Basis Of Decentralization Research Articles

THE MAIN FEATURES OF ENSURING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF THE BLACK SEA ECONOMIC REGION

The main features of ensuring the competitiveness of territorial communities of the Black Sea Economic Region are considered in the article. The institutional framework for the development of territorial communities in the context of the reform of local self-government and territorial organization of power in Ukraine on the basis of decentralization is character- ized. The signs of competitiveness of united territorial communities at the vertical and hori- zontal levels are outlined. It is determined that the vertical competitiveness at the regional lev- el is determined by the ability to effectively use its own potential and resources, to be in the forefront of the socio-economic development of the region, while at the national level – to suc- cessfully compete with other communities in a particular type of activity. The horizontal di- mension of competitiveness implies the ability of a community to use its own socio-economic opportunities with minimal involvement of external resources by reducing energy costs, im- proving the quality of housing and communal services, creating new jobs, supporting small and medium-sized businesses, training and engaging third-party specialists, and efficient use of land and natural resources. The signs of competitiveness of communities in the Black Sea Economic Region by vertical and horizontal criteria are analyzed in the article. Examples of successful implementation by territorial communities of measures to increase their competi- tiveness by optimizing the use of available internal resources are provided. The main problems and obstacles to ensuring the competitiveness of the territorial communities of the studied re- gion in the context of a full-scale war are outlined. The main ones are: damage to the industri- al and social infrastructure of the region, due to the occupation and active hostilities, regular attacks on sea and river ports, mining of the Black Sea, export blockade, destruction of rec- reational potential, as well as the environmental disaster caused by the explosion of the Kak- hovka hydroelectric power plant, etc. The key measures aimed at increasing the competitive- ness of the territorial communities of the studied district are proposed, in particular: improving the human resources potential in the system of management of the development of territori- al communities; promoting the development of competitive positions of the real sector of the district’s economy; carrying out systematic work to create new jobs; aiming entrepreneurs to create industries with higher added value; introducing modern energy-saving technologies, ra- tional use of natural resources, etc.

Abstract 4818: Cancer disparities in Chile: Unveiling the impact of educational disparities and regional variances on mortality rates

Abstract Differences in education not only influence our access to good-quality and timely healthcare but also impact our ability to make healthy decisions, access nutritious food, and inhabit healthy and safe physical and psychological environments. Consequently, these factors have contributed to an increase in cancer incidence and mortality among individuals with lower levels of education. To assess the mortality rate based on education, we utilized census data and the national mortality register, comparing the cancer mortality rate between those with more than 12 years of education and those with less than 8 years. We employed a Poisson regression model, with the number of deceased individuals as the dependent variable and age, along with gender, region of residence, and education level as covariates. The natural logarithm of the population served as an offset. The exponential of the estimated betas in this regression represents the Relative Index of Inequality (RII), comparing individuals with a low educational level to those with a high educational level. We conducted the analysis using SPSS version 17.0 and SAS version 9.4, considering values with p-values less than or equal to 0.05 as significant, with a confidence interval of 95%. Our findings indicate that two cancer sites are particularly affected by these educational differences, gallbladder (RII(95%CI): 5.43 (4.0-7.5)) and gastric (RII(95%CI): 4.09 (3.5-4.8)) with additional disparities when comparing by gender (RII gallbladder in women (95%CI): 7.06 (5.0-10.9)). Interestingly, even though Chile is a relatively small country, there are significant variations of mortality by geographical region (RII(95%CI): 1.3 (1.1-1.5) to 3.1 (2.3-4.0)), in terms of magnitude and cancer sites, suggesting the influence of environmental factors. The results of this study should serve as a basis for decentralization and the development of a cancer policy that considers territorial differences in resource allocation and plans specific screening and early detection strategies tailored to the epidemiologic and sociodemographic profile. We also conducted a mortality analysis comparing education levels across age intervals. Our findings reveal that, up to the age of 60, mortality is significantly higher among individuals with less than 8 years of schooling. However, beyond the age of 60, the group with higher mortality comprises individuals with 9-12 years of education. This suggests that they may be more capable of affording health services and accessing screening and diagnosis compared to the less educated group but are still diagnosed at later stages when curative treatment is not feasible. In addition, this group has the highest tobacco consumption in the country. Citation Format: Paz Cook, Fabio Paredes, Jorge Jimenez de la Jara. Cancer disparities in Chile: Unveiling the impact of educational disparities and regional variances on mortality rates [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4818.

РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЗЕМЕЛЬНИХ ВІДНОСИН В УКРАЇНІ: ВОЄННИЙ СТАН ТА ПІСЛЯВОЄННИЙ ПЕРІОД

B a c k g r o u n d . Land reform in Ukraine has been going on for over 32 years. Due to both some systemic miscalculations and insufficient resources for its provision, most of the goals of land reform still remain unrealized. The introduction of market land relations has not become a guarantee of sustainable land use. There is an urgent need for urgent correction of land reform, justification of new innovative approaches to reforming land relations in the context of global trends. M e t h o d s . The problems of scientific and methodological principles of improving the processes of land management and regulation of land relations at different levels of government are revealed in the works of leading Ukrainian scientists. However, previous research has focused on some aspects of this problem. Insufficient attention was paid to the regulation of land relations in the context of decentralization of power, ensuring deregulation in the field of land relations. No research has been conducted on the regulation of land relations under martial law. The purpose (the objective) of this article: elucidation of the peculiarities of the regulation of land relations in the conditions of martial law and substantiation of the prospects for the regulation of land relations in Ukraine on the basis of decentralization and deregulation in the post-war period. R e s u l t s . The system of factors that caused the need to introduce a simplified procedure for access to land for agricultural production during martial law was determined. Key legislative novelties regarding food security, peculiarities of land relations regulation under martial law are analyzed. The peculiarities of the introduced "land reform package" in the context of decentralization and deregulation in the field of land relations are studied. The reform initiatives introduced by the Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Regarding the Improvement of the System of Management and Deregulation in the Field of Land Relations" were analyzed, which due to its scale (affecting 4 codes and 22 laws of Ukraine) and the importance of the changes (29 reform initiatives) received the name "Land Constitution". C o n c l u s i o n s . The system of factors that necessitated the introduction of a simplified procedure for access to land for agricultural production during the martial law has been identified. The key legislative novelties concerning food security, features of regulation of land relations in the conditions of martial law are analyzed. A thorough analysis showed that in a relatively short period of time the necessary legal framework was created to complete land reform in Ukraine, identified scientifically sound prospects for streamlining land relations in Ukraine on the basis of decentralization and deregulation. Prospects for further research in this direction are associated with the need for scientific substantiation of the system of mechanisms, tools and methods of forming a multi-level system of land resource management in the context of ensuring decentralization and deregulation in the field of land relations, which should represent an integrated set of interconnected elements that retain their individual importance and have a target orientation in accordance with the concept of ustainable development of territories.

ІНСТИТУЦІЙНІ ЗМІНИ ЛУЦЬКОЇ МІСЬКОЇ РАДИ В УМОВАХ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ

The analysis of the evolution of the institutional structure of the Lutsk City Council in the conditions of administrative and territorial reform on the basis of decentralization in 2014–2023 has been carried out. Quantitative and qualitative changes of its executive committee, departments, administrations, offices and commissions, depending on the socio-economic development of the country and the policy of the central government have been shown. Attention has been focused on the processes of decentralization, which are accompanied by the transfer of powers of state authorities to localities. The progress of the implementation of the tasks «Concept of reforming local self-government and organization of territorial power in Ukraine», the requirements of the laws of Ukraine «On access to public information», «On state registration of legal entities and individuals», «On the authorization system in the sphere of economic activity», Resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers «On the town-planning cadastre», etc. has been revealed. The positive changes that took place during the researched period in the activities of the Lutsk City Council in the direction of greater transparency, controllability and accountability to the territorial community have been proven. The positive experience of the city council in bringing services closer to the city population through a specially created department − the Center for the provision of administrative services in the city of Lutsk has been attested. With the aim of providing the Armed Forces of Ukraine, territorial defense units, other military formations, internally displaced persons and communities in need of humanitarian aid with food and non-food items, the Lutsk central aid point has been operating in the city since February 25, 2022.

