Basic Terminology Research Articles

Game-based Teaching Methodology for Active and Informal Learning

ABSTRACT It is difficult to keep learners engaged in the classroom. Teachers need to innovate new ways to keep them active. The most common pedagogic methods require learners to be familiar with course terminologies and phrases. They may even require indepth knowledge of the concepts at times. However, a small number of pedagogic techniques have been developed to ensure that learners understand basic terminologies and phrases, and the relationships between them. This paper fills that gap by introducing a novel game-based pedagogic technique. Findings based on scores of participating and non-participating learners show that participating learners understood the important terminologies, phrases, and their relationships in the courses very well. The nonparticipating learners had difficulty remembering the relationships between terminologies. Experiments have shown that when innovative learning methodologies are used in the classroom, learners understand the important words and concepts better. ANOVA one-factor test suggests that learners have benefitted from this game-based pedagogic approach. It was discovered that gamification aids learners in remembering and relating terminologies and phrases. This method has resulted in better teamwork and comprehension. Gaming, as a pedagogic technique, to learn a course helps build creative, ingenious and pioneering thinking. It builds critical-thinking abilities among learners. Keywords: Active learning, engineering education, game-based pedagogic technique, gamification, innovative teaching-learning

Experimental study of the impact of using machine translation engines on the quality of translation of texts in the field of Jungian psychology

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of using machine translation engines (Microsoft Translator and DeepL Translate) on the quality of translation of texts in the field of Jungian psychology. The translation quality was determined by the number of errors and quality of rendering psychological terminology. The modern translation market offers many online engines designed to help with the translation of psychological texts, which gradually get more recognition, but it’s important to define the most efficient machine translation engine that can be recommended for working with the texts in the field of Jungian psychology. In the course of conducting our research, we formulated a research hypothesis, selected a psychological text rich in psychological terminology, compiled a bilingual glossary based on the selected text, selected machine translation engines and the procedure of evaluating errors, analyzed translated texts in terms of general quality and in terms of transferring psychological terminology, processed the experimental data and represented the results in the form of tables providing an expert assessment of the empirical data and formulated conclusions. In the process of conducting the experiment, the second hypothesis was confirmed: the quality of conveying the content and basic psychological terminology in the translation of the text in the field of Jungian psychology turned out to be higher when using the DeepL Translate machine translation engine, and therefore it is this machine translation engine that we can recommend for the use by professional translators working with texts in the field of Jungian psychology. However, when using this online translator, one needs to be aware of the inaccuracies, literalism tendency and stylistic errors that the machine makes.

NOAH as an Innovative Tool for Modeling the Use of Suburban Railways

The paper presents an innovative method called the “Nest of Apes Heuristic” (NOAH) for modeling specific problems by combining technical aspects of transport systems with human decision-making. The method is inspired by nature. At the beginning of the paper, potential problems related to modeling a suburban rail system were presented. The literature review is supplemented with a short description of known heuristics. The basic terminology, procedures, and algorithm are then introduced in detail. The factors of the suburban rail system turn into “Monkeys”. Monkeys change their position in the nest, creating leaders and followers. This allows for the comparison of the factor sets in a real system. The case study area covers the vicinity of Wroclaw, the fourth largest city in Poland. Two experiments were conducted. The first takes into account the average values of the factors in order to observe the algorithm’s work and formulate the stopping criteria. The second is based on the current values of the factors. The purpose of this work was to evaluate these values and to assess the possibilities of changing them. The obtained results show that the new tool may be useful for modeling and analyzing such problems.

A Review on Modelling of Viscoelastic Contact Problems

Approaches to solving viscoelastic problems have received extensive attention in recent decades as viscoelastic materials have been widely applied in various fields. An overview of relevant modelling approaches is provided in the paper. The review starts with a brief introduction of some basic terminologies and theories that are commonly used to describe the contact behaviour of viscoelastic materials. By building up the complexity of contact problems, including dry contact, lubricated contact, thermoviscoelastic contact and non-linear viscoelastic contact, tentative analytical solutions are first introduced as essential milestones. Afterwards, a series of numerical models for the various types of contact problems with and without surface roughness are presented and discussed. Examples, in which computational tools were employed to assist the analysis of viscoelastic components in different fields, are given as case studies to demonstrate that a comprehensive numerical framework is currently being developed to address complex viscoelastic contact problems that are prevalent in real life.

