Basic Views Research Articles

Shelley's Optimistic Attitudes Inspired by Nature in His Poems

This thesis chooses Shelley's concept of nature as the main theme. It analyzes some representative poems written by Shelley and finds out Shelley's views on nature. For Shelley, nature is a rich source of truth. Nature teaches us a lot of things. Freedom and ideality are the main themes in Shelley's poems. For his age, the social background is full of revolution. It is certain that Shelley should become a revolutionary poet. Like in Queen Mab and Prometheus Unbound, we can find his strong desire for freedom. Even in The Cloud, Shelley hopes to be like the cloud because it is free and happy. Shelley also shows to us a kind of optimistic attitude towards life and future. To a Skylark may be a typical one. Shelley is just like the skylark; he pursues being in harmony with nature. These two main themes seem to be the basic views of Shelley's concept of nature.

Artificial intelligence-assisted focused cardiac ultrasound training: A survey among undergraduate medical students

Objectives: Focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) is increasingly applied in many specialities, and adequate education and training of physicians is therefore mandatory. This study aimed to assess the impact of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted interactive focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) teaching session on undergraduate medical students’ confidence level and knowledge in cardiac ultrasound. Methods: The AI-assisted interactive FoCUS teaching session was held during the 9th National Undergraduate Cardiovascular Conference in London in March 2023 and all undergraduate medical students were invited to attend, and 79 students enrolled and attended the training. Two workshops were conducted each over 3-hour period. Each workshop consisted of a theoretical lecture followed by a supervised hands-on session by experts, first workshop trained 39 students and the second workshop trained 40 students. The students’ pre- and post-session knowledge and confidence levels were assessed by Likert-type-scale questionnaires filled in by the students before and immediately after the workshop. Results: A total of 61 pre-session and 52 post-session questionnaires were completed. Confidence level in ultrasound skills increased significantly for all six domains after the workshop, with the greatest improvement seen in obtaining basic cardiac views (p < 0.001 for all six domains). Students strongly agreed about the effectiveness of the teaching session and supported the integration of ultrasound training into their medical curriculum. Conclusions: AI-assisted interactive FoCUS training can be an effective and powerful tool to increase ultrasound skills and confidence levels of undergraduate medical students. Integration of such ultrasound courses into the medical curriculum should therefore be considered.

BAB-GSL: Using Bayesian influence with attention mechanism to optimize graph structure in basic views

In recent years, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have garnered significant attention, with a notable focus on Graph Structure Learning (GSL), a branch dedicated to optimizing graph structures to enhance network training performance. Current GSL methods primarily involve constructing optimized graph representations by analyzing one or more initial graph sources to improve performance in subsequent application tasks. Despite these advancements, achieving high-quality graphs that accurately and robustly reflect node relationships remains challenging. This paper introduces a novel approach, termed BAB-GSL, designed to approximate an ideal graph structure through a systematic process. Specifically, two basic views are extracted from the original graph and utilized as inputs for the model, where the preliminary optimized view is generated through the view fusion module. The Attention mechanism is then applied to the optimized view to improve nodes’ connectivity and expressiveness. Subsequently, the trained view is re-structured using a Bayesian optimizer to produce the final graph structure. Extensive experiments were conducted across multiple datasets, both in undisturbed and attacked scenarios, to thoroughly evaluate the proposed method, demonstrating the effectiveness and robustness of the BAB-GSL approach.

Enhancing trainee performance in obstetric ultrasound through an artificial intelligence system: randomized controlled trial.

