University Of Basra Research Articles

Measuring relational aggression among university students

This research aims to identify relational aggression among university students, according to the variables (gender, specialization), and to achieve the research objectives, the researchers adopted the Caitlin M. relational aggression scale. Clark (2017), which consists of (38) items and (2) two domains, and after it was translated, statistical analysis of the scale was conducted after applying it to a sample of (400) male and female students from the University of Basra. All items of the scale were distinct, and the psychometric properties of validity and reliability were conducted. Thus, it became in its final form, and was applied to a sample of Basra University students, the size of which was (376), distributed according to gender and specialization. The results showed that university students do not have relational aggression, and there are no statistically significant differences on the gender variable (males - females). There are differences. There is a statistical significance on the specialization variable (scientific - humanities) towards the humanitarian specialization.

A Study of The Work of The Flap Plow in Silty Loam Soil (Mould Board Plow)

This study was carried out in one of the agricultural fields affiliated to the University of Basra in the year 2022, where the study included the use of the tractor type (Massey Ferguson MF 375) with the rotary cultivator at different speeds, as well as the use of different depths to study the effect of this on silty clay soils. In this experiment, the effect of two factors was studied. They are the plowing depths (0.13, 0.185, 0.235 m) and the plowing speed of the tractor with the tipper plow, which ranged from (0.977, 1.347, 1.805 m/sec) in the studied technical indicators, which included practical productivity, the real efficiency of the symptoms, soil resistance to penetration, and the percentage of slip. The research was carried out according to the randomized complete block design and with four replications using the practical experiment method, where the statistical results and differences tests were analyzed in a manner with the least significant difference at the level of (0.05). To the decrease in the practical productivity and field efficiency of the plows with an increase in soil resistance to penetration and the percentage of slippage, and the plowing depth exceeded 0.15 meters over the plowing depths (0.235, 0.185) meters in achieving the highest rate of practical productivity with the highest field efficiency of the plow, as well as achieving the lowest soil resistance rate For penetration with the lowest anti-overturning ratio, while increasing the practical speed of the plow from 0.997 to 1.347 m/sec and then to 1.805 m/ sec led to an increase in practical productivity with a decrease in the field efficiency of the plow as well as an increase in soil resistance to penetration with an increase in the slip percentage.

Gender and Specialty Influence on Narcissism in University Students

Background: Narcissistic personality traits have garnered increasing attention in psychological research, particularly within academic environments where student behavior and performance are critical. Understanding these traits and their influencing factors is essential for improving student well-being and academic outcomes. Specific Background: The impact of gender and field of study on narcissistic traits among university students remains underexplored. Kernberg's (1970) theoretical framework provides a basis for investigating these traits through empirical measures. Knowledge Gap: While previous studies have examined narcissism broadly, there is limited research focusing specifically on how gender and academic specialization affect narcissistic traits among university students. Aims: This study aimed to identify narcissistic personality traits among university students and examine variations based on gender and field of study using a newly developed Narcissistic Personality Scale. Results: The research, involving 376 students from the University of Basra, utilized a 35-item scale validated through rigorous psychometric testing. The results indicated that the average narcissism score was significantly higher than the hypothesized mean. Male students exhibited higher levels of narcissism compared to female students, and humanities students scored higher than their scientific counterparts. Novelty: This study provides new insights into the prevalence and variance of narcissistic traits among university students, highlighting significant differences related to gender and academic specialization. Implications: The findings underscore the need for university programs to address narcissistic traits and their impact on student behavior and academic performance. Future research should investigate the longitudinal effects of narcissism and evaluate interventions aimed at reducing these traits. Highlights: Gender differences: males show higher narcissism. Humanities students exhibit more narcissistic traits. Calls for targeted university interventions. Keywords: narcissistic personality, university students, gender differences, academic specialization, psychometric scale

Measuring Social Behavior According to the Psychology of Bilateral Relationships and its Relationship to Gender and Geographical Location for University Students Applying 2022-2023

