be improved for items governing the value of moisture content and mineral content as well as diastasis activity of honey components. Concerning the production of organic beekeeping products, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine introduced the current EU regulatory framework for organic beekeeping.

АPI-мониторинг синтетических пиретроидов методом газовой хроматографии с масс-спектрометрическим детектированием

The article presents the results of API (Latin Ápis – bee) monitoring the content of residual amounts of synthetic pyrethroids in honey bees using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS). The pesticides discussed in this article were selected based on the results of API monitoring of honey bees using GC / MS. The proposed GC-MS method for monitoring synthetic pyrethroids makes it possible not only to identify the causes of lethal intoxication of bees, but also to prevent the possible consequences of synthetic pyrethroids getting into beekeeping products and, consequently, their distribution along trophic routes. The latter has a direct impact on the quality of human life safety. It has been shown that for the detection by GC-MS of synthetic pyrethroids contained in a bee matrix, an important role is played by correctly selected conditions for sample preparation and purification of the extract, which contribute to the isolation of the target compounds from a complex matrix, which are present in it, often at the level of the minimum permissible level (MDU). In this work, sample preparation was carried out by solid-phase extraction (SPE) on a chromatographic column using a C18 sorbent with grafted octadecyl groups. A GC-MS multimethod has been developed for the determination of synthetic pyrethroids (prometrine, bifenthrin, β-cyagalotrin, isomers of permethrin and cypermethrin, fenvalerate, deltamethrin, which, along with other insecticides, for example, neonicotinoids, are frequent causes of lethal intoxication of bees. Quantitative determination of synthetic pyrethroids under GC-MS conditions is carried out in the registration mode of selective ions (main and confirmatory ions, respectively). The proposed method for the determination of synthetic pyrethroids for the purposes of their API monitoring is characterized by a detection limit that does not exceed the MRL in ecomonitoring objects.

Çukurova Bölgesinde Karşılaşılan Bal Arısı Ölümleri Üzerine Piretroit Grubu Pestisitlerin Etkisi

Arıcılık Ülkemizde ve Dünya‘da yaygın şekilde yapılan tarımsal çalışmalardan biridir. Toplumumuz arıcılığa ve arı ürünlerine özellikle bala çok önem vermektedir, arı ürünlerinin devamlılığı içinde arı koloni sağlığı çok önemlidir. Arılardaki koloni kaybına neden olarak gösterilebilecek birçok faktör vardır ve bunlardan bir tanesi de zirai ilaçlardan kaynaklı zehirlenmelerdir. Zirai mücadele için kullanılan ilaçların yanlış dozlanması, ilaçlamanın gündüz yapılması veya ilaçların rastgele karıştırılmasına bağlı olarak etki güçlenmesi veya etki farklılaşması gibi nedenler toplu arı ölümlerine neden olabilmektedir. Çalışmada, Çukurova‘da ağırlıklı olarak kış döneminde kışlatma için gelen, yoğun ölümlere bağlı olarak da pestisit zehirlenmesi şüphesiyle Adana Veteriner Kontrol Enstitüsü‘ne getirilen ve arıcılardan toplanan, 2015-2018 yıllarına ait 188 adet farklı işletmelerden gelen ölü arı numunesi (her numune yaklaşık 100 g ölü arı içermekte) incelenmiştir. Gaz kromatografi (GC) cihazı ile kalitatif inceleme yapılmıştır. Ölü arı numunelerinin incelenmesinde 2015 yılında gelen 2 numunede tau-fluvalinate kalıntısına, 2016 yılında gelen 1 numunede sipermetrin kalıntısına rastlandı. 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında gelen numunelerde ise, piretroit pestisitler yönünden herhangi bir maddeye tespit edilebilir düzeyde rastlanmadı. Piretroit grubu pestisitler yönünden incelediğimiz 188 adet numunede 1 adet numunede arılar için toksik maddeye rastlanılmıştır. Bu durum, incelenen numuneler itibariyle Çukurova‘da piretroit pestisitlerin arı koloni kayıplarında rol almadığını göstermiştir.

The characteristic of stingless bee’s products (Tetragonula spp.) in Lombok Island

Beekeeping is one of the excellent businesses for people around the forest. To date, the bee species that began to broaden are stingless bees. Tetragonula spp. is a stingless bee species in Lombok that have been promoted. This research aim is to determine the characteristic of stingless beekeeping products in Lombok. The meliponiculture products of Tetragonula spp. consist of honey, beebread, and propolis. SNI 3545 was used to examine the honey characteristic of Tetragonula spp., the proximate analysis was performed for beebread products and phytochemical analysis was used to stingless bee propolis products. The results showed that stingless bee honey has a value that fulfills 65% standard, the diastase enzyme was <3 DN and acidity was < 200 ml NaOH/kg. The average content of moisture, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrates from bee bread were 24, 2, 15, 9.5, and 49% respectively. The phytochemical analysis results of propolis determined that all samples contain flavonoids, tannins, saponins. Several of them positively steroid detected. This study results could be used to considerate further research related in manufactured final products of stingless bee products as raw materials.