Performing obstetric ultrasound scans is challenging for inexperienced operators; therefore, the prenatal screening artificial intelligence system (PSAIS) software was developed to provide real-time feedback and guidance for trainees during their scanning procedures. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential benefits of utilizing such an artificial intelligence system to enhance the efficiency of obstetric ultrasound training in acquiring and interpreting standard basic views. A prospective, single-center randomized controlled study was conducted at The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. From September 2022 to April 2023, residents with no prior obstetric ultrasound experience were recruited and assigned randomly to either a PSAIS-assisted training group or a conventional training group. Each trainee underwent a four-cycle practical scan training program, performing 20 scans in each cycle on pregnant volunteers at 18-32 gestational weeks, focusing on acquiring and interpreting standard basic views. At the end of each cycle, a test scan evaluated trainees' ability to obtain standard ultrasound views without PSAIS assistance, and image quality was rated by both the trainees themselves and an expert (in a blinded manner). The primary outcome was the number of training cycles required for each trainee to meet a certain standard of proficiency (i.e. end-of-cycle test scored by the expert at ≥ 80%). Secondary outcomes included the expert ratings of the image quality in each trainee's end-of-cycle test and the discordance between ratings by trainees and the expert. In total, 32 residents and 1809 pregnant women (2720 scans) were recruited for the study. The PSAIS-assisted trainee group required significantly fewer training cycles compared with the non-PSAIS-assisted group to meet quality requirements (P = 0.037). Based on the expert ratings of image quality, the PSAIS-assisted training group exhibited superior ability in acquiring standard imaging views compared with the conventional training group in the third (P = 0.012) and fourth (P < 0.001) cycles. In both groups, the discordance between trainees' ratings of the quality of their own images and the expert's ratings decreased with increasing training time. A statistically significant difference in overall trainee-expert rating discordance between the two groups emerged at the end of the first training cycle and remained at every cycle thereafter (P < 0.013). By assisting inexperienced trainees in obtaining and interpreting standard basic obstetric scanning views, the use of artificial intelligence-assisted systems has the potential to improve training effectiveness. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

The Evolution of Sociological Approaches Towards Conceptualizing Consumption in Western Sociology

The second half of the 20th century saw multiple directions of consumer research emerge in sociology, including a cultural turn, a material turn, a practical turn, a turn towards sustainability, and a digital turn. These turns indicate trends in sociological thought, which arise with increasing speed and overlap each other. On the one hand, these directions build upon ideas about consumption brought forth by the classics of economic theory and sociology, and on the other hand they constantly attempt to critically comprehend basic concepts and fill them with new meaning. The purpose of the article is to expand on the concept of consumption by reviewing the historical evolution of views on this concept in sociology of the 20–21 centuries. It first considers the integral definitions of consumption presented by contemporary sociologists (V. Radaev, E.R. McDonnell, A. Warde). From there it outlines the basic views on consumption held by classics of sociology (K. Marx, G. Simmel, T. Veblen, M. Weber, the Frankfurt School, P. Bourdieu). Finally, sociological approaches towards consumption that appeared during the second half of the 20th century are examined. A review of key approaches towards consumption demonstrates how the concept of consumption has consistently acquired new meanings and contexts, also acquiring an internal independent logic and transforming into a multidimensional concept in sociology. The paper covers a broad timeline and is based on key sociological works, without claiming to be able to comprehensively describe them. Also this paper does not consider the Russian tradition of research.

Structural Entropy Based Graph Structure Learning for Node Classification

As one of the most common tasks in graph data analysis, node classification is frequently solved by using graph structure learning (GSL) techniques to optimize graph structures and learn suitable graph neural networks. Most of the existing GSL methods focus on fusing different structural features (basic views) extracted from the graph, but very little graph semantics, like hierarchical communities, has been incorporated. Thus, they might be insufficient when dealing with the graphs containing noises from real-world complex systems. To address this issue, we propose a novel and effective GSL framework for node classification based on the structural information theory. Specifically, we first prove that an encoding tree with the minimal structural entropy could contain sufficient information for node classification and eliminate redundant noise via the graph's hierarchical abstraction. Then, we provide an efficient algorithm for constructing the encoding tree to enhance the basic views. Combining the community influence deduced from the encoding tree and the prediction confidence of each view, we further fuse the enhanced views to generate the optimal structure. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments on a variety of datasets. The results demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art competitors on effectiveness and robustness.

Use of Transesophageal Echocardiography for Liver Transplantation: A Global Comparison of Practice From the ILTS, SATA, and LICAGE.

