Beck Depression Questionnaire Research Articles

HEALTH STATUS AND LIFE QUALITY OF NURSES IN HUNGARY

During our research, we were scrutinizing the health status of full-time healthcare workers. Following self-inventory inquiries, we posited the question that those who consider their health status bad had higher depression scores. In our survey, 66 female nurses and 5 male nurses participated; all hired by the Clinical Centers of Pécs. In this paper, the ‘SF-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire’ and answers to the ‘Beck Depression Questionnaire’ were analyzed. In the light of the results, it can be stated that the hypothesis has been justified. Healthcare workers are exposed to greater stress during their working life, which of has effects not only on their work, their performance, but also on their health. It can be declared that their health issues considerably effect their vitality. Lower vitality can result in lower productivity, higher absenteeism, and higher fluctuation. The depression scores of those who were in poor health condition were notably higher; consequently, their physical and mental state also had a contributing role in the development of their depression

THE DIFFERENCES OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS BY GENDER IN PEOPLE WITH PSORIASIS

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the differences of depressive symptoms by gender in people with psoriasis.Methods: This study was a comparative analytical study with cross-sectional approach, the sampling techniques using non-probability sampling with consecutive sampling techniques types. Place of study: Psoriasis foundation Medan research time: January 2014–March 2014. Every patient who meets the criteria of psoriasis vulgaris patients aged 16–60 years, disease duration >6 months, able to read and write, cooperative and willing to participate in the study, did not suffer severe medical illness, did not suffer from other mental disorders, and not using illicit substances included in the study, and then, to assess depressive symptoms using a questionnaire beck depression inventory-II.Results: A total of 80 patients were evenly split into groups of men and women have the highest life characteristics at 16–38 years (55% and 72.5%). Highest education in higher education both 95% and the severity of depressive symptoms was also a lot of artifacts on minimal depressive symptoms (82.5% and 72.5%). Cross-table test showed no significant difference in depressive symptoms between male and women (p>0.05).Conclusion: Overall in people with psoriasis there was no significant difference of depressive symptoms by gender for the entire data.

The effect of trauma and alcohol on the relationship between level of cytokines and depression among patients entering psychiatric treatment

BackgroundDepression is associated with immunological responses as reflected by altered levels of circulating cytokines. Alcohol use and trauma may modulate immune activity, and few studies have investigated these factors in depressed patients. We aimed to explore the association between circulating peripheral cytokine levels and degree of depressive symptoms, taking trauma and alcohol into account.MethodsThe study was a cross-sectional assessment of patients at admission to a specialized psychiatric center in Norway. A total of 128 patients were included. Information was gathered using the self-administered questionnaires Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), in addition to clinical interviews recording childhood or adult life trauma. Serum levels of the cytokines Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1RA), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and the chemokine Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) were assessed. A Luminex bead-based multiplex assay was used for cytokine measurements. Patient cytokine levels were compared to those of healthy volunteers by the Mann-Whitney U test.ResultsLevels of cytokines did not differ across patients with mild, moderate and severe depression. AUDIT score was not related to cytokine levels, but to level of depression. A history of trauma was related to higher levels of IL-1RA and TNF-α (p = 0.048 and p = 0.033, respectively), especially among the severely depressed. Serum levels of MCP-1 and TNF-α were significantly higher among psychiatric patients than in healthy volunteers.ConclusionsFindings indicate that depression was not related to levels of circulating cytokines among patients in treatment, but that traumatized patients had higher levels of IL-1RA and TNF-α than patients without trauma experience. The lack of relationship between cytokine level and depression was evident both in those without and with trauma.

