Bee Plant Research Articles

The effect of Agricultural Landscape Type on Field Margin Flora in South Eastern Poland

Abstract Plant species diversity is threatened in many agricultural landscapes due to the changes it has to undergo. Although the modification of the agricultural landscape pattern is observed across Europe, both extensive and intensive agricultural landscapes still co-exist in Poland. The objective of the study was to examine the flora in field margins in intensively and extensively managed agricultural landscapes, located across three regions in SE Poland. The flora was compared with respect to species richness, diversity, and evenness indices. Detrended correspondence analysis was employed to characterise variation in species composition. Agricultural landscape type made a higher contribution than the topography or geology to species richness and composition in field margins. Field margins function as important habitats for general vascular plant species diversity and are useful for the conservation of rare, threatened, endangered or bee plants. A significant decline in species diversity was observed over a distance of 1000 m from the habitat elements. Plants growing on field margins are mainly perennials; however participation of annuals clearly increases in intensive landscapes. The participation of wind-dispersed species decreased in an open-spaced intensive landscape. Animal-dispersed plants predominated in an extensive landscape with forest islands. Irrespective of landscape type, native species predominated. However, these habitats create the biota and corridors for alien-invasive species as well.

Bee World 75, 50 and 25 Years Ago

In this issue, we revisit the impact of war on beekeepers, discover some key bee plants in Sri Lanka and learn a bit about bees in Borneo. And finally, have bee scientists always collaborated and w...

Pollinic characterization of species of the botanic family Rutaceae Juss. Caracterização polínica de espécies da família botânica Rutaceae Juss.

Species of the family Rutaceae Juss are used in the food and pharmaceutical industry, for their edible fruits and multiple medicinal properties. Aiming to complete the characterization of commercially important fruit species grown in Brazil, of melissopalynological interest, the following species were analyzed: Citrus deliciosa Ten., C. grandis (L.) Osbeck, C. limettioides Tan., C. limon (L.) Burm, C. paradisi Macfad., Citrus x sinensis var. açucar (L.) Osbeck x Citrus sinensis var. sanguinea (Engl.) Engl. and Fortunella japonica (Thunb.) Swingle. The pollen grains were prepared by acetolysis method for permanent slides. The pollen grains of all species showed up in monads, isopolars, with reticulate exine, prolate-spheroidal predominant form, mainly under circular and rectangular ambitus, radial and bilateral symmetry, average size, exine thickness from 1.68 to 3.20 μm, number of apertures between 3 to 5. Variations in relation to characterization of the group may be related to changes due to random or purposeful crosses for selection and improvement of crop plants. Keywords: Bee plant; citrus; pollen; slide collection.

Specialist Bees of the Northeast: Host Plants and Habitat Conservation

Habitat conservation is performed in North America to support populations of managed and wild pollinators. The current recommended plant selections for northeastern pollinator habitats primarily provide resources for common or generalist pollinators. However, such plants may not benefit uncommon or rare northeastern specialist pollinators, whose populations are susceptible to harm from anthropogenic threats. This manuscript presents the first catalog of native specialist bees and associated host plants for the Northeast. Approximately 15% of northeastern native bee species are pollen specialists, represented by 6 families, 15 genera, and 61 species of bees that restrict pollen foraging to 23 families, 33 genera, and 201 possible species of native host plants. Specialist bees are associated with non-graminoid forbs and non-coniferous woody plants in nearly all major northeastern terrestrial and wetland habitats. Herein, I identify and discuss vulnerable bee—plant associations and suggest greater emphasis on research and restoration efforts. I recommend that northeastern pollinator-conservation practice specifically target specialist bees.

Nectar secretion dynamics and honey production potentials of some major honey plants in Saudi Arabia.

