Bauhinia Variegata Research Articles

Qualitative, Quantitative and Cytotoxic estimation of Phytochemicals in aerial parts of Iraqi Bauhinia variegata

Bauhinia variegata L., is a flowering evergreen small medicinal tree characteristic with an aesthetic appearance and the shape of their flowers which resemble the orchid plant. It is a member of Leguminosae family. Commonly called" Khuf Al-Jamal" as in
 
 Arabic and "Camel's feet" as in English. Quantitative estimation of phenolic compounds using UV spectroscopy. Also, HPLC analysis of lupeol and β-sitosterol content of aerial parts B.variegata.
 Moreover, the anticancer activity of stem and leaves hexane extract against AMJ-13 cell was performed, which considered one of the first studies around the world of this plant extracts activity against AMJ-13 cell.

PLANT CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF BAUHINIA VARIEGATA LINN. (CAMEL FOOT TREE): A REVIEW

Bauhinia variegata Linn. (Camel foot tree) is an average sized deciduous tree. It is commonly known as “kachnar”. It belongs to the most nascent family “caesalpiniaceae”. It is a medicinal plant and widely used by the Indian tribes in the form of extract of leaves, buds, flowers, stem bark, stem, root bark, root and seeds. Mountain ebony is popular in Unani, Ayurveda and Homeopathy system of medicine for curing different types of disease. All crudes have been evaluated (alcoholic and aqueous extract) of aerial parts of B. variegate Linn. for in-vitro and in-vivo activity. Various chemical constituents have been isolated from plant parts like flavonoids, glycoside, steroids, tannins and reducing sugar. The numerous prominent pharmacological activities have been also reported like antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, nephroprotective action, immunomodulatory and wound healing effect. In this review, a detail inclusive screening study of chemical constituents of B. variegata Linn. and their pharmacological importance are discussed. KEYWORDS: Mountain Ebony, Phytochemical screening, Aerial plant parts, Kachnar, Pharmacological activity

Restoring Forest With High Density Plantation Method in Medchal District in Telangana State

A study was conducted to find the performance of tree species under Miyawaki method of planting in Chengicherla Range Forest and Rachakonda Commssionarate Range Forest in Medchal District of Telangana State. The plantation was taken up during 2016. Thirty fast growing trees namely Tectona grandis, Pterocarpus santalinus, Bambusa vulgaris, Bombax ceiba, Peltophorum pterocar, Delonix regiapum and medium canopy species are Grevillea robusta, Phyllanthus emblica, Pongamia pinnata, Delonix regia, Tecoma stans, Bauhinia acuminata, Punica granatum, Limonia acidissima and Low canopy Species. Ocimum tenuiflorum, Acalypha hispida, Lawsonia inermi, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Bauhinia variegata, Murraya koenigii, Bougainvillea glabra, Gliricidia sepium respectively are found highly suitable for afforestation in wastelands and also for urban forest. The unexpected natural disasters such as flood, drought, rise in sea level, could affect not only the community but ecology of the region also. The change in climate has adverse effects on food chains, plant, and animal habitats. For addressing climate variations, restoring forest ecosystems and recreating forests could be better solution. Because historical deforestation and degradation of natural resources resulted in a high density of wild plant species and the construction of forests might take many years, the concept of creating green cover in a shorter period of time is gaining traction across continents.

ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY OF BAUHINIA VARIEGATA AND MADHUCA LONGIFOLIA IN MICE

Objective: Bauhinia variegata and Madhuca longifolia, which belongs to Leguminosae and Sapotaceae, respectively, is traditionally used in India for the cure of many diseases. This study represents the result of acute oral toxicity of Bauhinia variegata and Madhuca longifolia on swiss albino mice.
 Methods: Following acute oral administration of 2500 mg/kg crude extracts of Bauhinia variegata and Madhuca longifolia to swiss albino mice, no mortalities or evidence of adverse effects were observed.
 Results: The results of this study agree with those of in vitro experiments, indicating that the use of Bauhinia variegata and Madhuca longifolia leaves is scientifically validated.
 Conclusion: The result was in agreement with that of in vitro experiments, whereby the crude extracts of Bauhinia variegata and Madhuca longifolia did not show toxicity. Based on the outcome of acute toxicity in experimental mice, the crude extracts of both Bauhinia variegata and Madhuca longifolia could be regarded as safe in experimental mice. Further toxicity study over a longer period of time involving detection of effects on vital organ functions would ensure that the plants are safe for human consumption.