Anesthesiologists frequently use intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) to aid in the diagnosis and management of hemodynamic problems during liver transplantation (LT). Although the use of TEE in US centers continues to increase, data regarding international use are lacking. This prospective, global, survey-based study evaluates international experience with TEE for LT. Responses from 252 LT (105 US and 147 non-US) centers representing 1789 anesthesiologists were analyzed. Routine use of TEE in the United States has increased in the last 5 y (from 37% to 47%), but only 21% of non-US LT anesthesiologists use TEE routinely. Lack of training (44% US versus 70% non-US) and equipment (9% non-US versus 34% US) were cited as obstacles. Most survey participants preferred not to perform a complete cardiac examination but rather use only 6 of 11 basic views. Although non-US LT anesthesiologists more frequently had additional clinical training than their US counterparts, they had less TEE experience (13% versus 44%) and less frequently, TEE certification (22% versus 35%). Most LT anesthesiologists agreed that TEE certification is essential for proficiency. Of all respondents, 89% agreed or strongly agreed that TEE provides valuable information needed for immediate clinical decision-making, and >86% agreed or strongly agreed that that information could not be derived from other sources. The use of TEE for LT surgery in the US LT centers is currently higher compared with non-US LT centers. This may become a standard monitoring modality during LT in the near future.

The spirit of freedom in the works of Mashkhur-Jusip Kopeyuly

Relevance. The works of Mashkhur-Zhusip Kopeyuly always differ in science in terms of their national content, style, and breadth of knowledge. Over time, the poet's legacy is being studied in detail, and its significance and relevance is growing. Purpose. The purpose of the study was to analyze the patriotic poems of Mashhur-Zhusip Kopeyuly and their impact on the modern youth of the sovereign country of Kazakhstan. In addition, to analyze the poet's personal statements, his poetic thoughts and philosophical views. Methodology. The research employs a qualitative approach, involving a comprehensive analysis of Mashkhur-Zhusip Kopeyuly's literary works. The study delves into the historical context, thematic elements, and symbolic representations within the poet's writings, drawing insights from literary criticism and historical accounts. Results. The article covers topical issues such as the national spirit, heroism and identity of the country, freedom and liberty, and their impact on the Kazakh spirituality, which are the basis of the poet's works. The historical events of the early 20th century, the violence of colonial policy and their consequences were widely reflected in the poet's legacy. In addition, the poet's own personal expressions, poetic thoughts and philosophical views were scientifically described and analyzed in detail. The poet's basic humanistic views on education and science, tradition and culture are depicted in the research. Conclusions. The study concludes that Mashkhur-Zhusip Kopeyuly's literary legacy holds enduring relevance in fostering a sense of patriotism and national pride among the youth of modern Kazakhstan. His works remain a testament to the indomitable spirit of the Kazakh people and their unwavering pursuit of independence and self-determination. The research underscores the need for further in-depth analysis and broader dissemination of the poet's works to inspire future generations and promote a deeper understanding of Kazakhstan's rich cultural heritage.

Взаимосвязь переживания одиночества и когнитивных искажений студентов вузов

The article presents the results of the study of the correlation between loneliness experience and cognitive biases of university students. It has revealed the interrelation between the index of general loneliness with dysfunctional attributes and basic views. The regression analysis has found that on the one hand, the conviction that the outer world is hostile and people are mean, contributes to experiencing loneliness, and on the other hand, social communication addiction influences the development of cognitive biases. Thus, “lonely” students attribute the reasons of their loneliness to their personality traits, and tend to reason about their own shortcomings; they may prefer to stay alone and find something positive in it. “Not lonely” students, when experiencing loneliness, seek ways to communicate with somebody.

ESSENCE AND CLASSIFICATION OF STRATEGIES OF INNOVATIVE SECURITY-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES

The article analyzes the existing combinations of the categories "strategy" and "innovative safety-oriented development", formed the content and essence of this definition and improved its classification. In the process of summarizing the results of the analysis of combinations of the categories "strategy" and "innovative safety-oriented development", a number of conclusions were obtained: in the context of strategic management of innovative safety-oriented development, it is more appropriate to use the phrase "strategy of innovative safety-oriented development"; it is possible to single out three basic views on the essence of the strategy of innovative security-oriented development; the main structural elements of the process of strategic management of innovative safety-oriented development include the potential of innovative development, the innovation process, and strategic analysis. On the basis of the obtained conclusions, the author's approach to the definition of "strategy of innovative safetyoriented development" is proposed and its classification is developed.

Prenatal Ultrasound Imaging of Orofacial Clefts: A Pictorial Essay.