The contribution of a bee plant species to honey production depends on the plant’s nectar secretion quality and quantity, which is mainly governed by biotic and abiotic factors. The aim of the current study, was to investigate the nectar secretion dynamics and honey production potential of 14 major bee plant species of the target area. We examined the quantity and dynamics of nectar sugar per flower five times a day using a nectar sugar washing technique and direct measuring of nectar with calibrated capillary tubes. The average nectar sugar amount of the species varied from 0.41 mg/flower to 7.7 mg/flower (P < 0.0001). The honey sugar per flower was used to extrapolate the honey production potential per plant and per hectare of land. Accordingly the honey production potential of the species observed to vary from 14 kg/hectare in Otostegia fruticosa to 829 kg/hectare in Ziziphus spina-christi. The nectar secretion dynamics of the species generally showed an increasing trend early in the morning, peaking toward midday, followed by a decline but different species observed to have different peak nectar secretion times. Generally, the tree species secreted more nectar sugar/flower than the herbs. The nectar secretion amount of the species was positively correlated with the ambient temperature, indicating the adaptation of the species to hot climatic conditions. However, different species were observed to have a different optimum temperature for peak nectar secretion. Despite the limited rainfall and high temperature of the area, many plants were found to have good potential for honey production. The monetary value of honey per hectare of the studied honeybee plant species can be of equal or greater than the per-hectare monetary value of some cultivated crops that require numerous inputs. In addition, the information generated is believed to be useful in apiary site selection and to estimate the honey bee colony carrying capacity of an area.

Ranking pollen from bee plants according to their protein contribution to honey bees

The existing literature classifies bee pollen as “excellent” or “poor” according to protein content. In this research, we ranked bee pollen according to its contribution to bee nutrition, taking into consideration the seasonal variation. We found that the richness in protein content of each single taxon alone is not enough to classify it, as a “good” pollen source, and seasonal variation in vegetation and colony needs should be taken into account. In many cases, bees collected more pollen from plants poorer in protein, which were in total more beneficial to the colony compared to pollen rich in protein, but collected in smaller amounts. We concluded that the amount of the collected pollen was the most important factor and this is relative to the population of the plants at the surrounding area, the flowering period, and the season. The attractiveness of pollen, as indicated by the amount of pollen collected by the bees, was not correlated to the protein content of different taxa. Bees collected pollen from a large number of taxa, but only few of those contributed significantly to their nutritional requirements. We found that only 14 out of 46 pollen taxa included the 88.8% of the total proteins that were available for bees. The crude protein of these “selected” pollen sources ranged from 13.9 to 25.5%. Pollen from plants blooming in spring had higher protein content (20–24.7%) than those from summer (15.1–19.9%) and autumn (19.3–23.1%). The great amount of pollen that honey bees collected in spring and its richness in proteins could explain the strong growth of brood and population during this period.

Analysis of Research on Non-Timber Forest Plants

The articles, published in the Journal of Korean Forest Society from Volume 1 (1962) to Volume 102 (2013), were investigated for the research trend analysis about forest plants for special purposes, i.e., edible plants, medicinal plants, feed resources, landscape plants, fiber plants, industrial usage, bee plants, bioenergy/phytoremediation uses, dye materials, and rare/endangered/endemic plants. These research articles were classified again based on the contents of research into following categories - habitat environment, ecology, physiology, propagation, silviculture (including planting and tending), genetics and breeding, identification, pest and disease control, animal-related research, components analysis and extracts, vegetation survey, biotechnology, management, recreation and forest healing, and research review. Among the total 2,433 articles published, 611 (25.1%) were related to plants for special usage or purposes. The highest frequency (14.9%) in publications was found in the field of silviculture followed by physiology, propagation, identification, and genetics and breeding, respectively. On the bases of usage, edible plants showed higher frequency (26.5%) than others, followed by industrial purpose, bioenergy/phytoremediation usage, landscape plants, medicinal plants, and rare/endangered/endemic plants. Populus plant species was the most popular in research, showing 62 articles; and Castanea crenata 36; Pinus koraiensis 35; Robinia pseudoacacia 20; Ginko biloba 17, etc. Based on the survey and analysis, the following points are suggested: 1) improved evaluation of forest plants as non-wood resources, 2) expanding research topics on the basis of production, management, and utilization of non-wood forest resources, 3) management of database of forest plant information and encouragement needed to strengthen cooperative researches satisfying the needs of other industrial and scientific areas, and 4) encouraging to promote traditional knowledge based research on forest plants.