Activation of all social roles that university student must show during stage of university application in middle and high schools, so research problem is that achieving sufficient studies in field of social behavior does not reach level that students of physical education and sports science . Research aim Building, legalizing and applying a measure of components of social behavior (his behavior with himself, his behavior with his supervisor’s teacher, his behavior with school administration, his behavior within his students inside lesson) according to (bilateral relations) for students applied in middle schools. research community is one of students and students of fourth stage in Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Basra University for academic year 2022- 2023, which number (236) of morning and evening studies. As for research sample, it reached (180) male and female students and percentage (76.27% ) of original community of research, researchers chose two samples for that, first to build scale for social behavior according to basic components of student’s applied behavior . Most important recommendation: Conducting similar studies that deal with behavioral components that researcher proposed according to each of levels that researcher has placed within research. Supporting various curricula and various sporting and social activities that urge social behavior and search for best ways that contribute to development and development in a way that suits university’s university life. Take advantage of students who have a very high level of social behavior in leading various social activities inside and outside college.

ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, AND PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS USAGE BY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF MEDICAL GROUP IN BASRA, IRAQ

Background: Psychological disease is strongly prevalent among college and university students worldwide with negative impacts on students’ life. Specifically, medical group students have long time of study with suffer from competitive ambience and sleep privation, that lead to out of the way from perfect learning environment. When medical students are abused psychotropic drugs that lead to defect on performance, health, life style and interpose with their concentration. Aim: to investigate the prevalence rate of depression and anxiety in university students of medical group in Basra, and estimate the rate and type of psychotropic drugs consumption by them. Method: The study data was collected from 376 students of medical group at College of Medicine, College of Dentistry and College of Pharmacy of Basra University by questionnaire forma. Results: The prevalence rate of mental disorders was low about and many factors that affected on psychiatric state of them like gender, age, Family and friends Relation, missing one of parents etc. Among medical group students that used sedatives and hypnotics about (46%) than other psychotropic drugs like serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRIs) (42.9%) tricyclic antidepressants (21.4%), and atypical antipsychotic (7.1%). Conclusions: Medical group students are more likely to consumption antipsychotic drugs by physician prescription or self-medications. Therefore, there are required more interesting and pursuits for college students especially medical college students for amelioration their college and social lives. Peer Review History: Received 6 February 2024; Revised 15 March 2024; Accepted 26 April; Available online 15 May 2024 Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye

Analytical Thinking and its Relationship to the Performance of the Simple Response Skill in Foil Weapon for Students

The purpose of this paper is to identifying the level of analytical thinking and its relationship to the skills of response and simple response to the foil weapon for students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Basra. Achieving the objectives of the research requires the use of a research method, and accordingly, the researchers used the descriptive method using the survey method .The two researchers identified the research community with the students of the third stage - College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Basra / for the academic year (2021-2022). Their number is (45) students and the two researchers chose the entire research community to represent the research sample. One of the most important results reached by the researcher is that: There is a significant correlation between the student's analytical thinking and the skills of replying and simple replying ,and the research sample individuals have a good level of analytical thinking, which helps them to perform sports skills, including fencing skills. One of the most important recommendations recommended by the researchers is that: Investing in the level of understanding shown by the research sample of the role of analytical thinking in performing skills, fencing lessons and training should include situations that encourage the use of analytical thinking ,and conducting similar studies and research on university students in Iraq.

The Effect of Adding Levels of the Organic Acid Taurine on Improving the Characteristics of Diluted and Cooled Semen of Arabi Rams

