BD Group Research Articles

Comparative Clinical Efficacy of Guduchyadi Syrup and Guduchyadi Ghanvati in Management of Amlapitta

Introduction: Amalpitta is most common problem nowadays. Guduchyadi yoga kwatha was indicated in classics in the management of Amlapitta. Kwatha is very effective but it is unpleasant to some patients. So the kwatha was converted into preferable dosage form as requirement of present era. Material and Method: A Clinical trial was carried out on 60 Patients of Amlapitta aged 20 to 60 years with complaints of Aruchi, Avipaka, Tiktodgar, Amlodgar, Urodaha, Kanthadaha etc., who were registered from OPD of Government Ayurved Hospital, Vadodara. They were equally divided into two groups i.e. Group A- Guduchyadi Syrup given in 20ml BD dose and Group B- Guduchyadi Ghanavati given at 500mg2 BD ). Each group was treated for 28 days administered empty stomach. The clinical assessment was carried out on the 28th day and 2 weeks after the 28 days of treatment (after follow up period) for the objective & subjective parameters and it was seen that both the dosage form Guduchyadi Syrup and Guduchyadi Ghanavati were very effective and cured or markedly relieved the symptoms of Amlapitta. Results: The study shows the effect of Guduchyadi Syrup and Guduchyadi Ghanavati, which led to cure in 16 patients (53.33%) and 22(73.33%) patients respectively, and markedly improvement in 12(40%) and 8(26.67%) patients affected with Amlapitta disease respectively. Conclusion: Both trial dosage forms of Guduchyadi Yoga, (Group A- Syrup & Group B- Ghanavati ) relieved the symptoms of Amlapitta and both the formulation have comparatively similar efficacy in the management of Amlapitta.

The Effect Of Mind-body Exercise On Working Memory: Differences Between Experts And Novices

BACKGROUND: Working memory is one of the sub-abilities of executive function and plays an important role in the entire cognitive process. However, working memory decline in aging seriously impairs the living ability of older people. Therefore, how to mitigate the decline of working memory function in older adults has become a focal point of current research. Mind-body exercise (MBE) is considered an effective way to delay cognitive decline in older adults, but the effects of MBE on working memory function and mechanisms by which MBE may improve cognition in older adults remain unknown. PURPOSE: This study explores whether long-term MBE will influence working memory function by comparing MBE experts with novices. These findings will a provide theoretical and empirical basis for maintaining the cognitive function of older people. METHODS: A total of 39 healthy older people (all female, mean age = 65.23 ± 2.43 years) from a community in Beijing participated in this experiment. 13 subjects in the Tai Chi group (TC) experienced more than 5 years of TC exercise. 13 subjects in the Baduanjin group (BD) experienced more than 5 years of BD exercise, and 13 subjects without systematic MBE were assigned to the control group. Each participant was administered the N-back task to evaluate working memory function. The primary outcome was reaction time (RT) and accuracy rate (AR) for the N-back task. RESULTS: the TC group and BD group had faster RT for N-back task compared with the novice group (p<0.05). The RT of the BD group was faster than the TC group, but the difference was not significant (p>0.05). The TC group and BD group had higher AR for the N-back task compared with the novice group (p<0.05). The AR of TC group was higher than BD group, but the difference was not significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Different BMEs are beneficial to the working memory function of the elderly. Compared with the novices, long-term BME can significantly improve the working memory function of older adults, which is an effective exercise to maintain the cognitive function of the elderly.

Therapeutic Response to 20 mg of Esomeprazole Twice Daily in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-related Non-cardiac Chest Pain: An Open-Label Randomized Pilot Study