An Introduction to the Study of (Late) Prehistoric Ground Stone Artefacts in the Western Part of Jebel Sabaloka in Central Sudan / Úvod do studia pravěkých broušených kamenných artefaktů ze západní části pohoří Sabaloka ve středním Súdánu

This study is devoted to stone artefacts made from raw materials that are valued for their hardness, tenacity, and texture. They were often ground, and some tools from this category were themselves used for grinding. In addition to shaping artefacts, they were employed in processing of food, crushing minerals and ores, or as parts of digging sticks. Changes in their functional composition generally signal significant subsistence, economic and social changes. As our research focuses on the Sahel region, which has undergone complex formative processes connected with climate change and radical transformation of living conditions, it is necessary to test diverse approaches to utilizing the information potential of finds from this region. The studied artefacts come from Mesolithic (~9000–5000 cal BC) and Early Neolithic (~5000–3800 cal BC) settlements in the western part of Jebel Sabaloka in central Sudan. We focus on two assemblages from surface collection at the sites of Sphinx (Mesolithic) and Fox Hill (Mesolithic and Early Neolithic). We first provide a critical review of core studies of ground stone artefacts from the region and propose a unified basic terminology. Subsequently, we present a new classification and description system and highlight certain variables which are important to track at the sites. Among other things, our conclusions indicate that although changes occur in the settlement system and domesticated animals appear in the study region in the fifth millennium BC, these changes are reflected neither in the quantity nor in any substantial way in the morphometric characteristics of ground stone artefacts as was the case, for instance, in the Near East.

A brief survey on big data: technologies, terminologies and data-intensive applications

The technical advancements and the availability of massive amounts of data on the Internet draw huge attention from researchers in the areas of decision-making, data sciences, business applications, and government. These massive quantities of data, known as big data, have many benefits and applications for researchers. However, the use of big data consumes a lot of time and imposes enormous computational complexity. This survey describes the significance of big data and its taxonomy and details the basic terminologies used in big data. It also discusses the technologies used in big data applications as well as their various complexities and challenges. The survey focuses on the various techniques presented in the literature to restrain the issues associated with big data. In particular, the review concentrates on big data techniques in accordance with processing, security, and storage. It also discusses the various parameters associated with big data, such as availability and velocity. The study analyses big data terminologies and techniques in accordance with several factors, such as year of publication, performance metrics, achievement of the existing models, and methods utilized. Finally, this review article describes the future direction of research and highlights big data possibilities and solicitations with a detailed sketch of the big data processing frameworks.

Medium-Voltage Motor Vibration: Where Do I Start?: A Primer for Early Career Professionals

Electric motors form the bulk of prime movers for pumps, compressors, fans, and other driven equipment, which make up a significant portion of a typical petrochemical plant load. Proper application of electric motors ensures that a given service will be safe, reliable, and efficient; and to that end, motor vibration is a critical application consideration. This article outlines the principles of motor vibration; the electrical, mechanical, and civil reasons for its cause; and how vibration is detected and mitigated. We then compare the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Motors and Generators (MG)-1 and the American Petroleum Institute (API) motor standards from a vibration-limit perspective. Finally, we discuss what manufacturing or external methods are effective in reducing vibration and how rotors are balanced and tested to meet requirements. The goal of the article is twofold: to provide basic concepts and terminology related to medium-voltage (MV) motor vibration and to share an end user’s perspective on what matters most during design and installation.