Potential Honey Bee Plants of Egypt

AbstractThere are various plants with potential feeding importance to honey bee, Apis mellifera, colonies as source of pollen, nectar or both. Selection of suitable regions for apiaries mainly depends on the availability of honey bee plants in the apiary region. Identifying honey bee plants in specific region is very essential for honey and pollen production from honey bee colonies. Lacking the information about the beneficial plants for honey bees including; plant name, flowering time and potential benefit to honey bee colonies could be considered as a limitation for beekeeping development. So far honey bee plants are not well studied in Egypt. This review paper presents potential honey bee plants in Egypt using the available publications. The studies on honey bee plants in Egypt were also reviewed. This work can be considered as a guide for beekeepers and researchers. Moreover, the presented plants here can be used in comparing honey bee plants of Egypt with other countries to get a better understanding of honey bee flora. More detailed investigations on honey bee plants are strongly required to be done at all Egyptian Governorates

Beekeeping Practice and Forest Conservation in Gwer-West Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria

The research was conducted in Gwer West Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria as to ascertain the number of beekeepers in the area, identify the beekeeping methods used, the quantity of honey produced, the income generated, bee plants in the area, conservation methods used, and the challenges faced by beekeepers in the study area. Multi-stage and purposive sampling techniques were used to administer one hundred (100) copies of questionnaire in the study area as follows: 20 in Tsambe/Mbesev, 20 in Tyouhatiee/Injah, 15 in Gbaange/Tongov, 10 in Tijime, 12 in Avihijime, 15 in Nyamshii, and 8 in Meeikyeh respectively. The results showed that beekeepers exist in the study area with majority of them falling between the ages of 20 and 40 years and they use traditional methods of beekeeping. The study also revealed that the main reason for keeping bees in the study area was for income generation while the major challenge of beekeeping in the study area was pests. Majority (78%) of the beekeepers produce about 40 litres of honey while a few (18%) produce above 80 litres of honey annually generating between ₦28, 000.00 and ₦100, 000.00 (about 160 - 500USD) annually per beekeeper. The major bee plants in the study area were Daniellia oliveri, Citrus sinensis, and Mangifera indica while the major conservation methods used include deliberate retention of bee plants on farmlands, planting of bee plants in home gardens, fire tracing among others. It was recommended that training on modern beekeeping methods should be carried out in the study area to improve beekeeping practice in the study area.

Ornamental Bee Plants as Foraging Resources for Urban Bees in Southern Brazil

Ornamental plants are distinguished by the shape and color of their leaves/flowers and their use in landscaping and gardening. In urban areas, their presence is relevant for the maintenance of bees. Aiming to list the ornamental bee plants species occurring in Santa Catarina State (SC), southern Brazil, a survey of forage resources for bees, recorded in the State, was performed. We refer all published works developed in SC (resulting in the period 1983-2014) which include data from reports of scientific research, monographs, dissertations, Masters Dissertations, Doctoral Thesis, annals of scientific events, scientific articles and books. From the 28 ensuant works, we listed, as ornamental bee plants occurring in SC, 201 species, of 156 genera and 66 botanical families. Of these species, 92 are native (N), 26 endemic to Brazil and 109 exotic (E). Families with more ornamental bee species are: Fabaceae (22 species), Asteraceae (20), Solanaceae (11), Rosaceae (10) and Lamiaceae (8). The most cited species are: Lantana camara L. (N) (Verbenaceae) (9 quotes), Aloysia virgata (N) (Ruiz & Pav.) Juss. (Verbenaceae) (8), Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig (naturalized) (Zingiberaceae) (6) and Brachyscome multifida (E) (Asteraceae) (5), regarding habitus, herbs (48.5%) predominate, followed by bushes (21.5%), trees (16.5%) and vines (10.5%). Preferred colours of flowers by bees are, in decreasing order: white, yellow, red/pink, and others. The genus Ipomoea, Calliandra, Passiflora, Prunus and Senecio have more ornamental bee plant species. A large botanical diversity arises, demonstrating the possibilities for urban bee foraging and ornamental featuring, in a perspective of sustainability.

A Comparison of Social Bee-Plant Networks between Two Urban Areas.

In the last decade, several studies demonstrated the effectiveness of ecological network analysis to a better understanding of the structure bee-plant interaction networks; however, such approaches involving urban areas are still scarce. Here, we analyzed two assemblages of corbiculate bees (Apoidea, Apidae) in two geographically distinct urban areas in Brazil. In both study areas, apid bees visiting flowers were captured with an insect net. Surveys were performed biweekly and alternately in each area, over a 1-year period. Both urban areas were very similar for most indices. The two social bee-plant networks were significantly nested, a pattern usually described for bee-plant networks and somehow expected in our study, considering the recognized behavior of social apid bees in exploring a wide range of plant species. The modularity measures were low and very similar for the networks of both urban areas, a finding that could be due at least in part to the low phylogenetic distance between corbiculate bees and the broad dietary habits of the social apid bees. Network-level indices showed that both bee assemblages had a relatively low niche overlap, indicating that the set of social apid species studied exploited differently the arrays of plants available. Species level index (resource range) showed that in both urban areas, Trigona spinipes (Fabr.) and Apis mellifera L. showed the higher number of interactions, a result that demonstrates the importance of these species in social bee-plant interaction networks in urban areas. Similarly to other ecosystems, these two apid species behaved as super-generalists in the two urban areas surveyed herein.