A Comprehensive Review on Tailoring an Herbal Approach for Treatment of Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome

The review gives a brief about poly cystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and the symptoms related to the disease. Around 2.2 to 26% of cases of PCOS are present globally. The disorder generally occurs in the reproductive age group of women. The review has a mention of few herbs which can be used to correct the diseased condition. The various herbs have a positive effect on the diseased condition and can be used to cure symptoms like hypothyroidism, hyperplasia, obesity, diabetes, Menorrhagia, sleep disturbances, cardiovascular problems, hyperlipidemia, hirsutism, infertility, irregular menstrual cycle, etc. The herbs included in the review include Bauhinia variegata useful in hormone imbalance, Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia chebula, and Commiphora wightii are used to regulate the hormones, Cinnamon cassia acts as an anti-oxidant, Tribulus terrestris improves reproductive dysfunction, Hypericum perforatum regulates depression, Commiphora myrrha prevents menorrhagia, Nigella sativa controls cholesterol, Saraca asoca has estrogenic action, Asparagus racemosus promotes folliculogenesis, Tinospora cordifolia regulates menstrual flow, Ocimum sanctum as an anti-oxidant. The plants taken had a positive effect on women with PCOS without causing any side effects. The natural herbs used for the treatment of PCOS did not have any side effects and treated the diseased condition naturally. This review aims to understand the natural plants available for the treatment of the disease naturally. The herbs can be used individually or can be used in combination. Keywords: Poly cystic ovarian syndrome, Herbal medicine, Herbs, Natural plants

Chromosomal-level genome assembly of the orchid tree Bauhinia variegata (Leguminosae; Cercidoideae) supports the allotetraploid origin hypothesis of Bauhinia.

Cercidoideae, one of the six subfamilies of Leguminosae, contains one genus Cercis with its chromosome number 2n = 14 and all other genera with 2n = 28. An allotetraploid origin hypothesis for the common ancestor of non-Cercis genera in this subfamily has been proposed; however, no chromosome-level genomes from Cercidoideae have been available to test this hypothesis. Here, we conducted a chromosome-level genome assembly of Bauhinia variegata to test this hypothesis. The assembled genome is 326.4 Mb with the scaffold N50 of 22.1 Mb and contains 37,996 protein-coding genes. The Ks distribution between gene pairs in the syntenic regions indicates two whole-genome duplications (WGDs): one is B. variegata-specific, and the other is shared among core eudicots. Although Ks between gene pairs generated by the recent WGD in Bauhinia is greater than that between Bauhinia and Cercis, the WGD was not detected in Cercis, which can be explained by an accelerated evolutionary rate in Bauhinia after divergence from Cercis. Ks distribution and phylogenetic analysis for gene pairs generated by the recent WGD in Bauhinia and their corresponding orthologs in Cercis support the allopolyploidy origin hypothesis of Bauhinia. The genome of B. variegata also provides a genomic resource for dissecting genetic basis of its ornamental traits.

Multi-objective optimization of performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled with Bauhinia variegata biodiesel using hybrid approach

Multi-objective optimization of performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled with Bauhinia variegata biodiesel using hybrid approach

Ethnobotanical and conservation studies of tree flora of Shiwalik mountainous range of District Bhimber Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.