Non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP) is defined as recurrent angina pectoris-like pain without evidence of coronary heart disease, and is usually related to esophageal diseases, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are important for diagnosis and treatment. Many studies have been conducted on the use of PPIs in patients with GERD-related NCCP. In contrast to standard-dose esomeprazole, the efficacy of half-dose esomeprazole twice daily (BD) has not been established. This study compared the efficacies of the two esomeprazole regimens in GERD-related NCCP. In this prospective, open-label study, 37 participants with GERD-related NCCP were randomized to receive either 20 mg of esomeprazole BD (n=21) (esomeprazole BD group) or 40 mg once daily (n=16) (esomeprazole once daily [OD] group) for 4 weeks. In both groups, the chest pain score, which was calculated based on the frequency and severity, was evaluated before and 2 and 4 weeks after administering the medication. The chest pain score significantly improved in both groups (p<0.001). The proportion of patients with chest pain score improvement >50% was 7.7% higher in the esomeprazole BD group than in the esomeprazole OD group (95.2% vs. 87.5%), but the difference was not significant. Esomeprazole BD was as effective as esomeprazole OD in improving GERD-related NCCP. Although statistically insignificant, the percentage of patients with >50% reduction in the chest pain score was higher in the esomeprazole BD group than in the esomeprazole OD group. Large-scale studies will be needed to assess these findings further.

Betanidin pK a Prediction Using DFT Methods.

Betalains can be used in food, drugs, and cosmetic industries and have shown their bioactive potential. These properties are strongly influenced by pH and other physicochemical conditions. The pKa values for the polyprotic Betanidin (Bd) molecule are unknown, and they are crucial to elucidate the oxidation mechanism in which its pigment is involved. In the present study, the values of pKa for all protic groups of Bd were analyzed using five hybrid density functionals (B3LYP, B3PW91, ωB97XD, PBE0, and M06-2X), five basis sets (6-31+G(d), 6-31+G(d,p), 6-31++G(d,p), 6-311+G(d,p), and 6-311++G(d,p)) and the solvation model based on density (SMD) implicit solvation model. Moreover, one and three explicit water molecules were added to improve the solvation free energy values. Furthermore, the values of pKa of betanin, betalamic acid, and cyclo-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) were studied. Based on these analyses, we propose the acid–base behavior of Bd in water and develop new tools to understand their chemical reactivity.

Mineralization-inducing potentials of calcium silicate-based pulp capping materials in human dental pulp cells.

BackgroundThis study was performed to provide a long-term bacterial seal through the formation of reparative dentin bridge, calcium silicate-based pulp capping materials have been used at sites of pulpal exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mineralization-inducing potentials of calcium silicate-based pulp capping materials (ProRoot MTA [PR], Biodentine [BD], and TheraCal LC [TC]) in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs).MethodsSpecimens of test materials were placed in deionized water for various incubation times to measure the pH variation and the concentration of calcium released. The morphology of HDPCs cultured on the specimens was examined using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Alizarin red S staining and alkaline phosphatase assays were used to evaluate mineralization-inducing potentials of the capping materials.ResultsBD showed the highest calcium release in all test periods, followed by PR and TC. (p<0.05). All experimental groups showed high alkalinity after 1 day, except at 14 days. BD showed the highest cell viability compared with PR and TC after 1 and 3 days, while TC showed the lowest value (p<0.05). The CLSM analysis showed that cells were well adhered and expressed actin filaments for all pulp capping materials. Mineralization by PR and BD groups was higher than that by TC group based on alizarin red S staining. BD showed significantly higher alkaline phosphatase activity than PR and TC, while TC showed the lowest value (p<0.05).ConclusionWithin the limitations of the in vitro study, BD had higher mineralization-inducing potential than PR and TC.

Comparative study of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for epidural Anaesthesia in lower limb Orthopedic surgeries

Background: The addition of adjuvants to local anaesthetics causes an improvement in the quality and duration of analgesia which is a pivotal component for both intra operative and post-operative haemodynamic stability. Our study aims to compare the effect of Dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as an adjuvant to epidural bupivacaine in lower limb orthopedic surgeries. Methods: 60 patients of ASA grade l and ll were randomized into two groups: Gr BD: received 15 ml of 0.75% bupivacaine with 1µg/kg dexmedetomidine and Gr BF: received 15 ml of 0.75% bupivacaine with 1µg/kg fentanyl. Onset of sensory analgesia using cold swab or pinprick, onset of motor blockade using Bromage scale, intra operative hemodynamic variations and complications, time of first demand for analgesia, sedation using Ramsay sedation scale were studied. Results: The onset (BD-8.75 ± 2.0, BF-10.85 ± 1.8) and duration of sensory blockade (BD-335 ± 31.5, BF-268 ± 36) was found to be better in BD group, incidences of sedation and hypotention were found to be more in the dexmedetomidine group. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant in a dose of 1 µg/kg is an effective adjuvant to bupivacaine for epidural anesthesia, as compared to fentanyl.