This investigation was place from 1/10/2022 to 31/1/2023 in the College of Agriculture / University of Basra / Karma Ali animal field. Five Orabih rams with similar weights and ages of 2.5 to 3 years were bred for the research. Fortwo weeks, the animals were taught to collect semen using the Kabash's fake vagina and given a 2 kilogram diet with two meals each day. Semen was collected three times a month after training, and rams' sperm was added taurine organic acid (zero, 2, 4.6 mmol) and stored in a cryosafe at 5 º for up to 48 hours. A computer analyzed all diluted and chilled semen properties. Results of the study:T2 treatment significantly outperformed other coefficients in individual movement, sperm concentration, and percentage of live sperm in refrigerated semen (P<0.05). Cryostorage zero (hour) significantly outperformed other periods in pH values, individual movement, and sperm concentration, and exceeded 24 hours (P<0.05). T2 treatment significantly outperformed (P<0.05) other coefficients in pH, individual sperm motility, and live sperm percentage at zero hour, while T2 recorded the highest sperm concentration in refrigerated semen at 24 hours (P<0.05). 2: The control and T6 coefficients had the highest percentagesof dead sperm (P<0.05) compared to other transactions, with the 72-hour cold storage period having the highest moral percentages (P<0.05). The T6 treatment and 72-hour storage period also had the highest moral percentages (P<0.05) in the percentage of dead sperm. T2 transaction significantly outperformed (p<0.05) the straight linear velocity VSL and linearity of the path LIN of sperm, and the duration of cold storage zero (hour) significantly outperformed 72, 48, and 24 hours in VSL and LIN ratios for sperm. T2 transaction at cold storage zero (hour) significantly outperformed VSL and LIN ratios of spe

التعليم الإلكتروني ودوره في نجاح التعليم العالي من وجهة نظر طلبة كلية الإدارة والاقتصاد قسم نظم المعلومات المرحلة الرابعة للسنوات من 2019-2022

Higher education has a very important role to play in every country in the world education ", because it is founded on an educated and trained generation through the provision by higher education of experienced instructors in the field of specialization, it contributes to countries' prosperity. With changes in the surrounding information technology, networks and the Internet, it must be adapted to support their environmental survival and achieve success, through so-called e-learning. It provides diverse and sophisticated educational opportunities using digital media in an online environment that serves all the world's students everywhere and in time. If e-learning contributes to changing traditional higher education structural models to be more interactive in the subjects and related teaching materials. The success of higher education in universities needs to provide an electronic learning environment through a correct planning strategy and training or provide highly efficient elements to deal with high-tech teaching tools This paper explores the provision of technical infrastructure and high technologies through proper strategic planning to build an electronic learning environment at all times in support of attendance education and not for COVID-19 reasons. The study covered the intentional sample of students of the Department of Management Information Systems Stage IV (79) students, for their experience of e-learning from 2019 to 2020 at Basra University, Faculty of Administration and Economics through the identification and analysis of it within the outputs of the Spss.22 program. The research concluded that e-education was an important experience for students and they are satisfied with it. The department has also assisted them in providing the appropriate infrastructure for use. The research recommends the survival and continuity of the e-learning mechanism along with attendance education, the development of educational cadres and students in a successful manner to interact in the subjects in order to reach the knowledge required to gain a competence commensurate with the labour market.

Environmental uses of sculpture at the University of Basrah

The current study is concerned with highlighting the importance of sculptural work in terms of its environmental use within the spaces of the University of Basra and the aesthetic and environmental treatments it creates within those spaces. Therefore, in this thesis, the researcher sought to present proposed sculptural designs. Implemented by computer through the Blender program, which specializes in creating three-dimensional models. The study included four chapters:Chapter One: Research Framework This chapter presents the research problem, which is summarized in the question: "How can the environmental utilization of sculptural work address the spaces of the University of Basrah?" The significance of the research is discussed, emphasizing the need to shed light on the important aspects that motivated this study. The research's objective is to develop proposed sculptural designs for environmentally addressing the University of Basrah's spaces and utilizing the environmental elements of the university environment.Chapter Two: Theoretical Framework and Previous Studies. This chapter is divided into two sections: Section one: Concept of the Environment and Its Types, Section two: Functions of the sculptural work, and the Chapter three (research procedures): This chapter explains the research methodology and the research sample, It also covers the analysis of the research sample. Chapter four: (Results and Conclusions) This chapter presents the key findings and conclusions of the study, including: Empty spaces are creatively and environmentally utilized through artistic treatment methods using Blender software for 3D modeling, resulting in sculptural designs that reflect the social or historical characteristics of the place.