Comparison of the Effects of Attachment and Relaxation Instruction on the Third Trimester Depression and Post-partum Blues

Aims: This study was conducted to compare the effects of attachment and relaxation instruction on the third trimester depression and post-partum blues.Methods: Randomized controlled trial in three arms (teaching relaxation, maternal-fetal attachment skills and control) of 42 women each among 126 nulliparous women in a selected educational center (Hafez) affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran from January 2012 to February 2012. The patients filled out the demographic data sheet, Cranley maternal-fetal attachment test questionnaire, Beck depression questionnaire, Spilberger anxiety and written consent Questionnaires.Results: The mean and standard deviation of the Beck depression test scores after the intervention were 20.5±3/10, 21.1±3.8, and 23.2±3.8 for the attachment, relaxation, and control group, respectively. The changes were statistically significant according to the one-way ANOVA test (P= 0.002). The post-hoc test was statistically significant for the decrease in the depression groups after delivery in the attachment (P = 0.01) and relaxation group (P = 0.01).The reduction in the depression scores before, and after the intervention in the attachment (P=0.001) and relaxation group (P = 0.002) was significant based on paired-t-test results. However, the control group showed an increase in the depression scores which were statistically significant (P= 0.04).Conclusions: Prenatal educational program based on attachment and relaxation training can improve maternal identity role and reduce maternal depression. This study showed that preventing post-partum depression by simple, available and cost beneficial training programs skills.

Factors associated with premenstrual syndrome in Female High School Students.

BACKGROUND:Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is the emergence of periodic one or more symptoms of symptoms before menstruation and in the first few days of menstruation. Lifestyle is one of the series of factors that affect the health of people. Activity, smoking, and food intake are factors associated with lifestyle, and evidence suggests that women and girls with PMS do not have an adequate life span. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with PMS in female high school students.METHODS:This cross-sectional correlation study was conducted in 200 female high school students in Sabzevar city using multistage random sampling in the academic year of 2016–2017. Data gathering tools include the temporary diagnostic questionnaire of the PMS, and Beck Depression questionnaire; the nonresonant tape was accurate to 0.1 cm and the digital scale was accurate to 0.1 kg. We analyzed the data using SPSS software and Mann–Whitney U-test.RESULTS:The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between PMS and fried foods (P = 0.017), sweet drink (P = 0.018), fast food (P = 0.048), fruit (P = 0.012), no habitual exercise (P = 0.006), family history of PMS (P = 0.002), hip circumference (P = 0.04), and body mass index (P = 0.04).CONCLUSION:There is a relationship between PMS and some anthropometric indices and nutritional/metabolic factors. Therefore, having a proper lifestyle is effective in reducing PMS.

Studying the Relationship between University Students' Anxiety and Depression with Religious Orientation, Quality of Sleep and Emotional Cognitive Adjustment

Several studies have shown that mental health is positively associated with religious orientation, cognitive-emotional regulation and sleep quality. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between university students' anxiety and depression with religious orientation, quality of sleep and their emotional cognitive adjustment. The statistical population of this study included all students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. A total number of 235 students participated in the study. The psychological characteristics of volunteers, including their psychological health, stress level, and sleep/awakening, were measured by interviewing. Beck Anxiety and Depression questionnaire, Granefski's Cognitive Emotion questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Allport and Ross Questionnaire were used to collect required data; collected data was analyzed using Spss-v21, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. Based on the results of the present study, internal and external religious orientation -accounted for 57-61% of changes in depression variance, 53-54% changes in anxiety variance, 29-38% of changes in sleep quality variance, and 12-14% of changes in emotional cognitive regulation variance. The findings of the present study showed that the more external the religious orientation, the higher the level of depression, anxiety, and sleep quality; additionally, the more internal the religious orientation, the lower the level of depression, anxiety, and sleep quality. However, the more internal the religious orientation, the higher the level of emotional cognitive regulation and the more external the religious orientation, the lower the level of emotional cognitive adjustment. Students' mental health promotion depends on their beliefs, their sleep quality and their emotional cognitive configurations. In this regard, it is necessary to pay more attention to the teaching of theoretical, psychological, religious and cognitive principles regarding the quality of students' sleep.