Effects of Microencapsulated Blends of Organics Acids (OA) and Essential Oils (EO) as a Feed Additive for Broiler Chicken. A Focus on Growth Performance, Gut Morphology and Microbiology.

Simple SummaryReplacing antibiotics with natural alternative compounds in poultry feeding is being increased in the last few years to challenge the antibiotic resistance problem. Among natural compounds, organic acids and essential oils could be a favorable option. The goal of the trial was testing the dietary supplementation of a blend of organic acids and essential oils in broiler diets in order to evaluate growth performance and gut healthiness. The blend of organic acids and essential oils improved growth performances at the end of the growing period and favorably affected, to a certain extent, gut morphology at different gut districts. Moreover, a selective microbial control against Clostridium perfringens, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococci and Mesophilic bacteria was found. Additionally, in litter, organic acids and essential oils dietary treatment drove to an overall decrease of Mesophilic bacteria and Enterococci counts. Overall, dietary strategy oriented to a supplementation of a mixture of organic acids and essential oils in broiler diets could offer some favorable perspectives in order to maintain adequate growth performance and gut healthiness either in term of morphology or of microbiology. Nevertheless, improving knowledge on the mechanisms of action of these natural additives together with a potential synergistic action is pivotal to clarify their potential as antibiotic replacers. The goal of the trial was testing the effects of a blend of organic acids and essential oils dietary supplementation on growth performance and gut healthiness in broiler chickens. In total, 420 male Ross 308 chicks (1-day old) were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments: basal (BD) and organic acids and essential oils (OA&EO) diets (three replicates/treatment; 70 broilers/replicate). BD group received commercial diets whereas OA&EO group basal diets + 5 g/kg of microencapsulated organic acids and essential oils. OA&EO treatment improved the average daily gain (p < 0.01) and feed conversion ratio at 37–47 days compared to BD treatment. OA&EO treatment improved gut morphology mostly at ileum and duodenum levels in terms of villi height, crypt depth, number of villi, mucosa thickness and villi area at 24 and 34 sampling days. A certain selective action against Clostridium perfringens in ileum of OA&EO group was shown at 33 (p = 0.053) and 46 days (p = 0.09) together with lower median values for Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococci, Mesophilic bacteria and Clostridium perfringens at ceca level. Overall, organic acids and essential oils supplementation improved growth performance in the final growth stage and some morphological gut traits and reduced to a certain extent Clostridium perfringens count in ileum.

Psychiatric comorbidities in bipolar disorders: An examination of the prevalence and chronology of onset according to sex and bipolar subtype

ObjectivesBipolar Disorder (BD) is frequently comorbid with other psychiatric disorders. However, few studies systematically examine which disorders are more likely to occur pre- or post-BD onset. We examine the prevalence and Age At Onset (AAO) of psychiatric conditions in adults with BD. MethodsA structured clinical interview was used to assess lifetime history and AAO of alcohol and cannabis misuse, suicide attempts, anxiety and eating disorders in a French sample of euthymic patients with BD (n = 739). Regression analyses were used to test for statistically significant associations between rates and AAO of comorbidities in BD groups stratified by sex or subtype. ResultsPrevalence of alcohol and cannabis misuse was associated with male sex and BD-I subtype; whilst most anxiety and eating disorders were associated with female sex. The AAO of most comorbid conditions preceded that of BD, except for panic disorder, agoraphobia and alcohol misuse. Few variations were observed in AAO of comorbidities according to groups. LimitationsAll assessments were retrospective, so estimates of prevalence rates and especially exact AAO of some comorbidities are at risk of recall bias. ConclusionsSex and BD subtype are associated with different rates of comorbid disorders. However, there were minimal between group differences in median AAO of comorbidities. By describing the chronological sequence of comorbidities in BD we were able to demonstrate that a minority of comorbidities typically occurred post-onset of BD. This is noteworthy as these disorders might be amenable to interventions aimed at early secondary prevention.

