Abstract
Ornamental plants are distinguished by the shape and color of their leaves/flowers and their use in landscaping and gardening. In urban areas, their presence is relevant for the maintenance of bees. Aiming to list the ornamental bee plants species occurring in Santa Catarina State (SC), southern Brazil, a survey of forage resources for bees, recorded in the State, was performed. We refer all published works developed in SC (resulting in the period 1983-2014) which include data from reports of scientific research, monographs, dissertations, Masters Dissertations, Doctoral Thesis, annals of scientific events, scientific articles and books. From the 28 ensuant works, we listed, as ornamental bee plants occurring in SC, 201 species, of 156 genera and 66 botanical families. Of these species, 92 are native (N), 26 endemic to Brazil and 109 exotic (E). Families with more ornamental bee species are: Fabaceae (22 species), Asteraceae (20), Solanaceae (11), Rosaceae (10) and Lamiaceae (8). The most cited species are: Lantana camara L. (N) (Verbenaceae) (9 quotes), Aloysia virgata (N) (Ruiz & Pav.) Juss. (Verbenaceae) (8), Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig (naturalized) (Zingiberaceae) (6) and Brachyscome multifida (E) (Asteraceae) (5), regarding habitus, herbs (48.5%) predominate, followed by bushes (21.5%), trees (16.5%) and vines (10.5%). Preferred colours of flowers by bees are, in decreasing order: white, yellow, red/pink, and others. The genus Ipomoea, Calliandra, Passiflora, Prunus and Senecio have more ornamental bee plant species. A large botanical diversity arises, demonstrating the possibilities for urban bee foraging and ornamental featuring, in a perspective of sustainability.
Highlights
Crops depend on pollination to have viable economic returns
We selected works considering the following criteria: the work had been done in Santa Catarina State and the subject was about bees in any of the following themes: bee rearing, surveys of species, pollination studies, palinology of bee plants, bee pollinators or related ones
The percentage of ornamentals found in this work constitute 21.02% of the bee plant species mentioned for Santa Catarina (SC)
Summary
Crops depend on pollination to have viable economic returns. Apis mellifera is the most widespread pollinator in the world, this species is nowadays affected by CCD (Colony Collapse Disorder) [1]. Pollinators exploit existing open areas (gardens, orchards, squares, parks, sports fields, clubs, vacant lots, vacant areas, etc...) where there are flowering plants of ruderal, ornamental, fruit trees, vegetables, weeds and others species, of varying sizes and habits [6]. It becomes relevant, in urban areas, to have bee plants for maintaining the diversity of bees. Plants known as ornamental are distinguished by the attractive shapes and/or colors of their leaves and/or flowers and are part of numerous groups of cultivated and wild species, including representatives of various botanic families [8] They are often cosmopolitan and originating from different countries [9]
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