Motor control assessment of community-dwelling older adults with depressive symptoms

Abstract AIMSThe purpose of this study was to investigate how depressive symptoms mediate different motor control requirements in elderlies and to assess the concurring effects fomented by the interaction between aging and depressive symptoms, providing indirect measures of brain functionality. METHODS Sixty-eight elderlies were paired in terms of age and gender and were equally distributed into depressed and nondepressed groups, according to their score on the Beck Depression Questionnaire. The participants performed the Grooved Pegboard Test placing and withdrawing pegs while execution time and error rate were measured. RESULTS This investigation revealed that depressive symptoms exert a broad effect upon motor control, although that the symptom intensity, as well as the interaction between aging and depression intensity, were exclusively correlated with withdrawal task, suggesting that there is a greater effect upon motor acts with higher frontal lobe requirements. CONCLUSION The discrimination of motor control aspects provides a valuable contribution for the understanding of the underlying neurophysiology of the interaction between aging and depression as it represents an indirect measure of cerebral dysfunction. Further, these findings may still have clinical implications, as they can promote more rational approaches to the elaboration of preventive measures that help maintain the functional capability of depressed elderlies.

TSH cut off point based on depression in hypothyroid patients

BackgroundThe prevalence of depressive symptoms in hypothyroidism is high. Considering that hypothyroidism and depression share some clinical features, some researchers use the “brain hypothyroidism” hypothesis to explain the pathogenesis of depression. We aimed to detect a new TSH cut-off value in hypothyroidism based on depression symptoms.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on hypothyroid patients referred to endocrine clinics. Individuals who had developed euthyroid state under treatment with levothyroxine with TSH levels of 0.5–5 MIU/L with no need for dosage change were included in the study. After comprehensive history taking, laboratory tests including TSH, T4 and T3 were performed. Beck depression questionnaire was completed for all patients by trained interviewers. TSH cut-off values based on depression was determined by Roc Curve analysis.ResultsThe participants were 174 hypothyroid patients (Female; 116: 66.7%, Male; 58: 33.3%) with mean age 45.5 ± 11.7 (19–68) years old. Based on Beck depression test, scores less than 10 was considered healthy and more than 10 were considered depressed. According to Roc curve analysis, the optimal cut- off value of TSH was 2.5 MIU/L with 89.66% sensitivity. The optimal TSH cut- off based on severe depression was 4 MIU/L.ConclusionThe present study suggests that a clinically helpful TSH cut-off value for hypothyroidism should be based on associated symptoms, not just in population studies. Based on the assessment of depression, our study concludes that a TSH cutofff value of 2.5 MIU/L is optimal.

Kardiyo Bosu Egzersizinin Sedanter Kadınlarda Psikolojik Etkileri

Aim: It was aimed to investigate the effect of Cardio Bosu exercises on the psychological states of sedentary women. Material and Methods: A total of 30 voluntary women with the age range of 25-45 years participated in the study. A 12-week cardio bosu exercise program was applied three times per week. Before and after the exercise period, Body Image Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, self- representation inventory and Beck depression questionnaire were applied. Results: At the end of 12-week regular cardio bosu exercises, the second measurement of stress value was not statistically significant although it was lower than the first measurement. A significant decrease was detected in depression scores (p<0.05). Also, even though the second measurement of self-representation score increased, it was not considered statistically significant. The decrease in body image scores was significant (p <0.05). Conclusion: It can be stated that cardio bosu exercises reduce depression levels in sedentary women and contribute positively to body image. Sedentary women should be encouraged to do regular cardio bosu exercises in order to reduce their stress and depression levels as well as increase their body image positively.

The effect of treatment recognition based on mental conscious on decreasing depression and stress on those affected by lupus disease and by 3 months follow up

IntroductionSystemic lupus erythemataus is a chronic inflammatory disease of the multimedia system that appear on renal involvement, cortical-mucous, bloody, and neurotic.AimThe target of this study is to examine the effect of treatment recognition based on mental conscious on decreasing depression intensity on lupus disease and three month follow up.MethodThe method of study is semi test by targeted random selection in access in which we have used of pre-test by observe group. Volume of sample includes 200 women afflicted by lupus and among them about 20 ones were ready to cooperate and in study duration were in related improvement situation and has been evaluated. They have been grouped in the two test group (ten persons) and observe one (10 persons) in which two persons has been excluded from test group and we have excluded two persons from observe group, too. Test group have received eight MBCT treatment sessions but observe group has not received any treatment. Beck depression questionnaire (BDI-II) and brief signs of psychology questionnaire (BSI-53) has been performed as pre-test and after clinical test, post-test and three-month-follow up has been done. We have used of descriptive statics and co-variance for analysis.ResultsFindings has shown that treatment recognition based on mental consciousness, meaningfully have an effect on decreasing remained signs of depression.ConclusionThree-month-follow up has shown that treatment recognition based on mental consciousness, had an effect on depression disorder, anxiety disorder, and lupus patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The Investigation relationship between Social support and Depression mediated by Loneliness between Elderly