A Limited Sampling Strategy for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Mycophenolate Mofetil for Prophylaxis of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

A universally accepted strategy for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in the prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) does not exist. We explored the feasibility of developing a limited sampling strategy (LSS) for TDM of MMF in this setting. Patients undergoing alloHSCT received standard MMF-cyclosporine prophylaxis, with MMF administered twice daily (BD) for matched transplant recipients or thrice daily (TID) in haploidentical transplantation. Intensive blood sampling was carried out on day 7 and area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) of mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active metabolite, was estimated using noncompartmental analysis. The ability of MPA exposure defined by AUC0-12 to discriminate between responders (patients who did not develop GVHD) and nonresponders (patients who developed GVHD) was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Patients were divided into training and validation sets within BD and TID groups. Mathematical equations were developed from the training set to predict AUC0-12 from an abbreviated AUC involving a limited number of sampling points. The equations were validated in the validation set by comparing the MPA AUC0-12 predicted from LSS with the observed AUC0-12. It was observed that patients with AUC0-12 ≤18.99 mg*h/L had a higher risk of developing aGVHD [odds ratio (OR) = 2.63 (1.17 to 5.87), P = 0.06]. The benefit was more in matched transplant recipients [OR = 3.5 (1.30 to 9.49), P = 0.05] as compared to haploindentical transplant [OR = 2.8 (0.49 to 15.91), P = NS]. Using the mathematical equations, the observed AUC0-12 was predicted with 92.31% accuracy in the BD subset and 100% accuracy in the TID subset for a combined accuracy of 94.76%. A set of just three samples that constituted the abbreviated AUC1-4 was used to develop the predictive models. The LSS could be employed for the therapeutic monitoring of MMF particularly in patients undergoing matched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

A BD Group Key Negotiation Protocol based on Clustering Technology

A BD Group Key Negotiation Protocol based on Clustering Technology

P.878 Point of care testing for clozapine

The aims of the study were: (1) the evaluation of the agreement between therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and a self-assessment of adherence to psychopharmacological treatments; (2) the identification of predictors of TDM results.Adherence in patients admitted into a psychiatric emergency service (PES) for a relapse of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) or a bipolar disorder (BD; DSM-5) was assessed both directly with TDM and indirectly with a self-reported measure (Medication Adherence Report Scale -MARS- 10 items). The agreement between TDM and MARS was evaluated. Fifty-seven patients with SSD and 76 people with BD participated in the study. TDM was in range in about 50% of the global sample. No evidence of an association between MARS total scores and TDM results was found. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of almost all MARS total scores were near to 50%. Smoking was strongly associated with a reduction of TDM results within the reference range. In the BD group, female sex was a predictor of TDM in range. In this clinical setting, self-assessment of adherence is neither reliable nor predictive. Furthermore, smoking is a strong predictor of poor adherence to psychopharmacological therapy.

Effect of Different Selenium Sources on Growth Performance, Tissue Selenium Content, Meat Quality, and Selenoprotein Gene Expression in Finishing Pigs.

Se-methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys) is a natural organic selenium (Se) supplement. However, its effects on animal nutrition are poorly understood. This study compared the effects of sodium selenite (SeNa), MeSeCys, and selenomethionine (SeMet) on immune function, tissue Se concentration, meat quality, and selenoprotein gene expression in pigs. A total of 72 finishing pigs were divided into four groups, which received a basal diet (BD, 0.1mg Se/kg) without Se supplementation or one supplemented with SeNa, MeSeCys, or SeMet at a concentration of 0.25mgSe/kg. Organic Se supplementation significantly increased the immune globulin A (IgA), IgG, and IgM serum levels compared with BD and SeNa groups (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in growth performance among the four groups. SeMet was more efficient in increasing Se concentrations in the heart, muscle, and liver than MeSeCys and SeNa (P < 0.05), while no statistically significant differences were observed between MeSeCys and SeNa. Se supplementation significantly decreased the pressing muscle loss compared with the BD group (P < 0.05). Meat color and pH were not significantly affected. Se supplement effects on liver selenoprotein gene mRNA level enhancement were ranked as follows: MeSeCys > SeMet > SeNa (P < 0.05). In muscle tissues, only the SELENOW mRNA level was significantly increased by the MeSeCys and SeMet treatment, compared with the SeNa group. In conclusion, SeMet was more efficient in increasing Se concentrations than MeSeCys and SeNa in pigs, while MeSeCys was more efficient in enhancing selenoprotein gene expression than SeMet and SeNa.

