Battery Of Psychometric Tests Research Articles

Does Hormone Replacement Therapy After Hypothyroidism Improve Cognitive Performance and Depressive Mood?

Introduction It is well examined that hypothyroidism leads to cognitive losses and depressive moods. A well regulated thyroid metabolic status lowers those dysfunctions. After thyroid cancer and successful hormone replacement therapy cognitive and affective capacities can be re-established. Objectives Do female patients' results in cognitive and affective testing in hypothyroidism after thyroid cancer differ from the same patients' results in euthyroid? Aims We assume the hypothesis that there is an improvement in cognitive performance and the depressive mood in euthyroidism compared with earlier hypothyroidism. Methods In this study during 20 months N = 24 healthy female patients' hypothyroid metabolic statuses after thyroid cancer and thyreoidectomy were examined as an inpatient and within at least six months later as an outpatient in euthyroidism. At both examination dates the patients filled in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and a psychometric test battery (Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, D2-Test). Results A Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test indicate significant differences between hypothyroidism and euthyroid in favour of euthyroid in the BDI (M = z = – 3.56, p z = -4.20, p z = – 2.56, p = .011). Conclusions Our findings suggest that there is a relation between the hypothyroidism, depressive mood and fields of cognition (concentration and visual memory). It implies that a hormone replacement therapy should be initiated as quickly as possible for patients with hypothyroidism to re-establish their quality of life, performance and treatment compliance.

Sensitivity and validity of psychometric tests for assessing driving impairment: effects of sleep deprivation.

ObjectiveTo assess drug induced driving impairment, initial screening is needed. However, no consensus has been reached about which initial screening tools have to be used. The present study aims to determine the ability of a battery of psychometric tests to detect performance impairing effects of clinically relevant levels of drowsiness as induced by one night of sleep deprivation.MethodsTwenty four healthy volunteers participated in a 2-period crossover study in which the highway driving test was conducted twice: once after normal sleep and once after one night of sleep deprivation. The psychometric tests were conducted on 4 occasions: once after normal sleep (at 11 am) and three times during a single night of sleep deprivation (at 1 am, 5 am, and 11 am).ResultsOn-the-road driving performance was significantly impaired after sleep deprivation, as measured by an increase in Standard Deviation of Lateral Position (SDLP) of 3.1 cm compared to performance after a normal night of sleep. At 5 am, performance in most psychometric tests showed significant impairment. As expected, largest effect sizes were found on performance in the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT). Large effects sizes were also found in the Divided Attention Test (DAT), the Attention Network Test (ANT), and the test for Useful Field of View (UFOV) at 5 and 11 am during sleep deprivation. Effects of sleep deprivation on SDLP correlated significantly with performance changes in the PVT and the DAT, but not with performance changes in the UFOV.ConclusionFrom the psychometric tests used in this study, the PVT and DAT seem most promising for initial evaluation of drug impairment based on sensitivity and correlations with driving impairment. Further studies are needed to assess the sensitivity and validity of these psychometric tests after benchmark sedative drug use.

32. Perioperative monitoring of cognitive functions by event-related potentials and psychometric tests

Introduction Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is well recognized, but poorly understood syndrome. The role of used anaesthetics remains unclear. Neurophysiologic method – auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) are widely used for assessment of cognitive brain functions. Objectives To test the difference in occurrence of POCD between patients undergoing sevoflurane and propofol anaesthesia using standard psychometric tests and ERPs. Methods We present results of scheduled interim analysis of the prospective randomized trial after inclusion of 30 patients undergoing lumbar discectomy. Patients were randomized to receive either sevoflurane (group S; n = 18) or propofol anaesthesia (group P; n = 12). Anaesthesia depth was controlled by BIS monitoring. POCD was assessed using modified standard psychometric test battery and ERPs (wave N100 and P3) in defined time-points (preoperatively and postoperatively on day 1, 7 and 40). POCD was defined as a decline of more than one standard deviation in three or more tests. Results ERPs analysis of the S group showed increase in the latency (84.9 ± 1.4 vs. 81.4 ± 1, p = 0.03) and decrease of the amplitude (6.3 ± 0.6 vs. 8.0 ± 0.8, p POCD using standard tests was diagnosed in 6 patients (33 %) of S group versus 2 (17 %) in P, p = 0.41. Temporary occurrence of new POCD development did not differ between groups (4, 5 and 4 pts. vs. 1, 1 and 0 pts.; on day 1, 7 and 40 in groups S and P respectively; p = 0.31). In the S arm a significant decrease in Categorical Verbal Fluency score (CVF) was observed on day 1 (13.7 ± 0.8; p Conclusions ERPs analysis showed early auditory sensory impairment and late cognitive decline after sevoflurane use, however these changes were subclinical. POCD occurrence was non-significantly more frequent among patients after sevoflurane anaesthesia, possibly associated with short-term semantic memory impairment assessed by CVF decline. The study is supported by Charles University grant PRVOUK P36 and grant GACR P407/12/1525.