РROBLEMS OF BUDGET PLANNING IN THE SYSTEM OF LOCAL FINANCE AND WAYS OF ITS IMPROVEMENT

The purpose of the study is to find a solution to problematic aspects of budget planning by analyzing the system of local finances and identifying opportunities for improving the budget planning mechanism. Because, in modern domestic science, in particular, considerable attention is paid to the issues of highlighting practical problems of the budget process and budget planning of local finances. However, there is no single definition of the concept of budget planning, its economic content, tasks and principles. To achieve the goal, general scientific methods were used: the method of scientific generalization ‒ to confirm the relevance of research in modern conditions; analysis and synthesis ‒ to understand the processes of reforming the territorial organization of power on the basis of decentralization as one of the key directions of systemic social transformations in Ukraine; scientific extrapolation and forecasting ‒ for further understanding that the local budget is gradually turning from a purely financial mechanism into a powerful means of influencing public opinion. The main results of the research, which form its scientific novelty, were: the search for a solution to problematic aspects of budget planning by analyzing the system of local finances and identifying opportunities for improving the budget planning mechanism, identifying the essence of the concept of «budget planning» and substantiating the organizational and legal foundations of budget planning; disclosure of local budgets as a link of the budget system with a presentation of the current state of the budget and budget indicators of the united territorial communities of Ukraine; coverage of the peculiarities of planning local budgets with a presentation of the problems of forming local budgets and ways to solve them. The practical significance of the obtained results is determined by the provisions of scientific novelty and the possibility of using research proposals and recommendations in the field of practical activities of local financial bodies of all levels, executive bodies of local councils, local state administrations, and relevant local councils.

Сучасні протиріччя у вітчизняній електроенергетиці

The article is concerned with studying the current state of the domestic electric power industry and the existing and potential contradictions between stakeholders in the process of its restoration and modernization. Based on the studies of world experience, possible changes are indicated, namely: recovery of the energy system on the basis of decentralization; development of mini-power plants; creation of an energy storage system at existing hydroelectric power plants; development of hybrid projects in the field of renewable energy sources (RES) and the introduction of other generating capacities of «green» energy. The need to amend the Draft Concept of the «green» transition of Ukraine until 2050 to increase the share of electric energy from the nuclear energy sector is substantiated. It is noted that the domestic energy sector will undergo significant changes in the coming decade, but positive changes are possible only with the interaction and beneficial cooperation of all business structures, as well as with the support of their activities by individual territorial communities and public organizations. Attention is focused on a significant number of stakeholders in the electric energy market, some of which have counter interests, which will cause conflicts and contradictions. The article also points out that one of the important ones is the contradiction between the need for a radical energy transition to new technologies and the interests of current raw materials and energy monopolies to maintain the status of traditional energy for as long as possible. As a result of the study, it is determined that the current sector of the domestic electric power industry is characterized by a significant number and versatility of contradictions, which are proposed to be classified on the basis of «sphere of manifestation» into the following: economic; social; market-based, and technological. It is proposed to consider the processes of detection and identification of contradictions as an important prerequisite for a solid foundation in order to ensure a stable, consistent and innovative development of the electric power industry sector of the national economy.

IMPLEMENTASI KELAYAKAN ANGGARAN BUMDES DIKECAMATAN TAROWANG KABUPATEN JENEPONTO

The Village Fund allocation is very important in order to finance the development of disadvantaged areas in a development area system. The implementation of the Village Fund Allocation is aimed at physical and non-physical programs related to Village development indicators, which include education level, community income level, and health level. One of the rational reasons why there is a need for Village Fund Allocation (ADD) is because the village is positioned as the basis for decentralization. The ADD policy is very relevant to the perspective that places the village as the basis for participation, because the village is directly facing the community and community control is stronger. This study aims to determine the implementation of the Bumdes budget feasibility in accordance with the type of business program, and to determine the implementation of the Bumdes program in managing the budget allocated in the Tarowang sub-district, Jeneponto Regency. This research was obtained from several observations and interviews with related parties, this type of research is descriptive qualitative by selecting several informants. The data source used is the primary data source that is information sourced from direct observation of the research location by observation and interview. While secondary data sources are data sources obtained from documentation or literature studies to supplement primary data. Field research data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the Bumdes budget suitability in accordance with the type of business program in the Tarowang sub-district of Jeneponto district is considered feasible, but the implementation of the Bumdes program in managing the budget allocated in the Tarowang sub-district is less than optimal because of the lack of capabilities and human resource skills

Dimensi Desentralisasi Analisa Pola Hubungan Kewenangan Dalam Pengelolaan Pertambangan