Orofacial clefts (OFCs), including cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), and CL with palate (CL/P), are relatively common congenital birth defects occurring in approximately 1 in 500 to 1 in 2500 live births. Detecting OFCs during prenatal ultrasound screening is crucial for informed decision-making and multidisciplinary medical care. This review provides a practical guide for routine and advanced screening for OFCs during mid-pregnancy. The Maarse classification system facilitates effective communication among the multidisciplinary team, categorizing OFCs into five types. Basic ultrasound views encompass coronal, sagittal, and axial imaging of the face and hard palate. Additional visualization techniques are employed in case of suspected anomalies during the initial screening. Advanced ultrasound views provided by the expert in prenatal OFC diagnosis include imaging of the posterior edge of the hard palate and the posterior part of the soft palate. Detected OFCs exhibit a range of severity and affect different structures, underscoring the importance of accurate detection and classification for appropriate treatment planning. Implementing a standardized screening protocol for OFCs is essential. By enhancing detection rates and enabling early diagnosis, prenatal ultrasound screening contributes to improved patient outcomes and facilitates timely intervention by the multidisciplinary team. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the significance of standardized protocols and specialized techniques for prenatal ultrasound screening of OFCs. Early detection and classification of these malformations play a vital role in comprehensive management, ensuring that affected individuals and their families receive the appropriate care and support they need.

How to choose a design thinking method for teaching the design of localization: A two-dimension linguistic fuzzy model with two-tuples.

There are many different types of scientific design thinking methods, but it is necessary to evaluate the applicability of the methods to the components of the design teaching curriculum in universities. Therefore, this study assesses the applicability of design thinking in terms of "design practice" and "locality" based on the local design education philosophy and the characteristics of the students and courses. A two-dimensional linguistic fuzzy model with two-tuples was proposed, and the assessment values of 36 experts were statistically analysed using the Delphi, triangular fuzzy number, Euclidean distance, two-dimension linguistic label (2DLL), and two-dimensional linguistic weighted arithmetic aggregation (2DLWAA) methods. The results highlighted the 12 categories of design thinking methods that are most applicable to teaching and learning, indicating the basic views of university design faculty on the application of design thinking methods. Finally, the new design teaching methods have been validated and constructed through years of teaching practice, and have some reference value for teaching design courses in universities.

Objections to Sam Harris’ Critic of Religion

Some thinkers of the modern period have reached the general opinion that the social appearance and social dynamics of religion have increased, and therefore, religion is on the rise. However, the historical and theological tensions between religions that sometimes lead to conflicts and the increase in disagreements between various sects of the same religion have led to an increase in criticism of religion as a whole in certain circles. Sam Harris is one of the important representatives of the new atheism, which is among the schools of thought that make these criticisms. In this study, I will discuss Harris’ criticism of religion in which he argues that religious belief has many harmful and negative aspects. Therefore, he defends the view that it is necessary to fight against religion and to completely remove the phenomenon of religion from people’s lives. This and other of Harris’ basic claims, grounds, evidence, and views on the subject will be discussed, the persuasiveness and philosophical value of his basic approach will be examined through comparisons with rational and philosophical evaluations, and prominent dilemmas, if any, will be identified. The consistency of Harris’ criticism of religious beliefs and the accuracy of these criticisms constitute the problematic of the study. The aim of this study is to examine the author’s views through criticism, consider comparisons of this subject, and create a synthesis based on different approaches to the subject. To present this synthesis, the basic framework of this study is an examination of his The End of Faith: The Separation of Religion and Reason, Morality without God: A Guide for Spirituality without Religion, and The Harms of Religion: Conflicting Truth Claims of Religions.

An Audit of Diagnostic Mammography Examination among Women Presenting with Breast Symptoms