What does family building mean? A qualitative exploration and a new definition: a UK-based study

BackgroundThe importance of improving men’s and women’s knowledge of sexual and reproductive health has been emphasised in numerous global health policies. Fertility awareness literature highlights a disproportionately higher number of articles related to pregnancy-prevention compared to pregnancy-planning, which is justifiable in many contexts. However, recent concerted effort to improve fertility-awareness warrants a closer investigation of basic reproductive health terminologies. The objective of this study is to explore participants’ views of “family building” and provide a definition.MethodsWe conducted 35 qualitative in-depth interviews on men, women and healthcare professionals who were sampled from a UK cross-sectional survey. We asked participants about terms such as ‘family planning’ and ‘family building’ to elicit views and explored the appropriateness of the term “family building.” Data were transcribed and analysed via Framework analysis.ResultsWhen asked what ‘family planning’ meant to them, study participants stated that the term meant the avoidance of pregnancy. They viewed it as an “umbrella term for the use of contraception methods,” that “paradoxically, the term family planning almost has a negative connotation regarding having a family,” but could not state similar terminology for planning a family. Reasons cited for this perspective include the focus of school education and usage in clinical settings.ConclusionsIn the absence of an explicit definition in literature, we generated a new definition for family building as follows: “Family building refers to the construction or formation of a family, which can include steps or actions taken by an individual towards having children. In contrast to family planning, the intent focuses on pregnancy planning and childbearing rather than pregnancy prevention. However, it can also include actions taken to space the number of children one has.” Some balance in the global public health messages, including bridging the gap in reproductive health literature, policies, processes and practices may contribute to the effort to improve fertility knowledge. Use of appropriate terminologies help optimise reproductive health services in order to enable men and women achieve their desired fertility intentions, whatever they may be.Trial registration Not applicable

Air-Rail Alliances in the Context of Liability and Environmental Protection

Since the deregulation of airlines in the 1970s and 80s the aviation industry has constantly tried to find new ways to engage with the increasingly competitive aviation market by expanding their outreach through strategic partnerships and global alliances. Over the past 10 years airlines have strengthened their partnerships with railway companies to offer more convenient connections for passengers to their hubs and link remote areas to their route network. These Air-Rail Alliances have helped airlines to stay competitive in the modern aviation market. This short paper will briefly examine two legal issues pertaining to Air-Rail Alliance namely whether an airline can be held liable in case of an accident during the train leg of the journey and how Air-Rail Alliances help airlines to meet their carbon emission reduction goals under the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) and the ICAO Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA). Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, Air-Rail Alliances proved to be a good vehicle for airlines to replace specific flights in their network. The paper will first explain basic terminology relating to the airline’s business before explaining the structure of Air-Rail Alliances in more detail. Afterwards, it will address the question as to whether an airline can be held liable in the case of an accident during the train leg of the journey. The paper will answer this question by arguing that airlines cannot be held liable under international aviation law but rather the train operator under the lex loci of the state in which the accident occurred. Finally, the paper will discuss the structure of both the EU ETS and CORSIA and argue that Air-Rail Alliances are a valuable tool for airlines to meet their CO2 reduction goals. It will be highlighted that both regimes are flexible and adaptive enough to take the unprecedented consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic into account and underline how the law can be adaptive in such a changing environment.

Determination of Admission Criteria for Global Public Health Master at the University of Georgia

Abstract Background Recent events in the world, wars, pandemics, have once again raised the issue of the need for competent human resources in global public health (GPH). In Georgia, there are master’s degree programs in public health where global health is mostly offered as an elective or core course of the curriculum. University of Georgia (UG) is involved in the ERASMUS + project in GPH (BACE). UG initiated to create new GPH Master Program, which will be response towards local, regional and international challenges and demand. Objective Main objective of developing GPH program was to address and meet national and international global health education needs and challenges. The aim of the study was to identify evidence-based prerequisites for the MPH in GPH (UG). We conducting document review based on the GPH competency model (GPHCM) and evaluated: 1) GPH & MPH programs of the top 20 world university ranking (THE/2022); 2) CUGH associated programs; 3) Georgian MPH programs; 4) Georgian education documents (such as Georgian National Qualifications Framework (GNQF)); 5) Main directions of career development in global health. In addition, interviews with national experts were conducted (in education, employment, program leaders) using the Delph method. Results Study found that depending on the scope and content of the program, prerequisites for obtaining MPH in GPH varies. In addition to English competence and a high GPA, working or research experience or interviews or additional exams or other are required. In Georgia, there is no adopted GPHCM, but GNQF allows the establishment of MPH in GPH. UG new Master program (120 ECTS) will include 99 ECTS core (including research practicum & thesis) and 21 ECTS elective courses based on 6 domains of GPHCM. The program will mostly focus on population health management at a global level. Conclusions Study findings suggest any undergraduates with appropriate conditions could be eligible for admission to the UG (MPH in GPH). Key messages • UG admission prerequisites for Health Science undergraduates: National entrance exam, English proficiency B2, working experience and motivation letter. • UG additionally admission prerequisites for Health Science undergraduates: basic knowledge epidemiology and medical terminology (if credits available or test).