This research is motivated by the implementation of decentralization in a country that cannot be separated from mineral resources owned by each region. The arrangements of management of mining become an inseparable part in the editorial discussion of the policy directions and thw arrangements of regarding decentralization. The Regions that have the potential for explorative natural resources are faced with a complicated situation and full of pros and cons when discussing about mining in their area. The revised of the act of regional government certainly contributes to the political of decentralized law and the arranggement of mining. The relationship between the central government and regional governments, especially the provinces in mining management based on the Act of Mineral and Coal must receive special attention, because it has a direct orientation towards the perspective of decentralization. To discuss these issues, conducted by normative legal research method with the statute approach. The authority of the central government in managing mineral and coal mining has a paradigm of decentralization that is felt to be getting stronger. Exceptions to government affairs which by acts are determined as central government affairs are the constitutional basis of legislators as the basis for decentralization.

РОЗВИТОК ОБ’ЄДНАНИХ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД У КРАЇНАХ ЄС В УМОВАХ РЕФОРМИ МІСЦЕВОГО САМОВРЯДУВАННЯ

The author of the article has outlined the problem of finding the most optimal model of the state for of government, because the necessary condition for stable development of society and effective functioning of the state is to ensure the balance between national interests and the interests of the population of regions and territorial communities. The preconditions, political history and periods of the formation of decentralized power in most European medieval states, scientific positions of national and foreign legal scholars on the expediency of implementing decentralization have been analyzed. It has been found out that the vast majority of Western European countries abdicate the unitary state model by introducing decentralization. The leading idea of reforming is to move the center of solving local issues to the local and, in particular regional level that is achieved by optimizing relations between different levels of territorial organization of power. National traditions, formation and functioning of public agencie in the past, specific features of administrative and territorial structure of the state, existence of autonomous territories, multiethnic population have a significant influence on the formation of the constitutional system on the basis of decentralization in the EU countries. The positive experience Poland, France, Italy, Latvia, Germany and Denmark has been studied. The author has theoretically substantiated that the principle of decentralization has been successfully implemented in the practice of the European Union countries. It has been indicated that the prerequisite for the successful implementation of decentralization processes to create an effective model of governance within the system of decentralized government of Ukraine is: the establishment of the rule of law principle; recognition and guarantees of local self-government; equal legal protection of all forms of ownership; democratic and effective electoral legislation; independence, efficiency, accessibility and transparency of the judicial system, functioning of administrative justice institutions; perfect budget process and high financial discipline; availability of adequate social standards; developed public sector and stable tendency towards its development.

Удосконалення конституційних основ місцевого самоврядування в Україні

The article reveals the problems of constitutional and legal regulation of municipal reform, which negatively affect its effectiveness. There is a need to improve the legal personality of the territorial community in terms of the right to exercise power directly, which would strengthen its position as the primary subject of local self-government. The problem could be solved positively by granting the status of a legal entity under public law to the territorial community, but currently, in the conditions of hostilities in the east of the state and temporary occupation of Ukraine, it is impractical to change its status due to the threat of loss of territorial integrity. It is argued that the lack of the right of district and oblast councils to have their own executive bodies has a negative impact on the efficiency and completeness of functioning in the system of local self-government. It is proposed that in order to successfully continue the reform of local self-government, it is proposed to adopt laws that would regulate the issues of the administrative-territorial structure of Ukraine and strengthen supervision over the legality of decisions of local self-government bodies. The objective need to amend the Constitution of Ukraine in terms of improving the legal status of territorial communities, granting the right to regional and district councils to create executive bodies, delimitation of public authority on the basis of decentralization and subsidiarity, consolidation of a new system of administrative-territorial organization with division into regions, districts and communities, transformation of local state administrations into prefectural bodies and endowing them with coordination and supervisory functions. Prior to the introduction of these constitutional changes, it is necessary to adopt laws within the current Constitution of Ukraine, which will ensure the continuation of local self-government reform.