Background: Mammography is one of the imaging modalities that has been in existence for a long period of time in investigating the breast for pathologies. Its use in imaging the breast can be for the purpose of screening and diagnosis. Breast screening allows for early detection of breast cancer. Early detection of breast can save lives. Despite its important imaging modality for breast, mammography is not readily available in this part of the world. Our institution just acquired one recently. Objectives: Therefore, the aim of our study is to document the pattern of mammographic findings and to determine the prevalence of breast pathologies (benign and malignant) among symptomatic patients referred for mammography. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study comprises 121 symptomatic women who presented for mammographic examination at the Radiology Department of the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada from January 2016 to December 2018. Two basic views (craniocaudal and mediolateral views) of the breast were obtained using an EXR-650 mammographic machine. Some of the patients had complimentary ultrasound scans. Results: The mean age of the study population was 47.23± 8.25 with an age range of 32–77 years. The majority of the patients were in the age group 40–49 years. Most women in the study were premenopausal and the majority had no family history of breast cancer. Breast pain was the most common symptom patients presented with. Heterogenous fibro glandular tissue accounted for the majority of mammographic breast density. Age correlated positively with a pattern of breast density among the study population. Abnormal mammographic findings were seen in 67 (55.4%) patients among which benign mass was the most prevalent. Among patients who presented with breast pain majority had normal mammographic findings while for those with breast lump, benign breast mass accounted for 35.7% representing the majority and malignant mass accounted for 19.1%. The relationship between mammographic outcome and indication was statistically significant P = 0.0001. Conclusion: Mammography plays a pivotal role in the evaluation of the breast in patients who presented with symptoms as it can differentiate benign and malignant lesions of the breast. In this study, the use of mammography reveals various pathologies in which benign breast mass accounted for the majority of breast pathologies detected.

Развитие взглядов К. Маркса на историческую свободу в трех социальных формах

Nowadays, under the order of the logical expansion of Western capital, human beings are faced with various survival problems. Whether it is the natural environment, ecology, energy or social, financial, economic crisis, crisis of faith, etc., the root causes of unfavorable scenarios are closely related to the lifestyle dominated by the logic of capital. By analyzing and modernly exploring the Marxist concept of freedom in three major social forms, the authors have tried to find a new way to resolve the above-mentioned existential crisis. At the same time, the discussion of Marx’s concept of historical freedom is significant for the modern theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Marx’s view of freedom is the theoretical system of Marx’s (Engels) basic views on the root of human freedom, the essence of freedom, the basic content of freedom, the value function of free-dom and the way to realize freedom. To fully understand K. Marx’s point of view on this issue, it is necessary to associate his theory of three social formations with the study of human freedom in the process of historical de-velopment. The theory of the three major social formations is an extremely important content of Marx’s view of history.

Assessment of cardiopulmonary point-of-care ultrasound objective structured clinical examinations in graduating anesthesiology residents across multiple residency programs

Study objectiveTo implement and assess a cardiopulmonary point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in a large cohort of graduating anesthesia residents. DesignObservational cohort study. SettingUniversity-affiliated hospitals. Subjects150 graduating anesthesia residents in their last nine months of training. InterventionsA standardized cardiopulmonary OSCE was administered to each resident. MeasurementsThe cardiac views evaluated were parasternal long axis (PLAX), apical 4 chamber (A4C), and parasternal short axis (PSAX). The pulmonary views evaluated were pleural effusion (PLE) and pneumothorax (PTX). In addition, a pre- and post-exam survey scored on a 5-point Likert scale was administered to each resident. Main resultsA4C view (mean 0.7 ± 0.3) scored a lower mean, compared to PSAX (mean 0.8 ± 0.3) and PLAX (mean 0.8 ± 0.4). Residents performed well on the PTX exam (mean 0.9 ± 0.3) but more poorly on the PLE exam (mean 0.6 ± 0.4). Structural identification across cardiac and pulmonary views were mostly high (means >0.7), but advanced interpretive skills and maneuvers had lower mean scores. Pre- and post- OSCE survey results were positive with almost all questions scoring >4 on the Likert scale. ConclusionOur study demonstrates that a cardiopulmonary POCUS OSCE can be successfully implemented across multiple anesthesia training programs. While most residents were able to perform basic ultrasound views and identify structures, advanced interpretive skills and maneuvers performed lower.

Completion of Fetal Anatomy Evaluations in Women With Body Mass Index ≥ 50 kg/m2.