Effect of the Seven-Cycle Learning Strategy (7E'S) in Developing the Cognitive Aspects to Learn Some Complex Skills in Football for Students

Through the researcher's observation of teaching football and his interest in this game, he noticed that most of the learners are slow in learning compound skills in football because it is one of the skills that need movement compatibility in performance. Where the researcher believes that the failure to introduce modern teaching strategies that suit their capabilities and physical capabilities, The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of employing the seven-course learning technique.cycle ( E's 7) in developing cognitive aspects and learning some complex skills in football for students. Third, the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Basra, whose number is (150) students. The research sample was chosen by lottery method (65) students from (6) people who were divided into two groups, control and experimental, with (25) students for each group. The researcher concluded that the curriculum prepared by the researcher worked on increasing the positive interaction to develop the knowledge environment through the educational units. It increased the experiences of the students in making the decisions they face to make their participation effective in the educational process. It was recommended to conduct comparative studies using the seven-cycle learning strategy (7 E'S ) with modern teaching strategies and methods.

Cross-Cultural Pragmalinguistic Failure in Request Strategies among Iraqi Students at Basra University

Cross-Cultural Pragmalinguistic Failure in Request Strategies among Iraqi Students at Basra University

Effect of spraying with silicon, humic acid, and proline on the safflower tolerance (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to salt stress

The experiment was carried out in the winter of season 2021-2022 in the research field of the College of Agriculture - University of Basra (latitude 30.57° North and longitude 47.80°) to study the effect of foliar spraying of silicon, humic acid, and proline on the endurance of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to salt stress. The experiment was carried out by distributing eight treatments of foliar spraying. Silicon (Si) was sprayed at a concentration of 800 ppm, humic acid (H) at a concentration of 80 ppm, and proline (P) at a concentration of 100 ppm. The studied treatments included control (C), Si, H, P, SiH, SiP, HP, and SiHP) on two soils with salinity (7.63 and 14.24 ds m-1) randomized complete block design with three replicates. The seeds of safflower (Cv. Gila) were planted in the two soils. The results showed significant superiority of the triple treatment (SiHP) in all studied traits, as it recorded the highest mean of height (156.3 cm), number of bells in the plant 59.11, number of seeds in the bell (59.17), weight of 500 seeds (24.30 g), seeds yield (10549 kg seeds ha-1) and biological yield (27582 kg ha-1) with a significant increase over the control treatment, which amounted to 64.2 cm, 26.08 bell plant-1, 24.90 seed bell-1, 14.03 g, 1725 kg seeds ha-1 and 6594 kg.ha-1 respectively—superiority of the proline treatment in all studied traits. Salinity decreased the number of seeds in the plant, the weight of 500 seeds, and seed yield. The foliar spray with the above treatments has proven its effectiveness and efficiency in growth and yield and increased salinity tolerance, in addition to the fact that these materials are environmentally friendly. Keywords: Foliar Spraying; Salinity; Silicon; Humic acid; proline.

Effect of mixing ratios and spraying with microelements on the growth and yield of forage for a mixture of oats and clover

A field experiment was carried out in the fields of the Agricultural Research Station-College of Agriculture, University of Basra, during the winter season of 2021-2022. To study the effect of seeding rates of both oats and Egyptian clover with mixing percentages of 100% oats, 75% oats + 25% clover, 50% oats + 50% clover, 75% clover + 25% oats, 100% clover as the first factor and microelements at a concentration of 1500, 3000 and 4500 ppm as a second factor. The time for spraying with micro-elements was in the branching stage, 7-10 days after the first spray and 7-10 days after the second spray. The experiment was carried out in a factorial experiment with three replications, according to a randomized complete block design, RCBD. Three cuttings were taken during the crop’s growth period. The height of the oats and clover plants, the number of oat tillers, the number of clover branches, the weight ratio of leaves to tillers and stems, and the amount of green and dry forage were measured. The results of the study showed that the different ratios of mixing oats and clover crops contributed to the production of the studied traits; 50% of oats + 50% of clover in the second cutting recorded the highest yield of green fodder (66.84 tons ha-1) and dry fodder yield (22.37 tons ha-1). As for the effect of concentrations of microelements, the level of 4500 ppm achieved superiority in all growth characteristics of all cutting, and the highest yield was recorded in green fodder (65.57 tons ha-1) and dry forage (22.44 tons ha-1) at the second cutting. 50% oats + 50% clover at the level of 4500 ppm gave the highest yield for green fodder (69.66 tons ha-1) and dry (24.81 tons ha-1). Keywords: Mixture; Spraying; micro-nutrients; green fodder; Avena sativa; Clover.