Організаційно-правові питання функціонування субмуніципального рівня управлІння в системі місцевого самоврядування

The article is devoted to organizational and legal issues of functioning of the sub-municipal level of government. The preliminary consequences of the administrative-territorial reform carried out by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in 2020, which is an important component of decentralization as the transfer of powers to provide public services to local governments should be accompanied by the consolidation of territorial communities, show some positive results. The author thoroughly analyzes that the domestic experience of functioning of new territorial communities, the experience of foreign countries allows to highlight the relevant negative aspects (legal, organizational, economic, social, etc.) that accompany the process of consolidation. It is determined that in communities with a large area of jurisdiction and a large number of settlements it is much more difficult to implement the requirements of relevant European documents for the development of local democracy, in particular, the Basic Principles of Democratic Participation at Local Level. The point of view of limiting the influence of negative factors that arose in the process of forming a new territorial basis of local self-government will allow the introduction of an auxiliary level of government in the system of local self-government. Two options for building a modern model of municipal governance in large communities and its organizational and legal support, taking into account European standards and principles. It is noted that the current legislation of Ukraine on selforganization of the population does not allow to fully reveal their potential as a sub-municipal level of community development and management, and does not meet the requirements of the current stage of reforming the territorial organization of power on the basis of decentralization. It is noted that the advantages of introducing support units are: decentralization, empowerment of local communities - individual and collective ability to influence decisions and plans for their community, bringing “power” to the people, improving the effectiveness of decisions and actions of local governments. Because on the ground much better awareness of the needs and current situation in the community, localization – at the level of local communities there are certain values, the loss of which is unacceptable – social ties, neighborhood, interaction. It is concluded that there is an urgent need to decentralize municipal government by introducing a full sub-municipal level in the system of local self-government, as well as legislative consolidation of Starostinsky districts as an auxiliary territorial level and determining the formation and operation of their representative and executive bodies.

RURAL TOURISM OF KHMELNYTSK REGION: CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

Problem Statement and Purpose. The article deals with the peculiarities of rural tourism development in Khmelnytskyi region. The purpose of our research is to study the current state, problems and prospects of rural tourism in Khmelnytskyi region. To achieve this goal we have performed the following tasks. For example, the development peculiarities of Khmelnytskyi regional tourist complex are revealed; identified spatial aspects of Khmelnytskyi region rural tourism development; the problems of Khmelnytskyi region rural tourism development are investigated; the perspective development directions of Khmelnytskyi region rural tourism are named. The essence of the concept of “rural” tourism is defined. The available tourist and recreational resources necessary for the development of rural tourism in Khmelnytskyi region are analyzed. The advantages and factors influencing the development of rural tourism in this region are identified. According to many scientists, due to the spread of COVID‑19 and the pandemic, rural tourism is the most developed, as this type of tourism is one of the most secluded types. Data & Methods. To achieve the goal of the study, general scientific and special methods of geographical science were used. The negative and positive impact of green tourism on rural areas and the solution of socio-economic problems of the village are analyzed. Given the rich tourist and recreational resources of Khmelnytskyi region (favorable natural and climatic conditions, historical, cultural and ethnic heritage), the development of rural tourism is one of the ways to solve economic, social and environmental problems. Results. Rural tourism promotes the development of the rural population employment, not only in the production sphere, but also in the service sector and promotes the development of rural areas, as well as stimulating the development of services: transport, communications, trade, services, recreation and other institutions in the countryside. The article deals with the ways to increase the efficiency of green tourism in Khmelnytskyi region. It is substantiated that the available resource potential of Khmelnytskyi region is not rationally used, due to the lack of sufficient information on this form of tourism. The study of the of green tourism development prospects in Khmelnytskyi region is very relevant in the context of decentralization. In accordance with the principles of reforming the system of governance in Ukraine, local governments should become the basis for decentralization, taking full account of local development and needs. The newly formed rural united territorial communities have great difficulties in filling local budgets with funds from economic activities on their territory. It is believed that rural tourism can become an industry that will actively fill the budget of rural united territorial communities.

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The ways of reorganization of local self-government and territorial organization of power on the basis of decentralization are investigated. Ways to improve the tools of state support for the development of united territorial communities and methods of finding innovative approaches to ensure their sustainable development and modernization of the regional economy are identified. The ways and methods of state regulation of decentralization processes with the selection of problem situations are critically analyzed. The international experience in solving the issue of reforming local self-government and territorial organization of power is studied. It is proved that the innovative approach to the modernization of the regional economy, which contributes to the sustainable development of territorial communities and regions, is the development of the bioeconomy. The close relationship between the bioeconomy and the circular economy is substantiated. The expediency of providing local governments with the provision of quality public services and the formation of a strong policy direction for the revitalization of the bioeconomy with the involvement of international technical assistance programs and qualified experts is substantiated.

