Bean Varieties Research Articles

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ВИРОБНИЦТВА КВАСОЛІ В КОНТЕКСТІ НІШЕВОЇ ДИВЕРСИФІКАЦІЇ СІЛЬСЬКОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА ТА НАРОЩУВАННЯ ЙОГО ЕКСПОРТНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ

The global trends in the production and trade of beans were analyzed, the level and dynamics of export-import operations of Ukraine in this market segment were investigated, the prospects of crop production were substantiated in the context of niche diversification of the domestic agrarian sphere and the expansion of its export potential. It is noted that during the last decade, the volume of world production of beans has remained relatively stable within 29 million tons. The leading countries are India and Brazil, the combined share of which in the world crop harvest in 2022 was 36.2%. A third of the world's bean exports go to Myanmar – the main exporter of legumes to India. The main importers of beans are India and China, these countries supply 32.5% of the world's import of the crop.In the overall structure of foreign trade, the share of Ukrainian beans in 2022 was 1.2%. During 2018-2022, the value of culture exports from Ukraine was characterized by an upward trend. Almost all export (99.9%) and import products (95.4%) are white bean varieties The main buyers of Ukrainian beans were Italy, Pakistan and Poland. In 2022, 53.4% of exports were sent to these countries. On the foreign market, Ukraine mainly buys elite bean seeds. In 2022, 85.6% of its total imports were supplied from Poland. It is noted that in modern conditions, beans are a promising niche crop for the domestic agriculturist, since logistics is less affected by it than grain crops, the demand in foreign markets is high, in addition to economic, the introduction of beans in crop rotation also provides an ecological effect. The export potential of beans is determined by the growth of global demand for processed legume products (chips, hummus, vegetable minced meat, nuggets, burger patties, etc.).

Characterization of phenotypic traits associated with anthracnose resistance in selected common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding material

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is the major common bean disease worldwide causing complete yield loss under favourable disease conditions. This study aimed to determine phenotypic traits associated with anthracnose resistance for future use in breeding programmes. Twenty-two common bean varieties (CBVs) were selected basing on susceptibility to anthracnose, advanced breeding lines, improved variety resembling advanced breeding lines and the farmer variety widely grown in Tanzania. Selected varieties were planted in anthracnose hotspot fields and the same CBVs were planted in a screen house to validate resistance to anthracnose. Anthracnose infection score, leaf length, leaf width, length of fifth internode, length of petiole, plant vigour, canopy height and canopy width were recorded. Data on number of plants emerging; days to flowering; days to maturity; plant stands at harvest; and grain yield were also collected and analysed using R software. Phenotypic traits evaluated differed significantly among genotypes, environment and genotype by environment interaction. Seventy-five percent of phenotypic traits evaluated were positively correlated to anthracnose resistance.Highly-strong correlations to anthracnose were observed on number of days to maturity, plant stands at harvest, plant vigour and grain yield. Leaf length, leaf width, length of fifth internode, length of petiole and number of stands emerging were strongly correlated to anthracnose resistance. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis (AMMI) revealed highest contribution of environment on anthracnose infection-58.9% and grain yield −84.9% compared to genotype effects on anthracnose infection −32.7% and grain yield-15.7%. Based on these results, four traits – plant vigour, number of days to maturity, number of plant stands at harvest and grain yield – are recommended for selecting anthracnose-resistant varieties. NUA 48, NUA 64 and RWR 2154 were superior varieties, resistant to anthracnose and high yielding, while Sweet Violet and VTT 923-23-10 were most stable varieties across environments. Further on-farm research is suggested to assess their performance and identify traits preferred by farmers.