Organizational Silence for Academics and it is Role in Preventing Organizational Knowledge Leakage

This study aimed to determine the role of organizational silence and its dimensions (Acquiescent Silenc, Defensive Silence, Prosocial Silence) in preventing the leakage of organizational knowledge, whether the leakage of organizational knowledge is intentional or unintentional. The hypothetical diagram of the study was formed according to its main variables and dimensions, on the basis of which the main hypotheses were developed. This study was tested in the higher education sector, specifically in some of the colleges of the University of Basra. The questionnaire was used as a method to collect data from a Intentionality sample of 40 Lecturers. The results, in light of the use of the Spss program, showed that there is a statistical and moral influence and correlation between organizational silence and the leakage of organizational knowledge, and therefore the success of any institution depends on preventing the leakage of organizational knowledge because it is the technical core of its success and sets it apart from other institutions in its field through the adoption of directions and new approaches such as organizational silence acts as a covert barrier to stop its leakage into the surrounding environment.

Effect of Spraying with an Extract of Roselle and Salicylic Acid on the Chemical Properties of Two Green Onion Cultivars (Allium Cepa L.)

A field experiment was conducted during the winter agricultural season 2022-2023 at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture / University of Basra, Karma Ali, with the aim of studying spraying with roselle extract and salicylic acid and the interaction between them in the chemical characteristics of two varieties of green onions. The experiment included two factors, two varieties of onions (local white and local red) and seven concentrations of spraying three with roselle extract, which are (5, 10, 20) g. L-1 and three with salicylic acid (100, 150, 200) mg. L-1, in addition to the measurement treatment, by three sprays, between one spray and another, 10 days. It was carried out as a one-time split factorial experiment according to the randomized complete block design with three replications, and the medium means of the treatments were compared using the least significant difference at the level of probability 0.05. It was also found that there was no difference between the two cultivars in the content of the leaves of potassium, and the plants that were sprayed with roselle extract at a concentration of 20 mg excelled. L-1 in the aforementioned traits, except for the potassium content of the leaves, where the plants sprayed with roselle extract at a concentration of 10 mg were superior. L-1, as well as red onion plants that were sprayed with roselle extract at a concentration of 20 mg. L-1 showed significant superiority in leaves content of total chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorus and protein percentage, while the leaves of red onion plants sprayed with roselle extract at a concentration of 10 mg were superior. L-1 in potassium content compared to the control treatment.

Wise Leadership and Its Role in Mitigating or Ending Crises in Organizations is an Exploratory Study to See a Sample of Managerial Leaders at Basra University

Wise Leadership and Its Role in Mitigating or Ending Crises in Organizations is an Exploratory Study to See a Sample of Managerial Leaders at Basra University

The Effect of Adding Soil Amendments on Some Soil Physical Properties and the Growth of Sunflower Crop in Clay Soil

The experiment was conducted in clay soil at the Agricultural Research Station affiliated with the College of Agriculture, University of Basra, during the spring of 2021. Research aimed to study the effect of soil amendments on soil physical properties such as (bulk density, total porosity, and electrical conductivity) and some growth and yield of sunflowers such as (plant height and dry weight). The soil amendments used in the experiment were cattle manure and synthetic polymer. The amendments were added to the surface layer of the soil at a depth of 15 cm, using individual and mixed application treatments with six levels of addition (Cont, P4, O4, P3O1, O3P1, and P2O2). The field was divided into plots measuring 2.5 m in length and 1.5 m in width, and then the plots were planted with sunflower seeds. The results showed that all the amendment treatments outperformed the treatment without amendments, improving the soil's physical properties by reducing bulk density, increasing total porosity, and decreasing electrical conductivity. Additionally, the amendment treatments showed improvement in growth and yield characteristics, indicated by increased plant height and dry weight of the plants.