Formation of an Innovative Mechanism of Social Partnership in the System of Territorial Communities Support

The analysis of the forecast of development of an economic situation in Ukraine is carried out. It is emphasized that the main reason for the lowest rating indicators of GDP per capita among European countries, as well as the lowest positions of world welfare of Ukraine is the main reason, namely — the lack of reforms that would bring our country to a new level. The concept of social partnership and its transformation in the conditions of implementation of the reform of the territorial organization of power on the basis of decentralization are considered. It is established that due to the start of the reform of the territorial organization of power and financial decentralization, a new innovative mechanism in the interaction of the parties to the social partnership is being created. The main stimulus is financial decentralization, which has «lowered» financial resources to the level of communities and made it possible to launch a real stage of transformation, when local governments become more in demand. The vast majority of public services are now outsourced, placing the responsibility for the result on local communities, which in turn promotes the activity of the residents of these communities. It is also pointed out that business in the current environment must prove itself from a new angle: to become more socially responsible, because the new system of tax redistribution encourages «pure play». This system must now be in the hands of everyone: the state, business, citizens. In addition, it is highlighted that the most powerful factor in the development of social partnership is the formation of a favorable climate for doing business. That is why now the political leadership of Ukraine is actively urging new investors to come and invest in our economy. At the same time, it is emphasized that another indicator of the completion of decentralization is the possibility of a new effective dialogue for the development of the institution of social partnership. After all, the residents of the newly formed territorial communities already know and can directly and strongly influence the policy of local authorities, setting their own priorities in the further development of the respective territory. In general, it is noted that the mechanism of social partnership in the system of support of territorial communities in the implementation of the new state policy in the field of local self-government should be based on the interests of residents of territorial communities, based on social, economic and innovative components. In summary, the potential effect of the implementation of the social partnership mechanism is identified.

Децентралізація публічної влади в контексті сучасного розвитку України

У статті розглянуто концептуальні засади децентралізації публічної влади. Встановлено, що різноманітність позицій щодо визначення концептуальних засад децентралізації влади обумовлена різними причинами запровадження децентралізації влади в країнах світу.
 Здійснено огляд реформи місцевого самоврядування на засадах децентралізації публічної влади. Визначено позитивні сторони та основні вади реформаторських дій.
 Наголошено, що децентралізація сама по собі не є панацеєю для вирішення всіх проблем, які роками накопичувалися на місцевому рівні. Децентралізація буде ефективною лише за умови наявності централізації влади, тобто їх ефективного поєднання. Саме належний їх баланс є важливим для ефективного та результативного функціонування державного управління та формування спроможних інститутів місцевого самоврядування. Визначено, що успішність реформи децентралізації залежить не лише від інституційної спроможності та політичної волі місцевих посадовців та депутатів, а й від рівня безпосередньої активності та участі мешканців у реалізації реформи на усіх її етапах.
 Децентралізація влади посідає стратегічне місце у забезпеченні ефективності функціонування системи державного управління, основним критерієм результативності якої є реалізація інтересів та потреб громади. За умови законодавчого забезпечення та створення умов для співпраці влади, бізнесу та громадянського суспільства, децентралізація буде поштовхом до мобілізації суспільства, що призведе до підвищення його активності у процесах прийняття та реалізації управлінських рішень, а з іншої сторони сприятиме підвищенню ефективності роботи державного механізму й активізації розвитку регіонів через прийняття складних та оперативних рішень, запит на які дає суспільство.
 У статті визначено чинники спротиву децентралізації влади, серед них: - недостатнє залучення громадськості до практичного втілення реформи; брак інформації на початку реформи, нерозуміння її сутності; недостатнє усвідомлення щодо подальших перспектив та наслідків втілення реформи; відсутність нормативно-правового поля та його прийняття по ходу реалізації реформаторських дій; відсутність стратегічного бачення розвитку країни після 2020 року; неготовність та неприйняття місцевих керівників запроваджуваних змін;небажання змін, як до суспільних настроїв так і управлінської еліти та ін.
 Здійснено огляд нормативно-правового забезпечення реформи та запропоновано зміни щодо удосконалення законодавстваз питань децентралізації влади в Україні.
 Визначено подальші кроки децентралізації публічної влади в контексті сучасного розвитку України: завершити формування та ухвалення нормативно-правової бази реформи; визначити механізм вирівнювання диспропорцій у рівнях розвитку регіонів України; вирішити питання забезпечення кваліфікованими кадрами; затвердити заходи щодо попередження корупції на місцевому рівні; сприяти формуванню сприятливого бізнес-середовища та інвестиційної привабливості тощо.