Floral phenology and pollen potential of honey bee plants in NorthEast dry land areas of Amhara region, Ethiopia

Beekeeping serves as a source of additional cash income for hundreds of thousands of farmer beekeepers in the country and plays a significant role in conserving the natural resources and contributes to the globe through environmental protection. Furthermore, even if the potential and success in beekeeping development is dependent first and foremost on the type and quantity of flora available, botanical composition of natural vegetation varies significantly. This study was conducted targeting identification and documentation of major honeybee floras, their phenology and pollen potential in the study area. For this, three representative agroecologies, respective sites and localities were selected using stratified random sampling procedures. A total of 120 Beekeepers were also purposively selected and interviewed to collect relevant information. Density and frequency of flowering plants was determined using appropriate vegetation determination techniques. Pollen was collected using pollen traps and was analyzed and verified for its traceability using appropriate mellissopalynological procedures and references. Trapped pollen analysis data were also traced back to plant species level. The study has revealed that the families diversity, directly attributed to the species diversity, in sample plots were generally higher in higher altitudes of the study area and deceasing towards lower altitudes. The density of the plant species per plot were higher for herbaceous plant species represented by plant families Pedaliaceae, Asteraceae and Papilionaceae. As a tip, 73.33% of the flowering plants identified from the trapped pollen were found to be propagated by their seeds indicating the point of entrance for rehabilitation. the highest amount of pollen was collected from those plants categorized as very good in their use to quality honey production (46.23%), in their acceptance by the bees (56.62%) and in their abundance (48.4%) comprising 22.22%, 26.67%, 31.11% and 28.89% of the total honey source plants identified throughout the study period respectively. Moreover, a total of 418.45gm of pollen (36.11%, 39.08% and 20.98% from herbaceous, shrub and tree species respectively) was collected by honeybees during the study period. It was found that 12 plant species (contributing 69.24% of the pollen) have been confirmed to be major pollen source plants of the area. Generally, we would like to recommend that wise use and rehabilitation of these potentially identified bee plant species shall be considered in attempting beekeeping development and environmental protection.

Investigating the Role of Apiculture in Watershed Management and Income Improvement in Galessa Protected Area, Ethiopia

Beekeeping gives local people economic incentive for the preservation of natural habitats and is an ideal activity in watershed conservation program. The study was designed to assess and demonstrate the contribution of improved beekeeping for income generation and sustainable watershed management in Galessa protected area. For this purpose households were purposively selected based on their interest in beekeeping, experience in traditional beekeeping and proximity of residence to watershed areas. Training on beekeeping and integrations of beekeeping with watershed management were provided. Data of honey yield, bee plants, and annual income obtained from honey and field crops before and after improved beekeeping intervention were collected. Accordingly, the mean annual honey yield, income obtained from honey sales, bee forage planting practice and number of transitional hives owned by the beekeepers are significantly different between the sample households (P<0.05) before and after intermediate beekeeping intervention but the number of traditional hives owned was not significantly different between the household . The total honey yield has increased almost by two fold and the annual revenue increased by 6.5 folds. Therefore integration of intermediate beekeeping technology with conservation of watershed can enhance the income of household and encourages planting of bee forages which directly contributes for sustainable watershed managements. Thus demonstration and scaling up improved beekeeping technology should be promoted for sustainable watershed rehabilitation and to diversify the household income.

English

A total of 61 species of savanna plants visited by the honeybee, Apis mellifera L. were identified through direct observation of foraging bees. The time of flowering of the plants was also recorded. The largest number of species (26.2%) was recorded for the family Fabaceae. Combretaceae ranked second with 9.8% of the species, while Arecaceae, Lamiaceae, Poaceae Rhamnaceae and Rubiaceae ranked third each with 4.9% of the species. Each of the remaining families had 2 or 1 species. Many of the species are being reported as bee plants for the first time. An overlap of the periods of flowering of the plants, which made forage available to the bees throughout the year, was observed. Key words: Savanna, bee plants, honeybee plants, bee forage, Apis mellifera, Bauchi, Nigeria.