Editorial. Special Issue: Conceptualising Action Research: Basic assumptions and terminology in Action Research

Bibliography: Eikeland, Olav/Frimann, Søren/Hersted, Lone/Borup Jensen, Julie: Editorial. Special Issue: Conceptualising Action Research: Basic assumptions and terminology in Action Research, IJAR – International Journal of Action Research, Vol. 18, Issue 2-2022, pp. 95-99. https://doi.org/10.3224/ijar.v18i2.01 ----- Open Access License: This contribution is available in Open Access under the Creative Commons license CC BY 4.0 (Attribution 4.0 International) as of October 18, 2022. More information about the license and the terms of use can be found here .

Are action researchers mixed up? Reviewing and revising basic assumptions, concepts, and terminology in and by means of action research

The article explores and discusses whether we as action researchers are undermining or subverting our own intuitions and intentions, or at least not doing justice to it, when mixing a) learning and exploration through individual and collective action and reflection, with b) elements from conventional research methods. The article’s basic question: Can the intentions and results from a) be reduced to and validated fully or partly through b) conventional methods? Can we save the scientific legitimacy of action research by ultimately resorting to conventional methods and theories? What does action research uniquely add in relation to conventional learning, knowledge generation, and change projects? We discuss some challenges raised by questions like these, and suggest ways of handling them. After exploring ways of being “seduced” by conventional methods, we conclude by recommending a gnoseology to replace a one-dimensional epistemology, and by explaining and recommending the procedure of immanent critique as a way of developing insights and competencies from the inside of practices; i. e. a genuinely Action research method.

Racial, ethnic, and sex disparities in atrial fibrillation management: rate and rhythm control.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects around 6 million Americans. AF management involves pharmacologic therapy and/or interventional procedures to control rate and rhythm, as well as anticoagulation for stroke prevention. Different populations may respond differently to distinct management strategies. This review will describe disparities in rate and rhythm control and their impact on outcomes among women and historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups. This is a narrative review exploring the topic of sex and racial and/or ethnic disparities in rate and rhythm management of AF. We describe basic terminology, summarize AF epidemiology, discuss diversity in clinical research, and review landmark clinical trials. Despite having higher rates of traditional AF risk factors, Black and Hispanic adults have lower risk of AF than non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients, although those with AF experience more severe symptoms and report lower quality-of-life scores than NHW patients with AF. NHW patients receive antiarrhythmic drugs, cardioversions, and invasive therapies more frequently than Black and Hispanic patients. Women have lower rates of AF than men, but experience more severe symptoms, heart failure, stroke, and death after AF diagnosis. Women and people from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds are inadequately represented in AF trials; prevalence findings may be a result of underdetection. Race, ethnicity, and gender are social determinants of health that may impact the prevalence, evolution, and management of AF. This impact reflects differences in biology as well as disparities in treatment and representation in clinical trials.

Особенности межкультурной коммуникации в современной культурно-образовательной парадигме