DOES FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION AFFECT ON THE CONVERGENCE OF PER CAPITA INCOME IN INDONESIA?

Nearly two decades since 2001 Indonesia has implemented a decentralized system. The basis of decentralization implemented in Indonesia is at the regency/municipality level while fiscal decentralization is carried out fully in the area of expenditure. It is important to know whether the implementation of fiscal decentralization has an effect on national development. One indicator to determine the impact of fiscal decentralization on development is whether there is economic convergence between regions during the period of regional autonomy. Using panel data of 411 regencies and 94 municipalities in Indonesia during the implementation period of decentralization from 2001-2017, this study aims to examine indications of economic convergence between regions in Indonesia. This study uses indicators of fiscal decentralization in terms of expenditure assignment, namely regional spending on education, health, and infrastructure. Based on the test results of both static convergence and dynamic convergence testing, it was found that there was a convergence of per capita income between regency/municipality in Indonesia.

Modeling improvement of the administrative-territorial device for sustainable development of the territory (the case of Zaporizhzhia region)

The aim of the article is substantiation of directions, models, mechanisms and priorities of reforming the administrative-territorial structure of the country at a subregional level on the basis of decentralization. Main material. The article substantiates the economic and geographical process of reforming the administrative-territorial system at the sub-regional level, using the example of Zaporizhzhia region. Cluster analysis was used to determine the level, capabilities, and perspectives of creating United Territorial Communities (UTCs) clusters. The following were chosen as the clustering criteria: income per person; own income for one person; infrastructure subsidy for one person. According to the results of the analysis and their mapping, the clustering of UTCs of Zaporizhzhia region was carried out taking into account the expediency of joining the clusters of village and town councils. Clustering of UTCs in Zaporizhzhia region was carried out according to financial capacity, using statistical indicators. The expediency of reforming the administrative-territorial system at the sub-regional level on the cluster principle around cluster cores that are financially viable and self-sufficient UTCs has been proved. Conclusions and further research. The economic and geographical substantiation of the reform of the administrative-territorial system at the sub-regional level in the example of Zaporizhzhia region is conducted in the work. The cluster approach to determine the boundaries of new zoning in the Zaporozhie region, has been proposed. The cluster analysis was carried out according to the main socio-economic indicators of the UTCs of Zaporizhzhia region. They were own income per person, infrastructure subsidy per person and basic / reverse subsidy per person. According to the results of the analysis, the possibilities of creating clusters of UTCs with simultaneous annexation of territories in which the UTCs were not created (within the village councils) were identified and mapping of the obtained results of cluster analysis is given. Clustering of UTCs of Zaporizhzhia region was carried out according to the financial capacity using statistical indicators (relative frequency and frequency with further determination of the confidence interval for medium). On the basis of econometric and cartographic modeling it has been proved that it is expedient to carry out the cluster principle improvement on the reform of the administrative-territorial system at the sub-regional level. According to the results of clustering, on the example of Zaporizhzhia region, the centers of gravity of clusters (kernels of clusters) are identified, which are financially viable and self-sufficient UTCs. Therefore, it is proposed to form basic territorial administrative units around such nuclei as a basis for sustainable development of territories at the sub-regional level. According to the study of a specific administrative region of Ukraine, the formation of self-sufficient UTCs should be implemented taking into account the centers of gravity, which will be useful when discussing decisions on administrative delimitation of territories in order to achieve their sustainable development.

Фінансове вирівнювання в умовах реформування системи управління державними фінансами

In connection with the expiration, in 2020, of basic regulatory and legal acts coordinating the implementation of the decentralization, it is needed to actualize and determine further directions of reform of the public finance management system. The purpose of the article is to determine efficient methods and directions of further improvement of the financial equalization system in Ukraine in order to form progressive local budget resource model, which by more balanced socio-economic development of municipalities will meet the needs of the population. The article addresses the essence and main components of financial equalization as a tool of budget regulation. The contents of the fiscal imbalance, horizontal and vertical equalization, evolution of methods of removal of fiscal disparities are highlighted. A European approach to overcoming the effects of the unequal distribution of potential sources of the financing of expenditures of bodies of local self-government is characterized. Features and invariance of reform of the public finance management system on the basis of decentralization, renewal of the financial equalization mechanism are considered. As a result of research, the effects (achievements and shortcomings) of the functioning of tools of vertical and horizontal equalization in the budget system of Ukraine implemented as a result of reform of fiscal decentralization, are analyzed. Basic recommendations aimed at further strengthening and establishing a stable local budgets base being a foundation for the whole budget system and a financial basis for local self-government, are proposed, on the strategy of improving the financial equalization mechanism that will provide achieving a balance of the interests of all participants in inter-budgetary relations.