The present study was carried out to explore and document traditional ethnobotanical knowledge of indigenous rural communities of Shiwalik mountainous range regarding tree flora of the area, District Bhimber of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. The local people of the area primarily depend on wild flora for life sustenance and cure of different infirmities. In this research, data was collected through visual appraisal and participatory rural approach using questionnaire method by applying semi-structured and structured-interview protocols (S4 Table). To validate and explore novelty of research work, various quantitative ethnobotanical indices like informant consensus factor, use value index, fidelity level, relative frequency of citation, relative importance of plants, rank order of priority, Jaccard index and priority ranking were used. The highest ICF was found for jaundice with 0.91 value followed by ICF values of 0.89, 0.86 and 0.85 for wounds, skin diseases and stomach pains, respectively. Fidelity level predicted that Azadirachta indica (Indian lilac tree) ranked first (100%) for its prevalent use in ethnomedicines. Highest use value index (0.61) was found for Azadirachta indica while the highest relative frequency of citation (55) was measured for Melia azedarach. The relative order of priority index was the highest for Azadirachta indica and Acacia arabica L. (ROP = 100) depicting their prevalent use in ethnomedicines. For EB study, the highest relative importance (50.8) was found for Azadirachta indica with good number of agro-uses and its seeds and bark are sold or marketed in local markets to prepare herbal therapeutics by indigenous practioners. The Jaccard index depicted that many traditional ethnomedicinal uses of prescribed trees were novel in recipe form or first time reported such as Senegalia modesta (Phulai) resin was used to prepare ‘Panjoori’ a local tonic prepared from cow or buffalo butter mixing with seeds of Papaver somnifera (Kashkhash) and Prunus amygdalus (Badaam). The wood of many trees like Pinus roxburghii (pine), Dalbergia sissoo (rosewood), Senegalia modesta (Phulai), Acacia. Arabica (kikar), Bombax cieba (cotton tree) is commercially sold as timber in markets (S3 Table). The research proved that population explosion and climate changes have triggered severe biotic and abiotic pressure on tree flora of the study area of Bhimber, AJK. The research describes that plants like Terminalia belerica (belerica), Terminalia arjuna (arjun tree), Cassia fistula (Indian laburnum), Butea monosperma (bastard teak), Phyllanthus emblica (Indian gooseberry), Morus laevigata (Shah toot), Bauhinia variegata (orchid tree) and Flacourtia indica (Indian plum/ kakoo) are threatened species and their population is highly reduced and if reclamation measures for their conservation are not taken, it may lead towards their complete loss from the area. This research recommends sustainable ethnobotanical use of tree flora, their growth and conservation for green and ecofriendly environment for safe and secure future of human generation.

Study of Phenotypic Variability of Kachnar (Bauhinia spp.)

An investigation to Study of phenotypic variability of Kachnar (Bauhinia spp.) was conducted in the Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, IGKV Raipur, Chhattisgarh, during the Rabi season of 2021–2022. Five species for the study were Bauhinia purpurea, Bauhinia acuminata, Bauhinia blakeana, Bauhinia tomentosa and Bauhinia variegata. Different growth characteristics including plant, leaf, flower, and fruit traits, were recorded. According to the findings, Bauhinia purpurea had the tallest plants followed by Bauhinia blakeana, Bauhinia variegata, Bauhinia acuminata, and Bauhinia tomentosa. The longest and widest leaf was measured in Bauhinia purpurea 14.91and 12.04 respectively. Smallest and narrowest leaf was recorded in Bauhinia tomentosa 4.71 and 4.20 respectively. Among all the five species of Bauhinias highly pubescent leaf was discovered in Bauhinia tomentosa only. The Bauhinia acuminata's 3.96 long petiole had the record for being the longest while the Bauhinia tomentosa's 2.10 petiole had the smallest. The Bauhinia blakeana flower measuring 13.160.07 cm had the largest flowerdiameter while Bauhinia tomentosa 3.91 0.41 cm was the smallest. The only Bauhinia species with a pubescent flower bud was Bauhinia tomentosa. Longest petal, stamen and pistil length recorded in Bauhinia blakeana measuring 7.09, 4.8 and 6.91 respectively. Maximum pod length measuring 29.33 and maximum number of seeds per pod 11.90 was recorded in Bauhinia purpurea and minimum pod length measuring 9.25 in Bauhinia acuminata. Minimum number of seeds per pod recorded in Bauhinia acuminata. Bauhinia blakeana did not produce any pods as these species were infertile. The maximum seed weight was recorded in Bauhinia purpurea 30±0.87g and minimum in Bauhinia tomentosa 3.35±0.44g.