Evaluation of Recently Released Andean Bean Varieties with the Participation of Farmers in Mid-Altitude Region of Gedeb Zuria, Gedo Zone

During the 2012 mehere season, a study was conducted in the income Gedeb Wereda of the Gedio zone in Ethiopia to evaluate farmers' selection criteria for beans and the performance of newly released Andean common bean varieties. The study utilised participatory variety selection (PVS) trials. The findings revealed that qualitative features were given more importance by farmers compared to quantitative traits. Among the different genotypes tested, Gegeba and Ibado emerged as the top two varieties. Farmers considered five qualitative characteristics as superior to production: seed size, marketability, maturity duration, pest and disease resistance, the ability to tolerate cool temperatures, and seed color. Gegeba, with its large, red-speckled seeds, high market demand, upright growth habit, early maturity (90 days), and reasonably high yield (>2 tonnes ha-1), was the preferred choice for almost all farmers. The study suggests that future bean development efforts should focus on promoting the selected varieties and developing new ones that align with farmers' preferences, particularly in terms of adaptation to the mid-highlands, suitability for domestic consumption, local markets, and export markets.

PHENOLOGY AND HARVEST POINTS OF SNAP BEAN VARIETIES RELATED TO DEGREE DAYS ACCUMULATION

The objective of this study was to characterize the phenology and determine the harvest points of snap bean varieties related to degree-day accumulation. The experiments were conducted in the Teaching Garden of the Federal University of Ceará, evaluating five bean genotypes. A randomized block design with three and five replications was used for experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Each experimental unit consisted of a 9.6 m seedbed. In the first experiment, the spacing adopted was 0.1 x 0.4 m (24 plants per plot). For the second experiment, the spacing adopted was 0.1 x 0.3 m (32 plants per plot). Phenological characterization was carried out, estimating the thermal requirement and the pod growth curve. The evaluated genotypes presented thermal requirements ranging between 1,282 and 2,111 °C per day. The Habichuela genotype presented shorter cycle length, lower degree-day accumulation and higher initial pod growth compared to the others. It is recommended to harvest Feijão Vagem do Panamá (FVP), Habichuela and De Metro between the 10th and 15th day after fruiting. For Pronto Alívio and Quiura Bejuco, the harvest should be conducted at the 20th day after fruiting.

Effects of Various Technological Interventions on Summer Moong (Vigna radiata L.)

The field demonstrations were laid out at 30 farmers (12.0 ha area) during 2018, 2019 and 2020 to examine the impact of various technological interventions on summer moong. In this intervention, PDM 139 variety of moong bean was sown by using seed drill during 10th-20th April of each year with 25 kg/ha seed rate and treated with Thiram @ 3 g/kg of seed and Rhizobium culture 10g/kg seed. Pendimethylene @ 1.5 kg/ha was applied for weed management, where as urea 27.5kg/ha and SSP of 250 kg/ha was applied as fertilizer doses. Farmers practice kept as check for comparing the impact of intervention on moong bean yield and economic returns. Results of the study revealed that, the crop yield was increased by 50.0, 43.9 and 44.0% under intervention over farmers practice during 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. Mean of the technology gap was 3.13 q/ha and mean extension gap was 2.16 q/ha. Whereas, technology index was observed 0.31 during the demonstrations. Economic returns showed significantly improved under intervention during all the years as compared to the farmers practice. B:C ratio was 1.88 under intervention during 2019, which was higher compared farmers practice in all the years.

Organic fertilization as a sustainable alternative in the production of bean varieties in the brazilian semiarid region

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic fertilization and the use of rock powder in different varieties of cowpea in an agroecological family farming system in a semi-arid region of Brazil. The design was in randomized blocks 4 blocks x 4 treatments (T1 - witness; T2 - 4.0 t ha-1 rock powder; T3 - 10 t ha-1 bovine manure + organic matter; and T4 - 4 t ha-1 rock powder + 2.1 t ha-1 organic compound) x 3 varieties. At 65 days, plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), number of leaves (NL), leaf area (LA), and crop yield were evalueted: number of pods (NP), number of pods per plant (NPP), total seed weight (TSW), grain production (GP) and shoot dry matter production (SDMA). The creole variety Sedinha obtained better results in the development and yield of the crop, the organic compost was the most efficient for all varieties, the addition of rock powder did not result in significant effects compared to other treatments. This study highlights the potential for producing Creole seeds, in addition to demonstrating that organic fertilization is an efficient alternative, and reduces the use of chemical fertilizers contributing to the sustainable use of natural resources.