Efficacy of Baccharis dracunculifolia in the treatment of diversion colitis in rats

RationaleDisuse colitis is frequent in our country and the most effective treatment is high cost and there is a need for effective and low cost therapy. ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of Baccharis dracunculifolia (field rosemary) in the treatment of exclusion colitis in rats. MethodEighteen Wistar rats were anesthetized and submitted to colostomy; they were then distributed into two groups: Control Group, receiving intrarectal saline infusion (n = 8) and Group BD receiving intrarectal infusion ofBaccharis dracunculifolia extract (n = 10); after 21 days of treatment they were euthanized, the intestinal segment excluded from intestinal transit was resected and submitted to histopathological study, classifying the degree of inflammation and degree of vascular congestion from 0 to 3. ResultsMean inflammation was 2.7 in Control Group versus 2.1 in BD Group (p = 0.049), while mean vascular congestion was 2.3 and 2, respectively, in Control and BD groups (p = 0.1642). ConclusionIntra-rectal infusion ofBaccharis dracunculifolia extract significantly minimized the inflammatory process in the exclusion colitis of rats submitted to colostomy, without altering the degree of vascular congestion.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation with dl-Methionine and dl-Methionyl-dl-Methionine in Breeding Pigeons on the Carcass Characteristics, Meat Quality and Antioxidant Activity of Squabs.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with dl-methionine (dl-Met) and dl-methionyl-dl-methionine (dl-Met-Met) in breeding pigeons on the carcass characteristics, meat quality and antioxidant activity of squabs. A total of 324 pairs of breeding pigeons were selected and allotted to 9 treatments in a completely randomized design, and the birds were fed dietary treatments for 45 d, including a Met-deficient basal diet (BD, crude protein = 15%, Met = 0.25%) and BD + 0.15%, 0.30%, 0.45%, or 0.60% dl-Met or dl-Met-Met diets. Compared with the diet fed to the BD group, dietary dl-Met or dl-Met-Met supplementation effectively increased the carcass yield, semieviscerated yield, eviscerated yield, breast muscle yield, thigh muscle yield, a* value, catalase activity, total superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione peroxidase activity, but decreased the L* value, malonaldehyde concentration, drip loss and cooking loss of squabs (p < 0.05). The relative bioavailability values of dl-Met-Met relative to those of dl-Met were 467% and 376% based on carcass yield and breast muscle yield, respectively (p < 0.001). Moreover, dl-Met-Met was more effective than dl-Met in decreasing the drip loss and improving the antioxidant activity of the breast and thigh muscles of squabs (p < 0.05). As a source of Met, dl-Met-Met, rather than dl-Met, was more beneficial to squabs.

Clinical Experience of Aortic Valve Surgery in Patients With Aortitis Disease.

To investigate single center's clinical experiences of aortic valve surgery for aortitis patients. From January 2010 to December 2018, 15 patients with aortitis disease were treated in our center. Among them, there were 7 males and 8 females with an average age of 48.5 ± 13.9 (29-76) years. Six patients were diagnosed as giant cell arteritis, 2 as Takayasu arteritis (Arteritis Group, N = 8) and 7 as Behcet's disease (BD Group, N = 7). Aortic valve surgery includes valvuloplasty, valve replacement, and root replacement (Bentall procedure). There were 15 cases with 19 operations, 8 cases in the Arteritis Group received 8 operations while 7 cases in the BD Group received 11 operations, including 4 redo operations. Preoperative patients' aortic valve regurgitation degree, diameter of ascending aorta and left ventricular ejection fraction were similar between the two groups. The type of aortic valve surgery also was no different. Cardiopulmonary bypass time of the BD Group seemed longer than the Arteritis Group but no different, the same as clamp time. Mechanical ventilation time is longer in the BD Group. The morbidity and mortality were similar, but the BD Group had significantly higher incidence of redo operations because of postoperative paravalvular leak or valve insufficiency (Arteritis Group versus BD Group, 0% versus 57.1%, P = .026). Clinical diagnosis and management of aortic valve patients with arteritis require comprehensive considerations. For aortitis patients with aortic valve surgery, special surgical techniques can be used to reduce the risk of prosthetic valve detachment.