SELECTED INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR MITIGATING POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME: A REVIEW

The polycystic ovarian syndrome is one of the most frequent gynecological disorders among reproductive-age women (PCOS). The polycystic ovarian disease is also known as Stein Leventhal syndrome or high androgen anovulation syndrome. It is a common endocrine illness marked by polycystic ovaries, chronic anovulation, and hyperandrogenism, which causes irregular menstrual periods, hirsutism, acne, and infertility. It is linked with a high risk of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and types 2 diabetes all of which can contribute to strokes and cardiovascular disease. It must be diagnosed early in order to avoid future health complications. Because it is a treatable condition, it can be treated with either natural or allopathic medicines. Treatment with phytoestrogenic and non-estrogenic herbs such as Bauhinia variegata, Asparagus racemosus, Saraca asoca, Caesalpinia bonducella, Nigella sativa, Vitex negundo, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and Symplocos racemosa which are effective and safe, polyherbal formulation is obtained from medicinal plants. The role of herbal medicine in the treatment of PCOS is the topic of this review.

Improvement of Diabetic Wound Healing by Topical Application of Hydrogel Preparations of Leaf and Stem Bark of Bauhinia Variegata on Wistar Rats

Improvement of Diabetic Wound Healing by Topical Application of Hydrogel Preparations of Leaf and Stem Bark of Bauhinia Variegata on Wistar Rats

Phytochemical and biological attributes of Bauhinia variegata L. (Caesalpiniaceae).

Bauhinia variegata plant is a very popular and traditionally potent ethnomedicine. Therefore, it is need of hour to study ameliorative characteristics of B. variegata for novel secondary metabolites. The current study was designed to explore antiproliferative potential of B. variegata due to scant reports on this aspect. Extracts of various parts (flowers, leaves, bark, stem, and roots) were prepared by successive maceration using organic solvents in increasing order of polarity (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water). The determination of polyphenolic contents was done by using colorimetric methods while antioxidant potential was measured using reducing power assay. Brine shrimp lethality assay was performed for determining preliminary cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activity against breast cancer MCF-7 cell line using MTT protocols. Moreover, antimicrobial activities were detected by using disc diffusion assay. The alpha-amylase assay was performed to monitor the antidiabetic potential of the plant. In case of phytochemical analysis methanolic extract of leaves and bark showed highest phenolic and flavonoids contents. n-Hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of stem and roots exhibited more than 90% mortality with LD50 ranges between 1-25 µg/mL when studied by brine shrimp lethality assay. n-Hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of roots and stem also showed antiproliferative activity against human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line with IC50 values ranges between 12.10-14.20 µg/mL. Most of the extracts displayed moderately high antibacterial and antifungal activities. The n-hexane extract of roots showed antidiabetic activity with 60.80 ± 0.20% inhibition of alpha-amylase. In sum, these preliminary results will be useful for further compound isolation from selected plant parts for the discovery of antibacterial, antidiabetic, and anticancer lead candidates.