As maternal body mass index (BMI) increases, fetal anatomy ultrasound becomes more challenging, less sensitive, and less likely to be complete. We sought to report our experience of incomplete evaluation of anatomy in patients with BMI of 50 kg/m2 or greater. This is a retrospective cohort of singleton gestations in mothers with BMI of 50 kg/m2 or greater, undergoing anatomy evaluations between 2017 and 2021 at 9 maternal-fetal-medicine sites in Houston, TX. Patient variables and scan results were collected throughout pregnancy to provide a longitudinal assessment of the primary outcome, completion rate (percent of all scans which optimally captured 24 American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine-recommended images). Secondary outcomes included the rate of optimal capture of each individual structure. In total, 293 patients with BMI ≥50 kg/m2 were identified. Only 28% of initial scans were complete, but over the entire pregnancy, a complete anatomic evaluation was achieved in 76% of women, largely due to weekly ultrasounds done for antenatal testing later in pregnancy. Neither BMI, placental location, nor amniotic fluid volume affected completion rate. The most difficult views are the outflow tracts, 4-chamber view, and spine. One quarter of women with BMI of 50 kg/m2 or greater will not have a complete fetal anatomic evaluation by the end of pregnancy, since even basic fetal anatomic views are technically challenging to complete. Solutions deserve further attention, and may include first trimester imaging, transvaginal imaging, and optimization of ultrasound machine settings.

A role for ultra-high resolution three-dimensional printed human heart models.

Echocardiography is essential for diagnosing and assessing the severity of perioperative structural and functional heart disease. Yet, educational opportunities to better understand echocardiography-based cardiac anatomy remain limited by the two-dimensional display, lack of anatomic details, variability of heart models, and costs and global access of training. We performed micro computed tomography of human heart specimens not suitable for orthotopic transplantation. We created high-resolution computational 3D models of different human hearts, sliced them in the different recommended American Society of Echocardiography views, and 3D printed them using different materials. We scanned, 3D modeled, and 3D printed a variety of human hearts both healthy and diseased. We have made the models available in the cardiac operating rooms and routinely use them for teaching anesthesia residents and cardiothoracic anesthesia fellows about basic and advanced echocardiographic views, cardiopulmonary bypass cannulation strategies, and valvular pathology and planned interventions. We have generated a library of 3D printed hearts to display the recommended echocardiographic views as a unique educational tool designed to safely accelerate the understanding of absolute and relative human cardiac anatomy and pathology, especially related to gaining advanced appreciation of clinically employed perioperative echocardiography.

MUBAHAT TURKER KUYEL AND HER CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE TURKISHISLAMIC THOUGHT

This study aims to briefly introduce Mübahat Türker Küyel, who was one of the few people who did academic studies in the early years of the Republic of Turkey, and to reveal her contributions to the history of Turkic-Islamic thought. Mübahat Türker Küyel made important contributions in the field of philosophy in Turkey. One of the main reasons for presenting the study is that there are almost no studies on Küyel. As an example of these few studies, the master's thesis on his life, works and basic views can be given. In addition, there are several book chapters written about Küyel. However, although this article gives brief information about Küyel’s life and academic works, our study essentially differs from other studies in terms of identifying her contributions to Turkish thought through her writings. When the works of Küyel are examined carefully, It will be seen that she has various works on Turkish philosophers and thinkers such as al-Fārābī, Khawārizmī, al-Bīrūnī, Ibn al-Sīnā, Yusuf Has Hājib, Ahmad al-Yasawī and Yunus Emre. Küyel's doctoral dissertation titled Üç Tehâfüt Bakımından Felsefe ve Din Münasebeti, which covers the important issues of Islamic philosophy, still maintains its importance. It also should be said that her both translations and publications about al-Fārābī have a very important and original position in terms of Islamic Philosophy studies conducted in Turkey. As well as These studies she wrote about Pre-Islamic Turkish president such as Bilge Qaghan and Tonyukuk. When her works are examined in a holistic way, Küyel's contributions to Turkish culture and thought will be seen more clearly. In this study, which indicates the characteristics of a monograph, the literature was searched, and the descriptive method was used. Keywords: Islamic Philosophy, Mübahat Türker Küyel, Turkish-Islamic Thought, al-Fārābī, Ibn al-Sīnā, Ahmad Yasawī, Yunus Emre.

Basic Views of School-Based Management Theory in Improving Education Quality

The main role of education is to improve the quality of human resources, both through government and non-government institutions. One solution is through School Based Management (SBM) as a management of resources to improve the quality of education. Schools are given direct authority regarding services in schools both internally and externally. This is in line with the decentralization policy which encourages schools to make decisions in a transparent, accountable and participatory manner by involving school members such as principals, teachers, students, parents and the community.