Disrupted Structural Connectome Is Associated with Both Psychometric and Real-World Neuropsychological Impairment in Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is likely to disrupt structural network properties due to diffuse white matter pathology. The present study aimed to detect alterations in structural network topology in TBI and relate them to cognitive and real-world behavioral impairment. Twenty-two people with moderate to severe TBI with mostly diffuse pathology and 18 demographically matched healthy controls were included in the final analysis. Graph theoretical network analysis was applied to diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data to characterize structural connectivity in both groups. Neuropsychological functions were assessed by a battery of psychometric tests and the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe). Local connection-wise analysis demonstrated reduced structural connectivity in TBI arising from subcortical areas including thalamus, caudate, and hippocampus. Global network metrics revealed that shortest path length in participants with TBI was longer compared to controls, and that this reduced network efficiency was associated with worse performance in executive function and verbal learning. The shortest path length measure was also correlated with family-reported FrSBe scores. These findings support the notion that the diffuse form of neuropathology caused by TBI results in alterations in structural connectivity that contribute to cognitive and real-world behavioral impairment.

Evaluation of a new computerized psychometric test battery: Effects of zolpidem and caffeine

Objective:To evaluate the effects of centrally active drugs using a new indigenously developed automated psychometric test system and compare the results with that obtained using pencil- and paper-based techniques.Materials and Methods:The tests were standardized in 24 healthy participants. Reproducibility of the test procedure was evaluated by performing the tests by a single experimenter on two occasions (interday reproducibility). To evaluate the sensitivity of the tests, the effects of zolpidem (5 mg) and caffeine (500 mg) versus placebo were studied in 24 healthy participants in a randomized, double-blind three-way crossover design.Results:Psychometric tests were performed at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 h after administration of study medication. The effects of zolpidem and caffeine on the psychomotor performance were most pronounced 1 h after administration. At this time, a significant impairment of performance in the simple reaction test (SRT), choice discrimination test (CDT), digit symbol substitution test (DSST), digit vigilance test (DVT), and card sorting test (CST) was observed with zolpidem. In contrast, caffeine showed a significant improvement in performance in CDT and DVT only.Conclusion:The results suggest that the tests of the computerized system are more sensitive and reliable then the pencil and paper tests in detecting the effects of central acting agents and are suitable for use in clinical areas to conduct studies with patients.

Successful Transitions to the Olympic Training Center, Colorado Springs: A Mixed-Method Exploration with Six Resident-Athletes

Researchers examine athletic career transition in a quest to optimize performance achievements and the well-being of athletes (Alfermann & Stambulova, 2007). This exploratory study examined the internal and external resources that contributed to a successful transition to the Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs (CSOTC). Six athletes (four males and two females; M age = 23.5 when entering CSOTC) participated in individual interviews (dominant feature of the mixed-method design) and responded to a battery of psychometric tests (less dominant feature). The composite (qualitative and quantitative) findings included three meta-themes: optimism, sport-life balance, and transition- and performance-enhancing resourcefulness.