Resource assurance predicts specialist and generalist bee activity in drought

Many short-lived desert organisms remain in diapause during drought. Theoretically, the cues desert species use to continue diapause through drought should differ depending on the availability of critical resources, but the unpredictability and infrequent occurrence of climate extremes and reduced insect activity during such events make empirical tests of this prediction difficult. An intensive study of a diverse bee-plant community through a drought event found that bee specialists of a drought-sensitive host plant were absent in the drought year in contrast to generalist bees and to specialist bees of a drought-insensitive host plant. Different responses of bee species to drought indicate that the diapause cues used by bee species allow them to reliably predict host availability. Species composition of the bee community in drought shifted towards mostly generalist species. However, we predict that more frequent and extended drought, predicted by climate change models for southwest North America, will result in bee communities that are species-poor and dominated by specialist species, as found today in the most arid desert region of North America.

Road verges and winter wheat fields as resources for wild bees in agricultural landscapes

The effects of farming system on plant density and flowering of dicotyledonous herbs of high value for bees were investigated in 14 organic and 14 conventional winter wheat fields and adjacent road verges. The organic and conventional winter wheat fields/road verges were paired based on the percentage of semi-natural habitats in the surrounding landscape at 1-km scale. Mean density of high value bee plants per Raunkiaer circle was significantly higher in organic winter wheat fields and their adjacent road verges than in their conventionally farmed counterparts. The effect of organic farming was even more pronounced on the flowering stage of high value bee plants, with 10-fold higher mean density of flowering plants in organic fields than in conventional fields and 1.9-fold higher in road verges bordering organic fields than in those bordering conventional fields. In summary, organic farming had a strong positive effect in both road verges and wheat fields on the density of high value bee plants. This was due to the absence of herbicides and to practices inherent to organic farming systems, such as the use of clover (a high value bee plant) as a green manure and fodder crop.

Interactions at large spatial scale: The case of Centris bees and floral oil producing plants in South America

Abiotic features and biogeography have been suggested as influencing factors for large-scale species distribution, but little is known about the role of interactions. Aiming to understand how the environmental variables and floral morphology shape the large-scale spatial pattern of species distribution and how this is reflected in the interactions, we analyzed the oil-collecting Centris bee species and the floral oil producing plants in South America. We surveyed the academic literature to build a matrix of interactions and Internet data providers for a dataset of occurrence points of Centris bee species and oil plants with which the bees have been observed. We grouped the interacting bee–plant species according to the two types of floral oil producing gland (epithelial and trichomatic elaiophores) and performed a Cluster Analysis using the averages of climatic and topographic variables to determine the climate similarity among the occurrence areas of each group of bee–plant interacting species. We estimate the significant differences among the climatic conditions in the occurrence areas of the clusters. We identified a distributional pattern of plant–bee interactions that is associated with abiotic factors, especially precipitation, in the occurrence areas. Areas with higher precipitation presented the highest number of species; also, the bee species were associated to plants with epithelial elaiophore and the interactions were more generalized (many partners). In the areas with lower precipitation, we found few species; the interactive plant species include the botanical families that have flowers with trichomatic elaiophores and the interactions were more specialized (few partners). In addition, in these latter areas Centris and their interacting plant are phylogenetically related. The distributional pattern of interactions between Centris bees and floral oil producing plants in South America is related to current ecological processes, mainly precipitation, but also to past evolutionary history.

Le Genévrier thurifère, vieil arbre compagnon de l’homme en Méditerranée occidentale

Abstract Being a heliophilous species, Juniperus thurifera L. profited and colonized the open environment coming from the Tertiary and Quaternay climatic changes. Widespread over continental territories, mainly on limestone, between 200 and 3150 m a. s. l., it shows a fragmented area (N-Africa, Iberian Peninsula, Pyrénées, SE Alpes and Corsica). Biogeographically, it’s also defining ‘ relictic’ communities. Suffering along the times accidental fires, wild herbivours pressure, parasitic and symbiotic plant and animal, this tree was “ pre-adapted” to the human exploitation. Resistant to prune – in many cases a pollard tree – and to the action of herds, it constituted a toponymical reference, harbor, a hunting area, offered firewood and timber very resistant to the open air, medicinal products, pasture and cultivated lands, plants for bees, etc. Along centuries, the result was an agro-silvo-pastoral landscape which supported an autarchic or transhumant system. Moreover, old cultural regulations assured their stability. Nevertheless, until the 60’ s of the XXth century, the J. thurifera populations were more or less intensively cleared or destroyed. Fortunately enough, after this moment, these forests began to recover and increased their density, especially in Spain. First because of the rural abandonment, after because of the forest services interventions and finally due to the scientific and conservation policies we can contemplate a general protection of these special tree communities, mainly in Europe. It’s true that along the last times many works on its biology and ecology were carried out and published, but in this speech I would like to present some data and reflections on the gaps of knowledge around the incense juniper.