Mathematical interpretation of risk-management methodology for natural-economic systems

Actuality of research theme. Nowadays conditions of implementation of administrative-territorial reform on the basis of decentralization, the problem of forming a methodology of decision-making taking into account the specifics of the processes taking place in the country becomes especially relevant. After all, the future of Ukrainian society depends on the success of the decisions made in the process of implementing the reforms of the state socio-economic management and the restructuring of the territorial organization of the business entities on the basis of decentralization. Problem statement. For providing of efficiency of reformation of territorial organization of management and administrative-territorial device new models, instruments and mechanisms of management and making decision, which will provide steady development of territories, regions and state, on the whole, are needed in Ukraine. For this reason, there is a necessity of perfection of methodology of making decision on principles of risk management, which will allow maximally to take into account the specific of process of decentralization of power and provide harmonious and effective combination of interests of the interested parties. Analysis of the last researches and publications. Such scientists are engaged in the modern aspects of decision of problems of decentralization and reformation of administrative-territorial device in a country, as Pavliuk A. P., Oliinyk D. I., Batalov O. A., Datsko O. I., Murkovych L. L., Molodozhen Yu. B. and other [1-4]. The results of own researches of problem are in to [5-11]. Selection of unexplored parts of general issue. The question of process control of decentralization on the basis of acceptance of effective decisions needs the special attention and deep both theoretical and practical, researches. Consequently there is a requirement in development of methodology of concordance, making and estimation of decisions, in the conditions of vagueness and risk of origin of negative events and circumstances which are stipulated the national specific of decentralization. Task statement, research aim. By the above-mentioned circumstances the predefined expedience of forming of methodology of risk-management naturally-economic systems on the example of the incorporated territorial societies. Method or methodology of realization of research. In the process of realization researches drawn on scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analytical grouping) and special (abstracting, economical-mathematical design, etc.) methods of study of the economic phenomena and processes. Exposition of basic material (job performances). It is in-process well-proven that risk-management naturally-economic systems to the number of which the united territorial communities (OTСs) belong, must take into account their specific. It is predefined that in practice of evaluation of the economic phenomena and processes in naturally-economic systems of the use of traditional methods it is not always possible. The use of tool of fuzzy set theory is for this reason offered. It is shown that the search of optimum mechanisms of adjusting of investment processes at regional level remains an urgent necessity. Above all things it touches territorial societies, as traditional mechanisms of management investment resources, as practice shows, do not provide necessary efficiency. Well-proven expedience for the estimation of the real investment projects which are offered the incorporated territorial societies, to use the mathematical vehicle of fuzzy set theory, when experts can estimate certain part of parameters of project. It is set that in the modern terms of reformation of administrative-territorial device and decentralization of power in Ukraine need the special attention of problem of management a housing-municipal services, as his maintenance is provided by local public authorities and created in the process of reformation the united territorial communities (OTСs). It is suggested to use the theory of fuzzy set theory at the estimation of quality of housing-municipal services. Conclusions. In-process the well-proven expedience of development of new tool of acceptance and estimation of decisions is taking into account the features of process of decentralization of power in Ukraine. It is set that the use of mathematical vehicle of fuzzy set theory is in relation to the estimation of investment projects, will be instrumental in the increase of authenticity of prognosis calculations in relation to economic and social efficiency of the programs and projects of management territories. The well-proven expedience of the use of fuzzy set theory for the estimation of quality of housing-municipal services. It will allow to take into account simultaneously quantitative and high-quality indexes that will be instrumental in the increase of level of efficiency of functioning of housing-municipal services in the united territorial communities.

Modern problems of centralized technologies of the client-server type and possibilities of their improvement on the basis of decentralization

The paper analyzes the basic principles of building decentralized technologies with the use of blockchain technology and their requirements in terms of security, as well as the analysis of the features and conditions of the use of secure blockchain technologies. Potential attacks are described and analyzed when the use of blockchain is a significant defense mechanism against them. The essence and suggestions concerning counteraction to attacks of a special kind are given.