Depression und Gedächtnis: Gedächtnisleistungen im Vergleich zwischen Depressiven und Gesunden

This study examines whether patients suffering from a major depression episode or recurrent depression reveal impairments in different memory components compared to healthy controls. Memory functions are examined and compared by assessing the examinees' performances on free recall and recognition tasks. Performances of 200 depressed inpatients and outpatients as well as 200 healthy controls on memory tasks were assessed using a psychometric test battery. Data was evaluated by analyzing the differences of mean values and the heterogeneity of relevant effect sizes. Depressed patients showed lower performances on all episodic memory tasks compared to healthy controls. The size of deficits turned out to vary depending on the type of affective disorder and the type of memory task.

Assessment of Behavior Abnormalities of Corticosteroids in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome

Introduction. The objective of this work was to define the frequency and severity of steroid related behavioral side effects in children with steroid sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) during Treatment for relapse. Methods. 30 pediatric patients with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome were studied; known as SSNS at complete remission or low dose of Prednisolone and have relapse on follow up. All children in this study were subjected to full history taking, thorough clinical examination, assessment socioeconomic standard, and assessment of pediatric quality of life, a battery of psychometric tests included pediatric anxiety, depression, and aggression scores. Results. Our results revealed that there are highly significant increase in the mean values of anxiety, depression and aggression among cases starts to appear on week one and extends to three, five and seven weeks compared to baseline. In the seventh week of follow up cases show significant positive correlation between prednisone doses and mean values of anxiety and depression scores and aggression. Conclusion. we concluded that all studied children with SSNS often experience significant problems with anxiety, depression, and increased aggression during high dose steroid therapy.

Orexin receptor antagonism: an ascending multiple-dose study with almorexant

The objectives of this study were to investigate the multiple-dose tolerability, safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the dual orexin receptor antagonist almorexant. Healthy subjects received daily doses of almorexant (100, 200, 400 or 1000 mg) or placebo in the morning for four days followed by two days with evening administration (Days 5-6). Each dose level was investigated in a new group of 10 subjects (eight active, two placebo, 1:1 sex). Dose-dependent increases in frequency and intensity were observed for somnolence and other adverse events. Pharmacokinetics at steady state showed rapid absorption, low concentrations eight hours post-dose, and minimal accumulation. Following evening, administration absorption was delayed and C(max) decreased. Almorexant at 400 and 1000 mg administered in the morning reduced vigilance, alertness, visuomotor coordination, and motor coordination assessed in a psychometric test battery. Polysomnography recordings following evening administration showed a trend towards shorter latency to sleep stages 3 and 4, and shorter latency to, and longer time in, rapid-eye-movement sleep at higher doses when compared to placebo. Whether these findings in healthy subjects translate into relevant sleep-enabling effects in insomnia patients needs to be investigated in future studies.

Parental phonological memory contributes to prediction of outcome of late talkers from 20 months to 4 years: a longitudinal study of precursors of specific language impairment

BackgroundMany children who are late talkers go on to develop normal language, but others go on to have longer-term language difficulties. In this study, we considered which factors were predictive of persistent problems in late talkers.MethodsParental report of expressive vocabulary at 18 months of age was used to select 26 late talkers and 70 average talkers, who were assessed for language and cognitive ability at 20 months of age. Follow-up at 4 years of age was carried out for 24 late and 58 average talkers. A psychometric test battery was used to categorize children in terms of language status (unimpaired or impaired) and nonverbal ability (normal range or more than 1 SD below average). The vocabulary and non-word repetition skills of the accompanying parent were also assessed.ResultsAmong the late talkers, seven (29%) met our criteria for specific language impairment (SLI) at 4 years of age, and a further two (8%) had low nonverbal ability. In the group of average talkers, eight (14%) met the criteria for SLI at 4 years, and five other children (8%) had low nonverbal ability. Family history of language problems was slightly better than late-talker status as a predictor of SLI.. The best predictors of SLI at 20 months of age were score on the receptive language scale of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and the parent's performance on a non-word repetition task. Maternal education was not a significant predictor of outcome.ConclusionsIn this study, around three-quarters of late talkers did not have any language difficulties at 4 years of age, provided there was no family history of language impairment. A family history of language-literacy problems was found to be a significant predictor for persisting problems. Nevertheless, there are children with SLI for whom prediction is difficult because they did not have early language delay.