Introduction and purpose:Depression is effect by several psychological factors, that from most important can be note social support and loneliness noted. Therefore this research aimed to predict depression based on the mediating role of social support loneliness among the elderly. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study of correlational type. The statistical population of this research included all elderly of Khorramabad City in 2016 year that from them 100 elders was selected by convenience sampling method. Data collection tools included the questionnaires Beck Depression ( 1961), Social Support (wax & et al, 1986), loneliness Russell (1966) that were completed by samples. Data was analyzed by using the SPSS-24 software and correlation and multiple regressions with enter model methods. Findings: The results indicated that: the subscales of family support and friend support negatively predict depression. The subscales of social support, negatively predict loneliness. Conclusion: According to the findings of this research social support mediated by loneliness can affect depression. Therefore, the role of these variables in predicting depression, the results can provide useful information to reduce depression and loneliness in old people's families.

Comparison of depression in diabetic patients with and without foot wound

Introduction: Long-term complications of diabetes leads to physical and mental weakness and reduce their quality of life. One of the complications is the chronic wounds of extremities. Because of its outcome, patient’s adaptation can be reduced. The aim of this study was to compare between diabetic patients with and without foot wounds. Materials and methods: The comparative-descriptive study was performed on diabetic patients with and without foot wounds that admitted to the hospitals in Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2014. 100 patients with chronic wounds and 100 patients without the wounds was recruited by available sampling method for the study. We employed the “Demographic and clinical” and Beck depression questionnaires for gathering the data. The study data were analyzed by independent t and Chi-square tests using the SPSS (version 13) statistical software. Results: Mean and standard deviation of age in patient with and without chronic wound was 52.1±3.9 and 51.5±4.1 years, respectively. Depressive score of patient with and without chronic wound was also 25.6±9.5 and 8.7±2.1, respectively. Depression score of patient with underlying disease was higher than patients without underlying disease. The score rises with age. The scores were similar in both male and female gender. Conclusion: The in patient with chronic wounds was higher than patient without the wounds. Also, in patients with underlying disease and older age, rises.

Correlation between Happiness and Depression According to Beck Depression and Oxford Happiness Inventory among University Students

Background: Happiness is a subjective emotional state associated with a wide number of personal and socio-economic factors evaluated with Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI). Depression is a syndrome diagnosed by psychiatric criteria and measured by Beck depression questionnaire. The goal of this study was to evaluate the correlation between happiness and depression, measured by OHI and Beck questionnaire, respectively in a population of university students.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 at Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fars province, Iran. OHI, Beck questionnaire and demographic information sheet were filled by 216 students between 18 to 30 years old. Analyses were done to test the correlation between depression and happiness scores as well as happiness and several demographic factors. Results: Two hundred and sixteen students, 142(65.7%) females and 74 (34.3%) males with mean ages of 20.67±1.52 years old participated. There was a significant reverse correlation between happiness and depression scores (P&lt;0.001) with correlation coefficient of -0.757. Coefficient for determination was 0.57 for this correlation. Significant negative relationship existed between happiness and addiction in the family (P=0.001). Positive correlation was found between happiness and marriage (P=0.036). Conclusion: This study reports when happiness score increases, the depression score decreases; however, the coefficient for determination of this correlation shows that only a little more than half of happiness changes are described and assessed with depression score. It seems that the two psychometric tools do not completely stand against each other. Hence, happiness cannot be translated to lack of happiness. For further evaluation of this relationship, case-control and cohort studies are needed in different populations. [GMJ.2016;5(2):75-81]

The Study of the Relationship between Depression and Emotional Intelligence among the Students of Zabol University of Medical Sciences in 2014