A Comprehensive Study from Cradle-to-Grave on the Environmental Profile of Malted Legumes.

Three representative pulses from the Latium region of Italy (namely, Solco Dritto chickpeas, SDC, Gradoli Purgatory beans, GPB, and Onano lentils, OL) underwent malting to reduce their anti-nutrient content, such as phytic acid and flatulence-inducing oligosaccharides. This initiative targets the current low per capita consumption of pulses. Employing Life Cycle Analysis, their environmental impact was assessed, revealing an overall carbon footprint of 2.8 or 3.0 kg CO2e per kg of malted (M) and decorticated (D) SDCs or GPBs and OLs, respectively. The Overall Weighted Sustainability scores (OWSS) complying with the Product Environmental Footprint method ranged from 298 ± 30 to 410 ± 40 or 731 ± 113 µPt/kg for malted and decorticated SDCs, OLs, or GPBs, indicating an increase from 13% to 17% compared to untreated dry seeds. Land use impact (LU) was a dominant factor, contributing 31% or 42% to the OWSS for MDSDCs or MDOLs, respectively. In MDGPBs, LU constituted 18% of the OWSS, but it was overshadowed by the impact of water use arising from bean irrigation, accounting for approximately 52% of the OWSS. This underscores the agricultural phase's pivotal role in evaluating environmental impact. The climate change impact category (CC) was the second-largest contributor, ranging from 28% (MDSDCs) to 22% (MDOLs), and ranking as the third contributor with 12% of the OWSS for MDGPBs. Mitigation should prioritize the primary impact from the agricultural phase, emphasizing land and water utilization. Selecting drought-tolerant bean varieties could significantly reduce OWSSs. To mitigate climate change impact, actions include optimizing electricity consumption during malting, transitioning to photovoltaic electricity, upgrading transport vehicles, and optimizing pulse cooking with energy-efficient appliances. These efforts, aligning with sustainability goals, may encourage the use of malted and decorticated pulses in gluten-free, low fat, α-oligosaccharide, and phytate-specific food products for celiac, diabetic, and hyperlipidemic patients. Overall, this comprehensive approach addresses environmental concerns, supports sustainable practices, and fosters innovation in pulse utilization for improved dietary choices.

Breaking barriers to adoption: A multi-stakeholder platform approach to promoting improved common bean varieties among farmers in Malawi

Farmers’ low adoption rate of improved common bean varieties is the root cause of other challenges that stakeholders in Malawi's common bean value chain face in marketing, seed production, processing, and consumption. As a result, it is ideal to address the issue of low uptake by encouraging farmers to adopt improved varieties to make more significant contributions to the common bean value chain. The study's main objective was to assess the impact of multi-stakeholder platforms (MSPs) and farmers’ attitudes on the uptake of improved common bean varieties. According to the findings of the KAP survey, there is a correlation between farmers’ knowledge, attitude, and uptake of improved common bean varieties. Using a probit model, the paper discovered that farmers in the project area's intervention site had a 25% higher probability of uptake than farmers in the counterfactual site. Farmer households that were members of MSPs were more likely to participate than farmer households that were not members of any MSP. Meanwhile, farmers who were negative or neutral about the accessibility and affordability of improved common bean varieties were less likely to uptake them than those who were positive. According to the findings, farmers with a neutral attitude toward the yield potential of the improved common bean varieties had a lower probability of uptake than farmers with a positive attitude. Therefore, the study recommends MSP-based initiatives as one way to promote the uptake of improved common bean varieties.

Sensory properties of selected biofortified common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) varieties grown in Burundi.