General and Victim-Specific Empathy

An empathy-related component has been included in most sex offender treatment programs since the 1980s; however, research linking empathy to sexual offending and/or to treatment outcome has produced mixed findings. This study examined the relationship between victim specific empathy, general empathy, and overall treatment change (determined by responses on a battery of psychometric tests) with static risk (Risk Matrix 2000 [RM 2000]) and sexual offense reconviction data in a sample of 105 offenders who completed treatment while in prison or in the community in England and Wales and followed up for an average period of more than 10 years. Victim-specific empathy improved from pretreatment to posttreatment and related to overall treatment change. A small group of offenders, whose victim empathy scores deteriorated from pretreatment to posttreatment, had higher rates of sexual recidivism compared with the rest of the sample. In contrast, neither were any reliable pretreatment to posttreatment changes noted on general empathy scores, except for an indication on the Interpersonal Reactivity Index Personal Distress Scale, nor was any relationship found to sexual recidivism. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to treatment goals and sexual recidivism.

Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression Are Correlates of Angina Pectoris by Recent History and an Ischemia-Positive Treadmill Test in Patients with Documented Coronary Artery Disease in the Pimi Study

Objective. We tested the association of specific psychological characteristics in patients having stable coronary disease with the reporting of anginal symptoms during daily activities, and positive exercise testing. Methods. One hundred and ninety-six patients with documented CAD enrolled in the Psychophysiological Investigations of Myocardial Ischemia (PIMI) Study completed an anginal history questionnaire and a battery of psychometric tests. They also underwent standardized exercise treadmill tests. Results. Patients with a recent history of angina were more likely to be female, and had higher Beck Depression (P = .002), State Anxiety (P = .001), Trait Anxiety (P = .03), Harm Avoidance (P = .04) and Muscle Tension (P = .004) scores than patients who had no recent history of angina. Along with several treadmill variables indicating more severe disease state and reduced exercise tolerance, patients who developed angina on a positive treadmill test also displayed higher scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (P = .003) and State Anxiety (P = .004) scales. Conclusions. Several psychological characteristics, and most notably anxiety and depression, are strong correlates of recent angina and angina in the presence of ischemia provoked by treadmill testing.

Contribution of hyperammonemia and inflammatory factors to cognitive impairment in minimal hepatic encephalopathy

To assess the contribution of hyperammonemia and inflammation to induction of mild cognitive impairment (or MHE). We analyzed the presence of mild cognitive impairment (CI) by using the PHES battery of psychometric tests and measured the levels of ammonia and of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-18 in blood of patients with different types of liver or dermatological diseases resulting in different grades of hyperammonemia and/or inflammation. The study included patients with 1) liver cirrhosis, showing hyperammonemia and inflammation; 2) non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) showing inflammation but not hyperammonemia; 3) non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) showing inflammation and very mild hyperammonemia; 4) psoriasis, showing inflammation but not hyperammonemia; 5) keloids, showing both inflammation and hyperammonemia and 6) controls without inflammation or hyperammonemia. The data reported show that in patients with liver diseases, cognitive impairment may appear before progression to cirrhosis if hyperammonemia and inflammation are high enough. Five out of 11 patients with NASH, without liver cirrhosis, showed cognitive impairment associated with hyperammonemia and inflammation. Patients with keloids showed cognitive impairment associated with hyperammonemia and inflammation, in the absence of liver disease. Hyperammonemia or inflammation alone did not induce CI but the combination of certain levels of hyperammonemia and inflammation is enough to induce CI, even without liver disease.

Neurocognitive outcome in patients with hypertyrosinemia type I after long‐term treatment with NTBC

The implementation of NTBC into treatment of hypertyrosinemia type I (HT I) greatly improved survival by prevention of acute liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, there are first reports of cognitive impairment in patients with elevated plasma tyrosine concentrations. We here assess the neurocognitive development using standardized psychometric test batteries with respect to cognition, motor abilities and speech in nine early-treated patients with HT I under long-term NTBC treatment. High plasma tyrosine concentrations were frequently documented resulting in elevated 12-month median plasma tyrosine concentrations in seven out of nine patients. Plasma NTBC concentrations were generally in the lower therapeutic range. Five out of seven patients (71%) above 3 years of age had a total IQ score below the average. In addition, five out of seven patients above 3 years showed an inhomogenous test profile with significant differences between the different testing scales. Motor abilities were subnormal in four out of seven patients(57%). Cerebral MRI revealed no abnormalities. Logopedic evaluation in children at school age documented dysfunction or retardation in language development in all but one of the tested patients (80%), however, all but one patients had a migration background. A high number of patients performed below normal in the assessment of development, motor function and speech. We propose intellectual impairment as long-term complication in HT type I with elevated plasma tyrosine under NTBC treatment as observed in other hypertyrosinemias. These findings remain to be reproduced in greater patient numbers.