Assessment of Beekeeping System, Constraints and Opportunities in Selected Districts of West Hararghe Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

The study was conducted two districts (Daro Labu & Gemmachis) of western Hararghe Zone with the objective of identifying beekeeping production systems and constraints in the area. For this study 6 Peasant Associations (PAs) were selected on the bases of beekeeping potential. 90 beekeepers were interviewed using pre tested semi-structured questionnaires and PRA were also used for 55 non-beekeepers. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 13. In the survey area among the beekeepers interviewed almost all farmer possess different types of traditional hive where only 26.7% and 2.22% owned modern box hive and transitional hive respectively. About 96.67% of the respondents categorize their colonies based on body size, color, swarming rate, honey production and ability to enemy protection. 80% of the interviewed farmers prefer “Red” and “Shumbure” colored bees. The beekeepers have good knowledge in colony management – feeding, watering and pest and predator caring. In all surveyed areas, honey harvested once a year from end of September to November (main honey flow) and sometimes April to May (minor honey flow). The average honey yield from traditional, transitional & box hive per harvest were 6.4±2.63, 8±2.83 and 13.9±4.04 kg respectively. There are different kinds of bee pests and predators in the area as small ant, birds, wax moth and others. 92.23% of respondent stated that as the trend of beekeeping is decreasing due to a number of factors. In our survey major beekeeping constraints in the area were also identified as lack of extension services, lack of improved beekeeping technologies, lack of man power, Lack better performer line, lack of bee forage. From this study it was realized that, there is potential of beekeeping in the zone but the production system still under traditional way where it needs further intervention of NGOs, Conservers, Researchers and private organizations to improve production system and exploit resource from this sub sector.

Morphofunctional changes of the spleen when correcting hamsters' body with bee-keeping products in ontogenesis

The aim of our research is to study the indicators of growth, development, immunomorphological alteration in the structural components of the spleen during correction of the body of hamsters under experimental loading with biologically active bee-keeping products (BABP), Microvitum preparation and their composite forms and without it. There was conducted comprehensive research to identify experience of growth, development, proliferation processes, differentiation, alteration of structural and functional components of the spleen in postnatal ontogenesis of hamsters and under experimental loading on the body with BABP, Microvitum preparation and their composite forms. The study found: the dynamics of change in the spleen weight, the absolute values of the average daily liveweight gain of hamsters in postnatal ontogenesis and on the background of introduced BABP (pollen, royal jelly), amino acid-mineral-vitamin preparation Microvitum and their composite forms to the diet; macro- and microstructure as well as immunomorphological alteration in the spleen of hamsters in postnatal ontogenesis and under the effect of BABP, Microvitum preparation and their composite forms; the relationship of the structural components of the spleen, T- and B-lymphocytes and their populations in the blood that condition immunobiological response of the harmster body in postnatal ontogenesis and ways to correct it with BABP, Microvitum preparation and their composite forms; the effect of the experimental loading on immunomorphological response of the spleen, the cellular and humoral component of the immune system and against the background of BABP, Microvitum and their composite forms introduced into the diet; ways to correct performance efficiency of hamsters, prevention of cannibalism and female hibernation with BABP, Microvitum and their composite forms.

Caracterización apícola en la región sierra centro-norte de Veracruz: contexto y trashumancia

&#x0D; Este artículo presenta el resultado de una investigación realizada de agosto 2015 a noviembre 2016, para caracterizar la producción apícola y actividad trashumante de los municipios de Misantla, Yecuatla, Colipa, Juchique de Ferrer y Tenochtitlan. Se realizaron entrevistas con especialistas, expertos y productores de miel. Se encontró que la actividad apícola la realizan al menos 500 familias con experiencia promedio de 22 años, con sistemas trashumantes semi extensivos y producción promedio de 24 kg de miel por colmena, de los cuales 9% tienen más de 500 colmenas bajo esquemas semi-tecnificados. Entre estos sistemas el 10% de apicultores han invertido en la diferenciación de los productos de la colmena. El volumen de miel generado con sistemas de producción de una abeja reina por colmena es al menos 90 t año-1, con valor económico de $ 174 000.00 (US$). Se ha encontrado que 90% de los apicultores de la región trashuman entre lugares de dicha región y 23% de ellos lo realizan a otra entidad. Por otra parte, también el acceso y permiso a terrenos son factores que definen las rutas trashumantes e identificación de zonas aptas apiarios. Esta investigación aporta un mapa de zonas utilizadas como asentamientos de apiarios, como trabajo de investigación, sus resultados merecen la atención futuras investigaciones para identificar zonas espaciales mediante sistemas de geoposicionamiento, así como un programa de trashumancia para dichos emplazamientos en función de calendarios de floración.