&lt;p&gt;This study aimed to answer the question that what is the relationship between depression and emotional intelligence among the students of Zabol University of medical sciences in 2014?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study is descriptive-correlational that examined 294 students of Zabol University of medical sciences in 1393 by using stratified random sampling. Bar-On emotional intelligence questionnaire and Beck depression questionnaire were used to collect data. Pearson correlation coefficient and regression were used for data analysis. The obtained results show that there is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and depression. On the other hand, there is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence with the variables (gender, major satisfaction, type of faculty, and place of living) and depression with the variables (gender, major satisfaction, father’s education and type of faculty).&lt;/p&gt;

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT IN REDUCING SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Aim: The study aimed to the effectiveness of group therapy on symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with multiple sclerosis has been conducted. Methods : The population in this study, 100 patients with multiple sclerosis referring to clinic of the city Shiraz in 2014. 30 male and female patients between the ages of 20 and 40 years were selected and randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control. Data collection tools and multiple sclerosis patients who were Beck Depression and Anxiety questionnaires before treatment and at the end of the treatment period, patients in both groups were completed. Results : Group therapy, significantly reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients in the experimental group compared with the control group (P<0.001). But such changes were not observed in the control group . Discussion : As previous studies have shown positive effect sonde pression and anxiety group therapy sessions , and the results need to use psychological treatments beside the traditional pharmaceutical treatments for patient’s shows .

The Clarification of Depression and Social Support's Contribution to the Prediction of Antiretroviral Medication Adherence and the Rate of CD4 in People with HIV

With the development of the antiretroviral therapy, the number of the people with HIV is increasing; therefore, identifying the factors affecting HIV is of great importance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the antiretroviral medication adherence and the rate of CD4 with depression and social support in the people with HIV. The research method was a descriptive study kind of correlation. The statistical population included all patients with HIV in Shiraz, of whom, 220 people who had referred to the Behavioral Diseases Consultation Center were selected using the available sampling method. Philips et al.’s Social Support Questionnaire, Beck’s Depression Questionnaire II, and ACTG Medication Adherence Questionnaire were used as the research tools. Results were analyzed using the stepwise regression and stepwise hierarchical multiple regression. Regression analysis showed that social support and depression variables could predict totally 47% (P<0.001) of changes of medication adherence variable, and depression could predict only 2% (P<0.01) of rate variance of CD4.

The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Depression among High School Girls in Ahvaz.

Objective. Today, obesity and depression are two major illnesses that are on the rise all over the world and threaten human health. This research was done to determine the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and depression among Ahvaz high school female students. Method. In a descriptive-analytical study using stratified random sampling, 400 female high school students in academic year of 2013-2014 were picked and their height and weight were measured. BMI was classified based on World Health Organization classification. To assess the severity of depression, Beck depression questionnaire was used. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation test were used. Results. In terms of BMI 9% of students were slim, 77% were at an acceptable level, and 14% were overweight. Also, the prevalence of depression was 86.20% major depression and 13.79% moderate depression for obese persons, 10.41% major depression and 70.83% moderate depression for overweight persons, 8.78% major depression and 12.97% moderate depression for normal weight persons, and 9% moderate depression for slim persons. The relationship between BMI and depression among high school students is positive and significant (P < 0.001; r = 0.555). Conclusion. There is a positive and significant relationship between BMI and the severity of depression among Ahvaz high school female students.

Эмоциональная дезадаптация и суицидальный риск у старшеклассников в период подготовки к итоговой аттестации

The article describes the present stage of studying the effect of final exam (USE) to the psycho-emotional state of high school students. The article presents the results of study structural and dynamic characteristics of emotional maladjustment and suicide risk among high school students during the period of preparation for final exam. The sample consisted of 27 boys and 33 girls aged 16-18 years studying in state budgetary educational institution city of Moscow "School №293 named after A. T. Tvardovskii". Status of the emotional sphere of the subjects and the level of suicide risk were assessed using Teilor's Manifest Anxiety Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory and Questionnaire suicide risk. The obtained data were subjected to mathematical and statistical analysis (T-test Wilcoxon, the rank correlation coefficient of Spearman). The research allowed to identify four specific psychological stages of preparation for final exam, described the dynamics of indicators of emotional maladjustment and suicidal risk at each stage.