Extraction, Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Potential of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Aerial Parts of Bauhinia variegata

The goals of this research are to screen phytochemicals, perform thin layer chromatography, assess the quantity of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, and measure the antioxidant potential of Bauhinia variegata. The well-known test methodology available in the literature was used to determine the qualitative analysis of various phytochemical elements as well as the quantitative analysis of total phenol and flavonoids. The hydro alcoholic extract of Bauhinia variegata aerial parts was investigated for qualitative and quantitative analyses, as well as antioxidant activity using an in vitro model, namely the 1,1-diphenyl, 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The presence of phenols and flavonoids was discovered by phytochemical research. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of Bauhinia variegata hydroalcoholic extract was 1.454 and 1.112mg/100mg, respectively. Ascorbic acid, which was employed as a control, was also assessed for comparison. In the investigated models, the extract demonstrated dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity. Bauhinia variegata aerial parts For the DPPH technique, hydroalcoholic extract had an IC50 value of 60.22g/ml, which was close to that of ascorbic acid (IC50=17.68g/ml). The IC50 value for the hydrogen peroxide technique was determined to be 76.97g/ml, which compares favourably to ascorbic acid (IC50=18.69g/ml). The current study discusses the phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity, and TLC of Bauhinia variegata, which will be employed for medical purposes in the future.

EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND IN VIVO HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF BAUHINIA VARIEGATA ROOT ETHANOLIC EXTRACT AGAINST CCL4 INDUCED LIVER INJURY IN RATS

Plant derived herbal formulations and remedies provide an effective means for the treatment of various types of disease that are dogmatic and incurable in other types of systems of medicines, but it is essential to explore and establish the scientific basis for therapeutic action of herbal plant medicines. Bauhinia variegata root ethanolic extract was studied for the hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced liver injury in rats. For estimation of hepatoprotective role of B. variegata, total bilirubin count, serum enzymes level and finally histopathological study of liver were performed. This extract’s DPPH radical scavenging potential was also studied. The ethanolic extract of B. variegata root administered orally to animal showed significant depletion in CCL4 induced increased level of SGPT, SGOT, ALP and total bilirubin concentration. Significantly (p<0.05), hepatotoxicity is reversed by treatment with Liv 52 syrup also. For initiation of biochemical analysis, the histopathological studies are provided supportive evidence. This extract also showed better activity in quenching DPPH radical. The ethanolic extract of B. variegata root shows antioxidant property by preventing the formation of trichloromethyl peroxy radicals, and thus reduce tissue damage, which is examined and confirmed by the histopathological studies. Therefore, the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of B. variegata root may be due to its antioxidant potential. Previously studies have reported that plants containing flavonoids possess antioxidant properties. The antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of the test plant may be attributed to the presence flavonoids. B. variegata root ethanolic extract is shown to have hepatoprotective and antioxidant action.

Presence of native trees in rural tribal homegardens doesn’t necessarily mean conservation: A case study from Mishmi belt of Arunachal Pradesh, India

Increasing human population and various developmental activities in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh, which lies in one of the most bio-diverse regions of the world, has caused large-scale deforestation, pushing a large number of native tree species to the serious verge of elimination from their native forest. In such tribal-dominated landscapes around the world, myriads of studies have emphasized the potential of homegardens as a site for local biodiversity conservation as they are known to have a huge Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS) on the use of diverse native floras. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to investigate if the native communities of the Mishmi tribe conserved native indigenous tree species in their homegardens and if they are grown then what is the future of these tree species? It was hypothesized that harbouring greater indigenous knowledge implies greater domestication of tree species in their homegardens. Altogether, 103 species of trees were recorded from 243 homegardens in the present study. Although the native species constituted more than half of the species diversity, they, however, greatly lagged in all other aspects of the study such as population share, frequency distribution and regeneration potential. Native tree species constituted just 37% of the total tree population. Only two species, Bauhinia variegata L. and Alnus nepalensis D. Don, made up the major bulk of the native population. In terms of frequency distribution, only a handful of native species maintained a decent presence in the homegardens. Most of the native species grew naturally in unmanaged homegardens. The regeneration potential of all native species was very poor, including B. variegata. The study demonstrates that out of the 76 native species recorded from the region, only 7 species can rightfully be regarded as being domesticated by virtue of IKS of the Mishmi community. Our study concludes that the native species do exist in large number in homegardens of the rural tribal areas, but most of the native wild species exist in the rural homegardens not because they are planted/preferred but because they just happen to randomly grow there since most of the homegardens of tribal household are unmanaged or poorly managed, thereby giving way to wild species to germinate, at least until the owner decides to weed them out.