In this article we will consider the basic principles and features of intercultural communication in the modern educational paradigm. The relevance of this article is due to the fact that in the trends of pragmalinguistics that have emerged at the moment, as well as in methodology, most scientists recognize the importance of the human factor, i.e. a speaking individual who is an active participant in communication, who is trained as an active participant in the educational process. The main objectives of the study of the article are: a presentation of the main problems and topics of intercultural communication, mastering the basic concepts and terminology, the formation of practical skills and abilities to communicate with representatives of other cultures. This area of pragmalinguistics is being deve-loped by E.S. Aznaurova, V.G. Gak, G.V. Kolshansky, I.P. Susov and other scientists investigating the conditions for the use of linguistic signs by an individual. Terms of use are the conditions of conscious choice and use of speech units in order to achieve the ultimate goal of communication, i.e. influence on the interlocutor. The article also says that intercultural communication begins with the realization of the fact of real-life cultural differences between different people, which can prevent adequate behavior and normal interaction with the participants in communication. Consequently, the principal goal of their communication is to overcome intercultural differences, to move away from antagonism to a voluntary and conscious compromise. Recognition of natural differences inspires to accept that each person has his own rules, patterns of thinking and behavior, due to a complex of cultural factors. That only when these features are taken into account is the desired success of communication possible.

FUNDAMENTALS OF PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS AND THEIR METHODS OF CHARACTERIZATION

Protein-protein interactions are ubiquitous biological phenomena in all types of organism and play vital roles in various metabolic processes. Therefore, it is very important to understand how protein-protein interactions take place and govern different mechanisms at cellular and molecular levels. Thus, determination of protein-protein interactions is the key in elucidating such mechanisms. In order to provide adequate knowledge and guidance in selecting appropriate methods to determine protein-protein interactions, this article will review basic principles, definitions, terminologies, parameters and classification of protein-protein interactions, obtained either from in silico or laboratory experimental works. Some examples of commonly used biochemical and biophysical methods for characterization of protein-protein interactions were also discussed.

Indications and utility of cardiac genetic testing in athletes.

Sports Cardiology practice commonly involves the evaluation of athletes for genetically determined cardiac conditions that may predispose to malignant arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. High-level exercise can lead to electrical and structural cardiac remodelling which mimics inherited cardiac conditions (ICCs). Differentiation between 'athlete's heart' and pathology can be challenging and often requires the whole armamentarium of available investigations. Genetic studies over the last 30 years have identified many of the genetic variants that underpin ICCs and technological advances have transformed genetic testing to a more readily available and affordable clinical tool which may aid diagnosis, management, and prognosis. The role of genetic testing in the evaluation and management of athletes with suspected cardiac conditions is often unclear beyond the context of specialist cardio-genetics centres. This document is aimed at physicians, nurses, and allied health professionals involved in the athlete's care. With the expanding role and availability of genetic testing in mind, this document was created to address the needs of the broader sports cardiology community, most of whom work outside specialized cardio-genetics centres, when faced with the evaluation and management of athletes with suspected ICC. The first part of the document provides an overview of basic terminology and principles and offers guidance on the appropriate use of genetic testing in the assessment of such athletes. It outlines key considerations when contemplating genetic testing, highlighting the potential benefits and pitfalls, and offers a roadmap to genetic testing. The second part of the document presents common clinical scenarios in Sports Cardiology practice, outlining the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications of genetic testing, including impact on exercise recommendations. The scope of this document does not extend to a comprehensive description of the genetic basis, investigation, or management of ICCs.

Building Bridges Between (Global) Business and the Rainbow Community in India: An Interview with Pride Circle’s Co-founder Ramkrishna Sinha

As long as business is done, there also has to be a business case for diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI), says Ram Sinha from the Pride Circle. When it comes to DEI activities, the often invisible nature of the LGBT+ community, its smaller size (relative to other minorities) and vast heterogeneity, as well as lack of standardization of basic terminology, make building bridges between MNEs and the community quite challenging. In this interview with one of Asia’s leading social enterprises in the LGBT+ space, Ram shares his vast experience in the rapidly evolving DEI landscape. He also provides actionable insights for IB scholars, practitioners, educators and policymakers on MNE operations in an emerging market which is quickly becoming a hotbed of DEI innovation.