Correction of Retrograde Ejaculation in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Using Endourethral Collagen Injection: Preliminary Results.

Diabetic neuropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) is responsible for retrograde ejaculation (RE) in 5-18% of cases. Medical treatment of RE is based either on increasing the sympathetic tone of the bladder or on decreasing the parasympathetic activity. However, the onset of side effects and the lack of response should be considered. The aim of this study was to analyze long-term outcome of endourethral injection of volume-forming material (VFM) of collagen type 2 into bladder neck submucosa in patients with RE secondary to DM1. Twenty-four patients with complete RE refractory to imipramine and DM1 were included in the study. Patients were single-blinded randomized according to a computer-generated random sequence with a 1:1 ratio in two treatment groups, namely group A (endourethral collage type 2 injection) and group B (endourethral saline water injection). New technique includes an endoscopic injection of VFM such as collagen (Correcting MIT®, Ltd. minimally invasive technologies, Moscow, Russia) into bladder neck submucosa. Primary endpoint of the study was the reduction of semen antegrade volume (mL). Secondary endpoints were considered as the changes of antegrade count (millions/mL), antegrade total motility (%), antegrade progressive motility (%), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Questionnaire and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). Pregnancy rate was calculated in each group. Twenty-three patients completed the study. In group A, significant differences from baseline to 12 months were observed relative to antegrade volume (mL) (mean difference: 0.71, P < 0.05), antegrade count (millions/mL) (mean difference: 45.6, P < 0.05), antegrade total motility (%) (mean difference: 15.4, P < 0.05) and antegrade progressive motility (%) (mean difference: 8.4, P < 0.05). In group A, we observed significant differences in terms State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (mean difference: -20.5, P < 0.05) and Beck Depression Inventory (mean difference: -8.4, P < 0.05) with significant differences compared with group B. We observed significant improvements in group A vs. group B when considering primary and secondary endpoints of the study, but not for the IIEF-5. Correction of RE in DM1 patients could be achieved with endourethral injection of collagen type 2.

Comparison of citalopram and venlafaxine's role in treating sleep disturbances in menopausal women, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Sleep disturbance is a common complaint in postmenopausal women. Few studies compared symptom improvement taking antidepressants versus placebo. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of venlafaxine and Citalopram compared to placebo in treatment of sleep disturbance in healthy postmenopausal women. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in three groups of 20 postmenopausal women. The patients took venlafaxine 75 mg/daily (group I) or citalopram 20 mg/d (group II) or placebo (group III). Each patient filled Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and Pittsburgh and Beck depression questionnaires. The frequency of hot flashes in a day and its severity were measured through diaries. Somatic symptoms and adverse side effects were evaluated. Follow-up visit was conducted after 3 months. The prior and the later results were compared. The PSQI scores in three placebo, venlafaxine, and citalopram groups before treatment were 14.25 ± 3.85, 11.55 ± 3.96, and 13.50 ± 3.56, respectively (p = 0.076). These values after treatment reached 9.95 ± 5.07, 8 ± 3.06, and 6.95 ± 1.84, respectively. PSQI score in citalopram and venlafaxine group was not significantly different (p = 0.19) but the score in both groups was significantly lower compared with placebo group after treatment (p = 0.01). The frequency of hot flashes in a day was reduced significantly by both citalopram and venlafaxine (p < 0.05), although it was more reduced by citalopram than venlafaxine (p = 0.03). Severity of hot flashes in both venlafaxine and citalopram was significantly lower in comparison with placebo group (p = 0.02), and there was no significant difference between two drugs, though (p = 0.84). Beck score decreased more in venlafaxine group in comparison with other groups but it did not reach significant (p = 0.06). Citalopram and venlafaxine are equally more effective than placebo in reducing sleep disturbance and severity of hot flashes, while citalopram is more effective in reducing frequency of hot flashes than venlafaxine. Meanwhile, venlafaxine is more effective than citalopram in treatment of depression in postmenopausal women. Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials 201210152576N6.