The dry common bean is an important grain legume used for human consumption worldwide. In Eastern Africa, Burundi has a significantly high per capita consumption of the crop. There has been significant research on the underlying agronomic traits of dry biofortified common beans, such as disease resistance. However, there is limited systematic information describing the sensory properties of these bean varieties, particularly in Burundi. This study evaluated the sensory properties of eight cooked dry biofortified common bean varieties using a panel of fifty-four (fourteen plus forty) persons for descriptive sensory evaluation and consumer acceptability tests. Kinure, a traditional non-biofortified common bean variety, was the control. Based on differences in the attributes of the bean varieties, two-dimensional principal component analysis (PCA) explained 58.94% of the variation. The attributes of astringency, consistency, color, juiciness, beany aroma, stickiness, and bean size contributed mostly to the differentiation of the bean varieties. A 95% PCA prediction ellipse displayed stronger congruity in the descriptive attributes of NUV130, NUV91, RWV1129, RWV1272, and RWR2245. In contrast, a deviation in the descriptive attributes of MAC44, MAC70, and RWR2154 was discerned. Regarding consumer acceptability tests, the varieties RWR2245 and MAC44 garnered significantly higher (p < .05) sensory scores on color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall acceptability. Therefore, the physical traits of cooked biofortified common bean varieties are a major contributor to varietal disparities in consumer acceptance studies. These parameters can greatly impact the adoption of dry biofortified common beans and could be of concern to common bean breeders.

A retrospective analysis of historical data of multi‐environment trials for dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Michigan

AbstractPlant breeding programs use multi‐environment trials (METs) to test multiple genotypes with the aim of selecting superior lines and increasing genetic gain. However, METs can be affected by the genotype × environment interactions (GEI) which hinders the ability to identify stable and high‐yielding dry bean varieties. This study investigates the impact of GEI on grain yield (GY) in three dry bean market classes across multiple environments in Michigan. The goal is to identify genotypes with superior performance under GEI effects and describe the genetic correlation between locations and other agronomic traits. Furthermore, we evaluate genetic yield trends on three major dry bean market classes in Michigan. Using linear mixed models, stability analysis, and a multi‐trait index, this study accounted for the effects of the environment on genotype performance to improve the prediction of GY. Our results highlight the importance of considering GEI in dry bean breeding programs to enhance the selection accuracy of GY. The genotype by environment interaction biplot analysis and the GEI model aided in identifying and classifying mega‐environments, leading to specific strategies for testing commercial bean classes across target production environments. Multiple‐trait performance selection showed positive results, although limited gains were observed for early maturing genotypes. Finally, the analysis of genetic trends reveals a positive trend in yield for black beans, while navy beans and small red beans show a slight decrease which can be attributed to unfavorable growing conditions and lack of genetic diversity in these market classes.

Pea leaf weevil, Sitona lineatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), adult feeding preference and larval development on pulse crop varieties in Montana.

Montana accounts for approximately 45% of US dry pea production and the pea leaf weevil (PLW; Sitona lineatus (L.)) is the most common insect pest in this region. After crop emergence adult PLW feed on the foliage to mature and subsequently mate, and the soil-dwelling larvae feed and develop on the nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Producers commonly apply prophylactic insecticide treatments to the seed at planting as well as one or two post-emergent insecticide sprays to control PLW damage. To develop alternative management strategies based on integrated pest management (IPM), this field study evaluated pulse crops grown in Montana for adult feeding preference and larval development. Ten different field pea varieties, along with two faba bean, lentil and chickpea varieties, were evaluated during the 2020 and 2021 field seasons at the Montana State University Arthur H. Post Agronomy Farm. Significant PLW pest pressure was observed within the research plots during both experimental years. Field pea and faba bean were preferred by the foliage feeding adult stage, with all but one variety averaging 39.2 to 86.3 average notches per plant. The pea variety Lifter was significantly preferred over all other comparisons, averaging 142.4 and 95.0 notches per plant in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Adult PLW feeding on lentil and chickpea was minimal, averaging 3.3 to 8.2 and 0.5 to 1.6 notches per plant, respectively. Numbers of larvae were highest on the roots of pea varieties, a known reproductive host, and almost nil on lentil and chickpea roots. Faba bean is also known as reproductive host, but, unexpectedly, larval populations were also low on the two faba bean varieties. The results from this study provide some limited evidence for alternative IPM strategies for field peas based on host plant tolerance or resistance within the range of varieties tested. Adult preference and larval development of PLW varied between the different pulse crops with field peas and faba beans being the most susceptible and lentils and chickpeas being the least susceptible. Host plant resistance against PLW could provide more sustainable IPM approaches in the future. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Deciphering PDH1's role in mung bean domestication: a genomic perspective on pod dehiscence.