Chronic inhibition of the sigma-1 receptor exacerbates atrial fibrillation susceptibility in rats by promoting atrial remodeling

AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of the sigma-1 receptor (S1R) on atrial fibrillation (AF) susceptibility in rats. Main methodsRats were randomly assigned into three groups for intraperitoneal treatment with saline (CTL group), BD1047 (an antagonist of the S1R, BD group) or BD1047 plus fluvoxamine (an agonist of the S1R, BD + F group) for 4 weeks. The heart rate variability (HRV) and atrial electrophysiological parameters were measured via the PowerLab system and analyzed by LabChart 8.0 software. Atrial histology was determined with Masson staining. The protein levels of connexin (Cx) 40, Cav1.2, S1R, eNOS, p-eNOS, and p-AKT were detected by western blot assays. Key findingsOur results showed that BD1047 significantly shortened the atrial effective refractory period (ERP) and action potential duration (APD), increased AF inducibility and duration, augmented sympathetic activity, depressed parasympathetic activity, and reduced heart rate variability (HRV) compared with the CTL group. Masson staining also showed a significant increase in atrial fibrosis in the BD group. Furthermore, the expressions of S1R, Cx40, Cav1.2, p-eNOS, and p-AKT were dramatically reduced in the BD group compared with the CTL group (all P < 0.01). However, fluvoxamine administration mitigated most of the abovementioned alterations. SignificanceOur findings indicated that S1R inhibition contributed to atrial electrical remodeling, cardiac autonomic remodeling and atrial fibrosis, which could be attenuated by fluvoxamine, thus providing new insights into the relationship between the S1R and AF.

Dietary Supplementation With Leucine or in Combination With Arginine Decreases Body Fat Weight and Alters Gut Microbiota Composition in Finishing Pigs.

Obesity was associated with change in gut microbiota composition and their metabolites. We investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with leucine (Leu) in combination with arginine (Arg) or glutamic acid (Glu) on body fat weight, composition of gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration in the colon. Forty-eight Duroc × Large White × Landrace pigs with an initial body weight of 77.08 ± 1.29 kg were randomly assigned to one of the four groups (12 pigs per group). The pigs in the control group were fed a basal diet supplemented with 2.05% alanine (isonitrogenous control, BD group), and those in the three experimental groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 1.00% Leu + 1.37% alanine (Leu group), 1.00% Leu + 1.00% Arg (Leu_Arg group), or 1.00% Leu + 1.00% Glu (Leu_Glu group). We found that dietary supplementation with Leu alone or in combination with Arg decreased (p < 0.05) body fat weight, and increased (p < 0.05) colonic propionate and butyrate concentrations compared to the BD group. The mRNA expression levels of genes related to lipolysis increased (p < 0.05) in the Leu or Leu_Arg group compared to the BD group. Negative relationships (p < 0.05) were observed between body fat weight, colonic propionate, and butyrate concentrations. Compared to the BD group, the abundance of Actinobacteria was higher (p < 0.05) in the Leu group, and that of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Terrisporobacter, and Escherichia-Shigella were higher in the Leu_Arg group. The abundance of Deinococcus-Thermus was negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with body fat weight, and was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with butyrate, isovalerate, propionate, and isobutyrate concentrations, and that of Cyanobacteria was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with butyrate, propionate, and isobutyrate concentrations. In conclusion, these findings suggest that decreased body fat weight in pigs can be induced by Leu supplementation alone or in combination with Arg and is associated with increased colonic butyrate and propionate concentrations. This provides new insights for potential therapy for obesity.