Predicting psychopharmacological drug effects on actual driving performance (SDLP) from psychometric tests measuring driving-related skills

RationaleThere are various methods to examine driving ability. Comparisons between these methods and their relationship with actual on-road driving is often not determined.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine whether laboratory tests measuring driving-related skills could adequately predict on-the-road driving performance during normal traffic.MethodsNinety-six healthy volunteers performed a standardized on-the-road driving test. Subjects were instructed to drive with a constant speed and steady lateral position within the right traffic lane. Standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP), i.e., the weaving of the car, was determined. The subjects also performed a psychometric test battery including the DSST, Sternberg memory scanning test, a tracking test, and a divided attention test. Difference scores from placebo for parameters of the psychometric tests and SDLP were computed and correlated with each other. A stepwise linear regression analysis determined the predictive validity of the laboratory test battery to SDLP.ResultsStepwise regression analyses revealed that the combination of five parameters, hard tracking, tracking and reaction time of the divided attention test, and reaction time and percentage of errors of the Sternberg memory scanning test, together had a predictive validity of 33.4%.ConclusionThe psychometric tests in this test battery showed insufficient predictive validity to replace the on-the-road driving test during normal traffic.

Neurocognition of aging in working environments

Aging is accompanied by changes in sensory, motor and cognitive functions. Particularly, a high status of so-called fluid cognitive functions is crucial for the employability at an older age. This status, which can be assessed by psychometric and neuroimaging methods, depends on a number of factors like physical constitution, nutrition, education and work demands. This paper systematically analyses factors affecting cognitive functions in aging and reviews current neuroscientific findings regarding training induced neuronal plasticity and compensation of cognitive declines in aging. In the second part the relationship between cognitive functions and the type of work will be discussed and the project PFIFF presented as an example for transfer of neuroscientific basic research to an applied context that aimed at ameliorating and evaluating age- and job-related cognitive deficits. The results of the first project period showed that cognitive decline, as revealed in behavior and brain wave data, may be accelerated by long-lasting unchallenging work and, hence, may occur already in middle age. In the second part of PFIFF a 3-month program consisting of a supervised cognitive training was implemented in a group of 120 assembly-line employees. Before and after the training a comprehensive battery of psychometric and EEG-based tests was administered. The results provide evidence that training in older employees with repetitive work improves impaired cognitive abilities and brain processes found in the first part of the project. These beneficial effects are apparently mediated by preserved brain plasticity in middle-aged and older individuals. This training approach appears to be suitable in order to improve mental fitness of elderly employees. The PFIFF project can be seen as a part of a comprehensive program for promoting mental fitness in older employees.

Focal and nonfocal prospective memory performance in very mild dementia: A signature decline.

In a recent study, performance on a certain kind of prospective memory task (PM), labeled focal PM, was sensitive to the very early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD; Duchek, Balota, & Cortese, 2006). This study sought to replicate and extend these findings by investigating both focal and nonfocal PM, as well as possible influences of alleles of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene. Thirty-five healthy older adults and 33 adults in the very earliest stages of AD, as determined by the clinical dementia rating scale, completed both focal and nonfocal PM tasks. Performance on these tasks has been linked to qualitatively different cognitive processes (Scullin, McDaniel, Shelton, & Lee, 2010), thereby providing leverage to illuminate the specific processes that underlie PM failures in very early AD. Approximately half of the adults in each group were ApoE e4 carriers and half were noncarriers. We also obtained participants' scores on a battery of standard psychometric tests. There was a significant interaction between the type of PM task and dementia status, p < .05, ηp² = .12, demonstrating that the AD-related decline was more robust for focal than for nonfocal PM. Further, focal PM performance significantly discriminated between the very earliest stages of AD and normal aging, explaining variance unique to that explained by typical psychometric indices. ApoE status, however, was not associated with PM performance. The pronounced deficit observed in the focal PM task suggests that spontaneous retrieval processes may be compromised in very early AD.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction after noncardiac surgery: effects of metabolic syndrome