Mung bean (Vigna radiata) stands as a crucial legume crop in Asia, contributing to food security. However, our understanding of the underlying genetic foundation governing domesticated agronomic traits, especially those linked to pod architecture, remains largely unexplored. In this study, we delved into the genomic divergence between wild and domesticated mung bean varieties, leveraging germplasm obtained from diverse sources. Our findings unveiled pronounced variation in promoter regions (35%) between the two mung bean subpopulations, suggesting substantial changes in gene expression patterns during domestication. Leveraging transcriptome analysis using distinct reproductive stage pods and subpopulations, we identified candidate genes responsible for pod and seed architecture development, along with Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) analysis. Notably, our research conclusively confirmed PDH1 as a parallel domesticated gene governing pod dehiscence in legumes. This study imparts valuable insights into the genetic underpinnings of domesticated agronomic traits in mung bean, and simultaneously highlighting the parallel domestication of pivotal traits within the realm of legume crops.

Harnessing Phosphorous (P) Fertilizer-Insensitive Bacteria to Enhance Rhizosphere P Bioavailability in Legumes.

Phosphorous (P) is widely used in agriculture; yet, P fertilizers are a nonrenewable resource. Thus, mechanisms to improve soil P bioavailability need to be found. Legumes are efficient in P acquisition and, therefore, could be used to develop new technologies to improve soil P bioavailability. Here, we studied different species and varieties of legumes and their rhizosphere microbiome responses to low-P stress. Some varieties of common beans, cowpeas, and peas displayed a similar biomass with and without P fertilization. The rhizosphere microbiome of those varieties grown without P was composed of unique microbes displaying different levels of P solubilization and mineralization. When those varieties were amended with P, some of the microbes involved in P solubilization and mineralization decreased in abundance, but other microbes were insensitive to P fertilization. The microbes that decreased in abundance upon P fertilization belonged to groups that are commonly used as biofertilizers such as Pseudomonas and Azospirillum. The microbes that were not affected by P fertilization constitute unique species involved in P mineralization such as Arenimonas daejeonensis, Hyphomicrobium hollandicum, Paenibacillus oenotherae, and Microlunatus speluncae. These P-insensitive microbes could be used to optimize P utilization and drive future sustainable agricultural practices to reduce human dependency on a nonrenewable resource.

Entomotoxic Effect of Five Varieties of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea) and a Variety of Red Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) against Old Larvae and Adults of Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae)

The entomotoxic effect of five varieties of Bambara groundnut (McFoSc, BlRSc, BlRAcV, MnRSc, and BnRaSc) and one variety of common bean flours (GGR) is evaluated on old larvae and adults of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) under laboratory conditions with ambient temperatures ranging from 32°C to 36°C. This study aims to mitigate the damage caused by Tribolium castaneum to stored grains and legumes. The flour from each variety was obtained by grinding and sieving. A total of 150g of each flour sample was infested with either 20 old larvae or 20 newly emerged Tribolium castaneum. The variables observed included mortality rates of old larvae and adults, the number of F1 progeny, and the number of larvae, nymphs, and adults in the first generation. The flour of red millet (MR) which is a cereal was considered as control. After introducing the adults into the flours of different varieties, no mortality was observed for the ML, MCFOSC, MNRSC, BNRASC, and GGR varieties within 24 hours. The mortality rates were 1.25 ± 0.96 and 5 ± 0.72 for the BIRSC and BIRACV varieties, respectively. After four weeks of treatment, the cumulative mortality rates for the larvae were 93.75% for the GGR variety, 66.25% for the BIRACV variety, 56.25% for the MCFOSC variety, 55% for the BIRSC variety, 37.5% for the MNRSC variety, 31.25% for the BNRASC variety, and only 5% for the control (MR). The flours of these leguminous crops have a negative impact on the development of Tribolium castaneum by prolonging the duration of larval development. It suggests that these different leguminous seed varieties can be effective in controlling insects during storage.