Comparação de fentanil e dexmedetomidina como adjuvante à bupivacaína para raquianestesia unilateral em cirurgia de membros inferiores: estudo randômico

Background and objectivesOne of the disadvantages of unilateral spinal anesthesia is the short duration of post‐operative analgesia, which can be addressed by adding adjuvants to local anesthetics. The aim of current study was to compare the effects of adding dexmedetomidine, fentanyl, or saline to bupivacaine on the properties of unilateral spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing calf surgery. MethodsIn this double‐blind clinical trial, 90 patients who underwent elective calf surgery were randomly divided into three groups. The spinal anesthetic rate in each of the three groups was 1mL bupivacaine 0.5% (5mg). In groups BD, BF and BS, 5μg of dexmedetomidine, 25μg of fentanyl and 0.5mL saline were added, respectively. The duration of the motor and sensory blocks in both limbs and the rate of pain during 24h after surgery were calculated. Hemodynamic changes were also measured during anesthesia for up to 90min. ResultsThe duration of both of motor and sensory block was significantly longer in dependent limb in the BF (96 and 169min) and BD (92 and 166min) groups than the BS (84 and 157min) group. Visual Analog Scale was significantly lower in the two groups of BF (1.4) and BD (1.3), within 24h after surgery, than the BS (1.6) group. ConclusionsThe addition of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine in unilateral spinal anesthesia can increase the duration of the motor and sensory block in dependent limb and prolong the duration of postoperative pain. However, fentanyl is more effective than dexmedetomidine.

Symptomatic differences and symptoms stability in unipolar and bipolar depression. Medical charts review in 99 inpatients.

Misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder may result in a non-optimal treatment, higher servicecosts and increase in the patient's suffering and risk of suicidal behavior. Lack of clinically approved and suitable for widely use biomarkers of BD led clinicians to focus on clinical course and symptomatology of depression in BD. The aim of this study was the retrospective evaluation of symptomatic differences and symptoms stability between MDD and BD patients during three subsequent depressive episodes in the inpatient setting. Retrospective chart review of 99 patients with diagnosis of MDD and BD during three subsequent depressive episodes. Chi-squared test and logistic regression was used to analyze the symptomatic profile. Cohen's kappa value used to estimate symptoms stability. Statistical differences were observed in the case of 7 out of 22 depressive symptoms. Somatization (pain and non-pain complains), psychomotor agitation and pathological guilt were more frequent in MDD patients. Anhedonia, attention deficit, and suicidal ideation were more frequent in BD group. In MDD group relatively highest symptom stability was observed for somatization, middle insomnia, early wakening, and attention deficit. In BD group relatively highest symptom stability was observed for delusions, somatization (pain and non-pain complains), initial and middle insomnia, memory disturbance, psychomotor retardation, and pathological guilt. The observed symptomatic differences may be an additional factor of MDD/DB differential diagnosis. Lower than previously reported symptoms stability highlights the need to evaluate more than one depressive episode in differential diagnosis.

2332-PUB: The Effectiveness of Basal Plus Compared with Premixed Insulin in Insulin-Naïve Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of initiating Glargine U100 + Glulisine to Premixed insulin in insulin naïve Asian Indian type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Method: We randomized 101 patients into Glargine U100 + Glulisine (Group 1) and 99 in premixed insulin (Group 2) from 7 different hospitals in Southern India and followed for 24 weeks. Randomized patients were insulin naïve T2D patients on oral antidiabetic drugs. Results: In both the groups &amp;gt; 80% of patients needed an additional dose of insulin (Glulisine in Group 1 and premixed in group 2). There was a significant reduction in all glycemic levels in both groups (p &amp;lt; 0.05), except for a non-significant reduction in HbA1c in group 2 (Figure 1). The dose at the end of the study was 92 units in Group 1 and 50 units in group 2. There was no clinically significant change in body mass index in both groups. The number of episodes of hypoglycemia was significantly more in premixed insulin BD group compared to Glargine U100 + Glulisine BD group (χ2 - 6.1, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Marginally better (non-significant) reduction in HbA1c was noted with Glargine U100 + Glulisine compared to premixed insulin. However, the dose required was higher in group 1 than group 2. The overall episodes of symptomatic hypoglycemia were significantly less in Glargine U100 + Glulisine when compared with the premixed insulin. There was no clinically significant change in body weight in both groups. Disclosure A. Raghavan: None. A. Nanditha: None. K. Satheesh: None. C. Snehalatha: None. A. Catherin Seeli: None. M. Simon: None. P. Susairaj: None. A. Ramachandran: None. Funding Sanofi India Limited