Plants for Bees

Plants for Bees

The effects of climate and aero allergens changes in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic asthma patients in mediterranean region between 2011 and 2012

In academic healthy urban life projects offers have been suggested to increase the standart of living conditions. In these studies, it has been planned to control or to prevent the diaseases [1]. The aim of this study is to emphasize urban and health relationship by being healthy in urban life, describing “healthy urban parameters” especially in urban areas dominated by climate. We evaluated, the role of social, economical and special indicators for health in medical sciences. In our previous study [2] in Antalya between March, 2010 and February, 2011 showed that mediterranean region has a flora that includes a variety of grass, plants and trees that are known to cause allergic diseases. During these months, it is windy with without rain and lukewarm temperatures, all of which are contributing factors for seasonal allergies [3,4]. During the period of March,2011 and February,2012, we examined 982 patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic asthma. The study was approved by a local ethics committee. To measure pollination of the city center plants in the centrum, we put the glycerine-gelatinated lam into the Durheim device which was placed in two different locations in the city at approximately 150 cms height. Each preparation was renewed weekly for one year period and analyzed under microscopy for pollen counting and pollen identification per/cm2. The Wodehouse method was used to define the pollens which were further identified using the Turkish Atlas of Pollens and Turkish Natural Plants, Pollens and Bee Plants. Meteorologic data including temperature, rain fall, rate and wind speed were collected from the Turkish State Meteorological Service at the same period, in order to correlated climate and pollination. Statistical differences were assessed using SPSS software (version 14.00), Chi-square test and percent ratios. Statistical significance was assumed for a p value of less than 0.05. In our study, pollen count per/cm2 was recorded as 1502.4 over the whole year with a maximum in May and minimum in January. Pollens of Giraminae plant known to be very allergic were highly detected between May and November. The monthly pollen count for the city during one year period is shown in Figure 1. While pollen count/cm2, temperatures (Figure 2A) were similer compared with the previous study, rainfall (Figure 2B), wind (Figure 2C) and humidity (Figure 2D) patterns changed (Figure 2). Figure 1 Major allergens (count: per/cm2) in Antalya during 2010–2011 (black line) and 2011–2012 (grey line). Figure 2 (A) Average monthly temperature (°C); (B) monthly rainfall rate (mm3), (C) average wind speed (m/sec), (D) average humidity (%) in Antalya during 2010–2011 (red line) and 2011–2012 (blue line). In Antalya during March, 2010 and February, 2011 number of clinical visits were 12%, 17.6% in April and May consequently. A year later nurber of clinical visits were found as 11% in both months. We concluded that there was a significant decrease in the number of monthly clinical visits in April and May compared to the previous year. We assumed that, evaluating synchronized climate reports, the factor for this is the declining of wind speed. We think this might be correlated with wind speed (Figure 2C). In another study of us we found profession, building age, building type and building material have effects on allergens which patients are sensitive to. The older the building are, the more symptoms are seen in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic asthma. Patients who live in buildings which are older than 20 years, have allergic symptoms for medium (p: 0.016) and long (p: 0.049) term. Patients who live in buildings which are 0–10 years old have allergic symptoms in fall (p: 0.009) and Winter (p: 0.000), and patients who live in buildings which are 0–15 years old have allergic symptoms in Summer (p: 0.009). Patients who live in wood houses have allergic symptoms mostly in Winter (p: 0.000). While patients who are disturbed by noise have allergic symptoms for short (p: 0.031) and medium (p: 0.026) terms, long term patients are commonly disturbed by cockroaches (p: 0.023) and wall cracks (p: 0.025) in their living areas. Moreover smoking has an effect on allergic symptoms for short (p: 0.027) and long (p: 0.002) term patients. [5]. In conclusion, While the wind speed and pollination and temperature increased, the symptoms of the disease increased, too. We suggested that patients avoid green and open areas, and we gave them special lectures about the importance of regular drug using in order to avoid exacerbation of their symptoms.