Impact of Various Levels of Salinity Stress on Growth Attributes of Some Salt-Sensitive and Tolerant Varieties of Mung Bean

Salinity stress poses a significant threat to crop productivity, and understanding the mechanisms of ion uptake and distribution in different cultivars is crucial for developing salt-tolerant varieties. This study investigates the patterns of ion uptake and distribution in salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant cultivars of Vigna radiata, commonly known as mung bean. Hydroponic experiments were conducted under controlled conditions to assess the responses of two contrasting cultivars to varying salt concentrations. The study reveals distinct differences in the ion uptake and distribution between salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant cultivars of V. radiata. Salt-sensitive cultivars exhibited increased sodium (Na+) accumulation in both roots and shoots under saline conditions, leading to disrupted ion homeostasis. In contrast, salt-tolerant cultivars demonstrated efficient ion regulation mechanisms, with a higher capacity for potassium (K+) retention and a lower Na+ to K+ ratio. The study also shed light on the involvement of ion transporters and channels in facilitating differential ion accumulation, highlighting the molecular mechanisms contributing to salt tolerance in Vigna radiata. These findings provide valuable insights into the adaptive strategies of salt-tolerant cultivars, offering a basis for targeted breeding programs aimed at enhancing salinity resilience in this economically significant legume. In summary, this research deepens our understanding of the intricate relationship between ion uptake and distribution in Vigna radiata varieties with varying salt tolerance. It lays the groundwork for developing robust crop varieties capable of thriving in saline environments.

Efficacy of bio-rational insecticide for eco-friendly management of pod borer of mung bean

Pod borer species Maruca vitrata (Geyer) and Euchrysops cnejus (Fab.) are the major limiting constraints in mung bean. The present experiment was conducted in the experimental field of the Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh during March to June 2021 to develop an ecofriendly management approach against pod borer attacking mung bean. Four eco-friendly biopesticides (Biomax 1.8 EC (Abamectin) @ 1.2 ml/L, Tracer 45 SC (Spinosad) @ 0.4 g/, Fytomax PM (0.1% Azadirachtin) @ 5.0 ml/L, Neem Seed kernel Extract (NSKE) @ 50.0 g/L) and clean cultivation were tested against pod borers of mung bean variety BU mug 4. An untreated control treatment was maintained for comparison. The marginal benefit-cost ratio of the treatments and the impact of the treatments on the abundance of beneficial arthropods in the experimental plots were recorded. The management approaches did not affect the abundance of beneficial arthropods in the bean field. The findings revealed that the lowest rate of pod infestation (1.9% by n/n and w/w) as well as the highest marketable yield (1.55 MT/ha) and marginal benefit- cost ratio (3.02) were obtained with the foliar spray with Tracer 45 SC (Spinosad) @0.4 g/L of water at 15 days interval. Tracer 45 SC (Spinosad) @ 0.4 g/L of water at 15 day intervals is an effective, suitable, and viable approach for suppressing pod borer complex without harm to beneficial arthropods in the mung bean field. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2023) 27 (1): 71-79

On-Farm Demonstration and Evaluation of Improved Faba Bean (Vicia Faba L.) Varieties in North Shewa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

On-Farm Demonstration and Evaluation of Improved Faba Bean (Vicia Faba L.) Varieties in North Shewa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Assessment of Yard Long Bean Varieties for Optimal Cultivation in Tropical Conditions

Yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata) is an important leguminous crop in tropical countries. It is a very common vegetable cultivated by the farmers of the South Asian countries including Bangladesh. The popularity of this vegetable is increasing due to its good taste and nutritive value. An experiment based on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted at the Agricultural Research Field, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh, from October 2021 to December 2021 to evaluate the growth and yield performance of four varieties of yard long bean. The varieties were FLK-203, FLK-204, FLK-205, FLK-206. The study revealed that the highest plant height (261.8) was recorded in the Yard-long bean FLK-206 followed by FLK-203 (239.1). The first flowering (31.33 DAP) was found in variety FLK-203 followed by variety FLK-204 (36 DAP). The highest number of pods plant-1 (25.33) was found in Yard long bean variety FLK-204 followed by variety FLK-206 (18.33) plant-1. Maximum fruit length (67.56 cm) was recorded in variety FLK-206 followed by yard-long bean variety FLK-204 (56.16). The highest pod girth (1.06 cm) was in the yard long bean variety FLK-203 followed by FLK-204 (0.8 cm). Maximum number of seed pod-1 (20.66) was found in variety FLK-203 followed by FLK-206 (18.66). The highest weight of 10 seeds (2.21) was found in variety FLK-206 followed by variety FLK-204 (1.16). The highest fresh weight pod-1 (32.4 gm) was in the yard long bean variety FLK-203 followed by FLK-204 (24.23 gm). The highest yield pod-1 (690.26 gm) was in yard-long bean variety FLK-203 followed by FLK-206 (506.2 gm). The highest pod yield ha-1 (82.73 t ha-1) was recorded in yard-long bean FLK-203 followed by FLK-206 (60.73 t ha-1). So, the variety Yard long bean FLK-203 was found superior based on the overall performance for cultivation under the Argo-climatic condition of Noakhali. Vol. 10, No. 3, December 2023: 269-276

Participatory Evaluation and Demonstration of Improved Haricot Bean Varieties in Daro Lebu &amp; Habro Districts of West Hararghe Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Participatory Evaluation and Demonstration of Improved Haricot Bean Varieties in Daro Lebu &amp; Habro Districts of West Hararghe Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Genetic Relatedness in Elite Cultivars of Moth Bean using Morpho-agronomic and Molecular Markers

Background: Moth bean is a very nutritive and hardy crop, especially for resource poor-arid agriculture. The limited use of cultivars in moth bean breeding resulted into narrow genetic base. This study aimed to diversify the conical genetic base and developimproved cultivars, through molecular (RAPD) and morpho-agronomic characterization of commercially elite moth bean cultivars. Methods: Elite moth bean cultivars (15) were evaluated for 11 morpho-agronomic traits. Eleven RAPD markers were used to amplify genomic DNA and perform molecular characterization.Clustering approach was used for grouping of the cultivars. Result: RAPD markers revealed high polymorphism in 15 elite moth bean cultivars. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values varied within the range of 0.45 to 0.88, with an average of 0.77. The number of alleles at different loci ranged from 4 to 16, with an average of 10 alleles per locus. When employing UPGMA-based cluster analysis, utilizing 11 morpho-agronomic traits, the cultivars were grouped into four clusters. However, when RAPD markers were used, the cultivars were grouped into five clusters. The Jaccard’s similarity coefficient and Manhattan dissimilarity coefficient fell within the ranges of 0.18 to 0.70 and 0.02 to 0.42, respectively. These values signify the degree of genetic variability within the cultivars. Furthermore, a Mantel test was conducted to examine the correlation between agronomic traits and the RAPD-based matrix. The results showed a negative correlation, but it was not statistically significant.The high PIC values and the successful amplification of multiple loci demonstrate the efficacy of RAPD markers in assessing genetic diversity in moth beans. The study revealed enormous genetic variation among cultivars and crosses can be attempted between cultivars of different groups to create better recombinants in moth bean breeding programmes.