E- Learning from University Students' Perspectives

The use of technology has indeed contributed to supporting and improving education, making learning approachable and obtainable to a large number of students, especially during the epidemic lockdown of schools where people are forced to stay at home. Therefore, universities shift to online mode of teaching which is conducted through e-learning system. However, the success of e-learning approach in Iraqi universities depends mainly on the attitudes of students towards online learning and their acceptance of it. Thus, this paper investigates the perspectives of university students, males and females, on the use of e-learning by their instructors at Basra university during COVID-19 pandemic. Using SPSS software for the analysis of the collected data, the equations of Weighted Mean and Percentile Weight, the results of the study demonstrate that university students view that though e-learning is beneficial and flexible. That is, they have to struggle to stay in touch with their virtual classes and teachers. Some of them do not even have an access to laptops or smart phones, while some others have poor or non-existent Wi-Fi connections. This is due to the lack of strong and effective internet networks, in addition to the lack of sufficient experience on how to use the internet and manage e-learning platforms. To overcome these obstacles, there should be more forward planning on the part of the educational institutions and policy makers. They should improve the quality of internet connectivity and provide facilities as well as good communication services to students.

Prediction of Soil Compaction using Conventional Tillage Systems under Different Operating Conditions

The field experiment was conducted in the College of Agriculture - University of Basra in Karma Ali located in the south of Basra city. The soil was of a clay-silty texture. The study aims to evaluate the negative impact of primary plowing equipment (moldboard plow, disk plow, and chisel plow) on the physical properties of the soil by studying soil compaction indicators such as soil resistance to penetration, soil bulk density, and total porosity. Three plowing depths (15, 20, and 25) cm and three forward speeds of the tractor (0.45, 0.75, and 1.05) m s-1 were used. Intelligent computing was introduced to predict results and simulate soil compaction through the use of Design Expert software. The results showed that there is an effect of all studied factors on the variables of soil physical properties. The effect on the soil penetration resistance characteristic of the type of plow was greater than the depth, and the depth was greater than the forward speed, as the soil penetration resistance was (4.53, 3.84, and 3.23) MPa for the moldboard plow, disc plow, and chisel plow, respectively. As for the effect of increasing the depth, it was 27%, while the effect of increasing the forward speed was 24%. As for the bulk density of the soil, the effect of the type of plow was also greater than the effect of the increase in depth, and the increase in depth was more effective than the increase in the forward speed, as the bulk density was (1.68, 1.52, and 1.48) g.cm-3 for the moldboard, disc, and chisel, respectively. As for the effect of depth, it reached 7%, while the effect of speed reached 5%. As for the total porosity of the soil, the effect of the plow type was greater than the depth, and the greater the depth than the forward speed, as the total porosity reached (43, 41, and 35) % for the moldboard, disc, and chisel plow, respectively. The increase in depth led to a decrease of 7%, and the increase in velocity led to a decrease of 4% in the index of total soil porosity. As for the predicted results, the amount of convergence between the field calculated and predicted results was (96, 95, 95) % for soil penetration resistance, bulk density, and total soil porosity, respectively.

Study of the effect developed chisel plow on some energy requirements and some soil properties in a clayey mixture soil

The experiment was conducted at the fields of the College of Agriculture - University of Basra to study the effect height of sweeps shank equipped with the developed chisel plow (10 and 20 cm), with three depths (15, 25 and 35 cm) and three lateral distance (20, 25 and 30 m), on the field performance indicators of the draft force and the area of loosened soil. In a mixed alluvial soil with a density of (1.25) g-cm3 and a moisture content of (15.17) %, the experiment was designed according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD).
 The drafting force increased when the lateral distance and plowing depths increased, while it decreased when the arms of the sweeps shank increased by 20 cm. The loosened area increased when the plowing depths and the lateral distance increased when the arms of the duck hind legs were 10 cm high. The highest drafting force recorded at the height of the arms of the sweeps shank20 cm, the distance between them 30 cm, and the plowing depth 35 cm. The highest loosened area recorded at the height of the arms of the sweeps shank10 cm and the depth of plowing 35 cm.