Geometric Design of Planar Scissor Linkages with Hybrid Loop Assemblies

Due to their expansion capabilities and the simplicity of their design, scissor linkages have been used in both architecture and engineering for various applications, such as expandable roofs and shelters, movable bridges, furniture, and as parts of mechanisms. The two main design methods used for scissor linkages are the unit-based method and the loop-based method. While the unit-based method is based on serial multiplication of the scissor units, the loop-based method is based on aligning predefined loop types onto the desired curve. When the input parameter is the desired curvature for the finally deployed configuration of the linkage, the loop-based method is easier and more convenient for defining the scissor units to create the whole linkage geometry. Most of the existing studies on the loop-based method deal with identical or arbitrary loops. Hybrid loop assemblies have not yet been studied, although they may offer different geometric alternatives. This work aimed to fill this gap in the literature and present a geometric design approach for scissor linkages composed of hybrid loop assemblies using frieze patterns. First, the basic terminology, such as loop types, loop assemblies, and frieze patterns, is introduced. Then, we discuss scissor linkages using hybrid loops, generated using a predefined rectilinear geometry in which frieze groups are used to provide diverse variations. The kinematic definitions of the represented linkages are then explained. To reveal the potential applications of the scissor linkages composed of hybrid loops, a case study was conducted in which the proposed linkages were used as a canopy structure. After discussing the potential for using hybrid loops, and their deployment, we present the concluding remarks and make suggestions for future research.

Knowledge retention regarding First Aid: A comparison between trained and untrained medical students in Peshawar.

Objective: To compare the impact of formal training in terms of knowledge retention regarding First Aid among medical students of selected medical colleges in Peshawar, Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Three Selected Public and Private Medical Colleges in Peshawar. Period: November 2018 to June 2019. Material & Methods: A total of 150 students out of whom 75 had received formal training of first aid program one year back and 75 were selected as a comparative group who had no training in this regards. Data were collected on an indigenous questionnaire which incorporates the knowledge about basic terminology and important step taken for dealing with the different medical emergencies as first aid providers. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 20. Chi-square test was used for comparing the frequency of correct answers and p-value <0.05 was significant. Results: Among 150 students 52(34.7%) were male and 98(65.3) female. A comparatively high proportion of 54 (72.0%) of trained medical students correctly marked the meaning of “First Aid” and “CPR” as compared to 38 (50.7%) of untrained students (p=0.042). however, there was no significant difference in terms of knowledge regarding important step taken for patients with cardiac arrest, bleeding, burn emergency, fracture, and frostbite (p>0.05). Conclusion: The regarding knowledge of first aid program were more or less similar among trained and untrained medical students. However, comparatively higher proportions of trained medical students were able to correctly define the term first aid and CPR.

УКРАЇНСЬКА ПЕРЕКЛАДНА ТЕРМІНОГРАФІЯ У ЇЇ СУЧАСНИХ ВИКЛИКАХ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ ТРИМОВНИХ ВИДАНЬ XXI СТОЛІТТЯ)

The modern intensive development of education, science, technology and art on a world scale has led to a global expansion of scientific contacts and an increase of the amount of scientific literature, which in the independent Ukraine was expressed in the urgent need to create Ukrainian-language industry-based translation and explanatory dictionaries. The concept of the industry-based vocabulary was revealed, and the experience of compiling trilingual branch-based vocabularies of the XXI century was analyzed in the present manuscript. At the beginning of the third millennium, there is an over-interest in the foreign languages in Ukraine. This could be traced in the economic, business and financial spheres. Taking into account the needs of the public, a trilingual English-Russian-Ukrainian dictionary of economics and finance and a trilingual dictionary of tax, financial and legal terms were created for the first time in Ukrainian science. The first lexicographic work in Ukrainian studies that covered the most commonly used Ukrainian biological terms and its correspondents in Russian and English is a dictionary of Ukrainian biological terminology. A qualitative source of the information of basic knowledge in economic theory is the Ukrainian-Russian-English terms dictionary of this field. The Ukrainian-Russian-English Dictionary of scientific and technical terms for mechanical engineering was called to provide the most accurate translation of scientific and technical terms into Russian and English. The trilingual dictionary of modern law terminology has been prepared for Ukrainian practicing or future lawyers. The trilingual dictionary for physicists implements the urgent need to lead to the correspondence the basic physical terminology that functions in the modern scientific circulation. The principles of dictionaries compiling were defined, and the necessity of their publication was substantiated. The main attention was paid to the scientific value of the works that is caused by the needs of modern Ukrainian terminography.