Vascular risk factors, including metabolic syndrome, are known to contribute to the development of cognitive dysfunction. We tested the hypothesis that patients with metabolic syndrome are more likely to develop cognitive dysfunction after noncardiac surgery. Age- and education-balanced patients (n = 60) undergoing elective noncardiac surgery with and without metabolic syndrome and 30 nonsurgical controls were enrolled. Recent verbal and nonverbal memory and executive functions were assessed using a psychometric test battery before and 1 month after noncardiac surgery or at a 1-month interval in nonsurgical controls. Neurocognitive scores under baseline conditions were similar in surgical patients with versus without metabolic syndrome in all examined cognitive modalities (recent nonverbal and verbal memory, executive functions). Pronounced reductions in tests of verbal memory (delayed story recall, immediate and delayed word list recall) and executive function (backward digit span) were observed in patients with versus without metabolic syndrome after surgery. Overall cognitive performance after surgery was also significantly (P = 0.03) more impaired in patients with versus without metabolic syndrome. The prevalence rate of POCD wasdifferent in the studied groups (17/30 [corrected] and 8/30 in patientswith versus without metabolic syndrome; P < 0.02). The results indicate that cognitive functions were more profoundly impaired in patients with metabolic syndrome undergoing noncardiac surgery compared with their healthier counterparts.

Stress and coping in caregivers of patients awaiting solid organ transplantation

Caregivers for patients undergoing solid organ transplantation play an essential role in the process of transplantation. However, little is known about stress and coping among these caregivers. Six hundred and twenty-one primary caregivers of potential candidates for lung (n = 317), liver (n = 147), heart (n = 115), and/or kidney (n = 42) transplantation completed a psychometric test battery at the time of the candidate's initial pre-transplant psychosocial evaluation. Caregivers were generally well adjusted, with only 17% exhibiting clinical symptoms of depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II score >13) and 13% reporting clinical levels of anxiety (State Trait Anxiety Inventory score >48). Greater caregiver burden and negative coping styles were associated with higher levels of depression. Greater objective burden and avoidant coping were associated with higher levels of anxiety. Caregivers evidenced a high degree of socially desirable (i.e., defensive) responding, which may reflect a deliberate effort to minimize fears or worries so as to not jeopardize patients' listing status.

Elevated Biochemical Markers of Myocardial Injury are not Associated with Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction after Coronary Artery Surgery

Background: The systemic inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and organ hypoperfusion during CPB contribute to cerebral and myocardial dysfunction in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. We hypothesized that biochemical markers of myocardial injury [creatine kinase - myocardial band (CK-MB), troponin-I] may be independently associated with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD; an indicator of cerebral dysfunction) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery using CPB. Methods: Eighty-eight age- and education-balanced patients=55 years of age undergoing elective CABG with CPB and 28 nonsurgical controls with coronary artery disease were enrolled. Recent verbal and nonverbal memory and executive functions were assessed before surgery, 1 week, and 3 months after surgery using a standard psychometric test battery. Plasma CK-MB and troponin-I concentrations were determined before and at the end of surgery. Plasma troponin-I concentrations were also measured 24 hours after surgery. Results: Performance on two cognitive tests decreased at least two standard deviations (SD) from baseline and performance on five additional tests decreased 1 SD 1 week after surgery. After 3 months, performance on six tests was at least a 1 SD below baseline. CK-MB and troponin-I concentrations were significantly (p<0.00001) elevated after surgery. There was no correlation between overall cognitive function (measured by average z-score) and postoperative CK-MB or troponin-I concentrations 1 week or 3 months after surgery. Conclusion: The results suggest that elevated postoperative CK-MB or troponin-I concentration alone is not associated with the subsequent development of short- and medium-term impairment of cognitive functions after CABG.