Process optimization for drying of Bauhinia variegata flowers: Effect of different pre‐treatments on quality attributes

An attempt has been made for drying of Bauhinia variegata flowers along with retaining its quality attributes. The effect of various pre-treatments namely, steam blanching (0–6 min), potassium metabisulfite (KMS) (0–3,000 ppm), citric acid (0%–1%), and dipping time (0–45 min) was evaluated on physico-chemical as well as phytochemical potential of dried B. variegata flowers. The optimized conditions (blanching time 1.20 min, KMS 1,031 ppm, citric acid 0.35%, and dipping time 18.72 min) for the pre-treatment of B. variegata flowers resulted in desirable retention of the quality attributes (moisture: 14.34%, ash: 3.50%, phenolic: 407.67 mg/100 g, ascorbic acid: 66.38 mg/100 g, protein: 24.18 mg/100 g, tannins: 301 mg/100 g, antioxidant activity: 87.40%, flavonoids: 280.73 mg/100 g, and overall acceptability: 7.57). Cluster analysis revealed that all variables have significant and equal effect on the quality attributes of dried B. variegata flowers. Analysis through FTIR and HPLC counter confirmed the significant effect of the variables. Novelty impact statement The Kachnar (Bauhinia variegata) is not only distributed throughout the India but has its roots throughout the world. It has gained popularity as a medicinal tree traditionally and is being utilized for curing different diseases. Despite of its composition and various health benefits, its commercial utilization is limited because of its availability at limited places for limited time. At various locations, the optimised conditions will aid in obtaining the joy of this nutritive flower for a much longer period of time.

Petiole anatomy of some species of Bauhinia L. sensu lato (Leguminosae Juss.) occurring in India

The petiole is a vital part of the leaf that acts as a bridge between the lamina and stem or branch for the transport of photosynthate, minerals, nutrients and provide flexible mechanical support to the lamina. Its anatomy remains unique and species‐specific. Therefore, twelve species of Bauhinia sensu lato were investigated histologically in the present study. The disparities in the petiole outline, structure and composition of secondary xylem and presence of cell inclusions can be wisely employed for species identification. Conducting elements of the xylem and phloem were arranged as irregularly distributed individual vascular bundles in Schnella guianensis. Several vascular bundles joined to form a double ring of the xylem and phloem in Piliostigma foveolatum, P. malabaricum, P. racemosum, two species of Phanera (P. retusa, P. vahlii) and Bauhinia variegata while in the remaining species, it remained as a single ring. Other features of taxonomic importance are xylem ring that can be circular and complete and if incomplete crescent‐shaped or ‘U' shaped, arrangement of cortical bundles and their position, accumulation of tannin etc. Deposition of tannin was observed in the pith, xylem and phloem parenchyma of Piliostigma foveolatum, P. malabaricum, Bauhinia tomentosa and B. variegata and in the pith and phloem parenchyma of Phanera phoenicea, Piliostigma racemosum and Phanera scandens. Tannin was found absent in B. acuminata and B. purpurea. All these features played important role in species recognition. Structural details of the petiole are described in detail for all the investigated species using standard anatomical methods and light microscopy. Findings revealed that anatomical characteristics of the petiole are of taxonomic value for this genus and can be valuable for species identification and classification.

Identification and Isolation of lupeol and β-sitosterol from Iraqi Bauhinia variegata and determination the cytotoxic activity of the hexane extract of its leaves, stems and flowers

Objective: Bauhinia variegata is evergreen small medicinal tree grows all over the world especially in the tropical regions. The aims of the study were detection, isolation quantification and identification of β-sitosterol and lupeol of Iraqi B. variegata stem using various chromatographic and spectroscopic methods, beside the cytotoxic investigation of hexane extract of different aerial parts. Methods: detection by GC mass spectroscopy, isolated by preparative TLC. The identification and the structural elucidation of isolated β-sitosterol and lupeol were performed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and FTIR. While the cytotoxic activity was performed against MCF-7 cells line. Results: Results highlighted that β-sitosterol and lupeol present in Iraqi B. variegata stem that confirmed by different chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis. Also the leaves extract has the superior action on MCF-7 cells followed by stem extract and end up by flower extract. Conclusions: The plant has a good content of both β-sitosterol and lupeol and the good cytotoxic action of aerial parts hexane extract confirm the successful plantation of B. variegata. These isolated compounds are a suitable candidate for further pharmacological study.

A Detailed Review on Herbal Treatments for Treatment of PCOS- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

The review gives a brief about PCOS and the symptoms related to the disease. Around 2.2 to 26% of cases of PCOS are present globally. The disorder generally occurs in the reproductive age group of women. The review has a mention of few herbs which can be used to correct the diseased condition. The various herbs have a positive effect on the diseased condition and can be used to cure symptoms like hypothyroidism, hyperplasia, obesity, diabetes, Menorrhagia, sleep disturbances, cardiovascular problems, hyperlipidemia, hirsutism, infertility, irregular menstrual cycle, etc. The search engines used are PubMed, various review articles, etc. The method involved in the review includes various medicinal herbs that have been seen to affect women having various gynecological disorders like Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome, Uterine Fibroids, and Endometriosis. The herbs included in the review include Bauhinia variegata useful in hormone imbalance, Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia chebula, and Commiphora wightii are used to regulate the hormones, Cinnamon cassia acts as an anti-oxidant, Tribulus terrestris improves reproductive dysfunction, Hypericum perforatum regulates depression, Commiphora myrrha prevents menorrhagia, Nigella sativa controls cholesterol, Saraca asoca has estrogenic action, Asparagus racemosus promotes folliculogenesis, Tinospora cordifolia regulates menstrual flow, Ocimum sanctum as an anti-oxidant. The plants taken had a positive effect on women with PCOS without causing any side effects. The natural herbs used for the treatment of PCOS did not have any side effects and treated the diseased condition naturally. This review aims to understand the natural plants available for the treatment of the disease naturally. The herbs can be used individually or can be used in combination.

Neuroprotective effect of Bauhinia variegata Linn. leaf extracts in streptozotocin induced diabetes in Sprague Dawley rats.

Bauhinia variegata, a ayurvedic medicinal plant reported for its valuable effects in various diseases. It has shown significant effects in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The present work was designed to study effects of aqueous and alcoholic extract (AE and AlcE) of Bauhinia variegata Linn. leaves in diabetic neuropathy. Male Sprague Dawley rats become diabetic using intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at 55mg/kg dose. After 6weeks, animals were divided and were treated with AE and AlcE at a dose of 250, 500, and 1000mg/kg (p. o.) for the next four weeks. Various parameters such as glucose, thermal hyperagesia, mechanical allodynia, MNCV and oxidative stess were assessed at the end of the study. Diabetic animals showed a significant reduction in response time in tail immersion and hot plate test as compared to animals in normal control group. AE and AlcE at 250, 500, and 1000mg/kg dose significantly increased response time in the tail immersion test. Whereas, AE and AlcE at doses 500 and 1000mg/kg showed significant improvement and in response time in the hot plate test.AlcE at 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg dose increased the nociceptive threshold significantly. AE at doses 500 and 1000mg/kg showed significant improvement in the nociceptive threshold. The decrease in motor nerve conduction velocity was observed in diabetic control animals, which was significantly improved after AlcE treatment as compared to AE treatment. Treatment with AE and AlcE decreased the lipid peroxidation and increased the antioxidant enzyme activity significantly in the sciatic nerve. The results showed that Bauhinia variegata extracts may be considered as a effective option for management of diabetic neuropathy.