Basic Sports Research Articles

The Analysis of Implementation and Implementing Strategy of Multilateral Development in Sport Training Sessions on Young Athletes in Indonesia

This research gives the description about the implementation and implementing strategy of multilateral development in sport training session on young athletes in Indonesia. This research is designed by action research approach and using action intervention such as learning package by multilateral approach. The subjects of the research are the fourth-grade students joining co-curricular program in school consisting 20 student-athletes with the program activity schedule which has been determined. The data analysis was done by describing the data collection through observation and interview from various sources. On the result description, it is elaborated that the multilateral learning model, schematic picture of multilateral learning model is a sport learning program based on multilateral development consisting the summary and the elements of basic movement and the basic sport technical movement integrally in one learning session. Development model following the normal learning flow such as: opening, essence and closing. The Multilateral Learning Model is an alternative learning strategy which can be used by physical education teachers in elementary schools to provide better solutions for the implementation of physical education as the foundation of future life development both related to physical freshness and sports mobility skills. Therefore, in adult aged, students will have readiness to live their lives, both in life leading to sporting achievements and in the life of other professions.

Autonomia e orientação esportiva no comportamento moral de atletas de rendimento

Este estudo propõe um Modelo Explicativo de Moral no esporte verificando a percepção de autonomia e sua influência no comportamento pró e antissocial nos atletas, mediados pela orientação esportiva. Foram avaliados 180 atletas da Região Sul do Brasil de ambos os sexos participantes em competições nacionais ou internacionais. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Escala de Satisfação de Necessidades Básicas no Esporte (BNSSS); Escala Multidimensional de Orientação Esportiva (MSOS); e Escala de Comportamento Pró-social e Antissocial no Esporte (PABSS). Os dados foram analisados por meio de um Modelo de Equações Estruturais. Os atletas apresentaram valores elevados de autonomia, julgamento independente, respeito às regras, convenções sociais e comportamentos pró-sociais, com baixos valores de comportamentos antissociais. O modelo de equações estruturais testado demonstra que a orientação esportiva pode ser uma variável mediadora entre a relação da autonomia e principalmente os comportamentos pró-sociais. Conclui-se que uma moral pós-convencional no esporte associada a um movimento autônomo perpassa uma orientação positiva da prática esportiva. 

Construction of the Evaluation System of Sustainable Utilization of Large Stadiums Based on the AHP Method

Large-scale sports stadiums are an important part of China’s sports stadium system and an important material basis and prerequisite for China’s basic public sports service system. This paper aims to establish the evaluation index system by exploring the utilization of large stadiums and gymnasiums under the background of sustainable development and to provide important reference for the construction and utilization of stadiums and gymnasiums in the future. Using literature methods, quantitative statistics, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and other methods, focusing on sustainable use, this study develops a postgame utilization evaluation system for large stadiums, considering the design, construction, operation, and management of the stadium. This paper identifies 5 first-level indicators, 13 second-level indicators, and 38 third-level indicators, which mainly included five aspects of comprehensive performance, service level, environmental performance, economic performance, and venue maintenance. The AHP method was used to determine the index weight coefficient, thus forming a sustainable use evaluation index system for the large stadiums. Finally, taking Bengbu Sports Center in Anhui province as an example, this paper makes an empirical analysis.

Anterior Shoulder Instability in the Professional Athlete: Return to Competition, Time to Return, and Career Length

Background:Anterior shoulder instability is a common condition in professional athletes, yet little is known about the success of surgery. Return to competition (RTC) is a metric indicative of a successful outcome for professional athletes who undergo anterior shoulder stabilization surgery.Purpose:To determine the rate of RTC, time to RTC, recurrence rate, and length of career after surgery in professional athletes who had undergone surgical treatment for anterior shoulder instability.Study Design:Case series; Level of evidence, 4.Methods:We evaluated professional athletes who underwent surgical treatment for anterior shoulder instability by a single surgeon between 2007 and 2018. Data from patients’ medical records, a patient data registry, basic search engines, sports websites, and individual team websites were used to determine length of professional play before injury, duration of career after surgery, and RTC level.Results:Overall, 23 professional athletes (25 shoulders from 12 contact and 13 noncontact athletes) were identified. The mean age at the time of surgery was 24.3 ± 4.9 years (range, 16-35 years). Primary procedures included arthroscopic Bankart repair (76%; 19/25), open Latarjet (20%; 5/25), and bony Bankart repair (4%; 1/25). Of the 23 athletes, 22 returned to their previous level of competition (96%; 95% CI, 78%-100%). The mean time between surgery and RTC was 4.5 months (range, 3-8 months). There was no difference in time to RTC between contact and noncontact athletes (4.1 vs 4.4 months). There was no difference in RTC rates and time to return for players who received a Bankart repair versus a Latarjet procedure (4.6 vs 4.2 months). A total of 12 participants were still actively engaged in their respective sport at an average of 4.3 years since surgery, while 11 athletes went on to retire at an average of 4.8 years. Duration of play after surgery was 3.8 years for contact athletes and 5.8 years for noncontact athletes (P > .05).Conclusion:In this series, professional athletes who underwent surgical shoulder stabilization for the treatment of anterior glenohumeral instability returned to their presurgical levels of competition at a high rate. No differences in RTC rate or time to RTC were observed for contact versus noncontact athletes or for those who received arthroscopic Bankart repair versus open Latarjet. However, contact athletes had shorter careers after surgery than did noncontact athletes.

골프 지도자의 코칭리더십과 자기결정적 동기의 관계

The purpose of this study was to verify the relationship among coaching style, basic psychological need, and sport motivation on golf player. In compliance with the purpose, 388 copies of data were collected utilized in study, using of convenience sampling method. To comply with the purpose, the construct validity and the reliability of measured data were verified by using of Jamovi & AMOS 18.0 program. for the relationships among the related factors were analyzed by covariance structure analysis. The results were as follows: First, for the relationship between coaching leadership and basic psychological need of golf player, coaching leadership of golf coach had positive effect on basic psychological need. Second, for the relationship between coaching leadership and sport motivation golf player, coaching leadership of golf coach had positive effect on sport motivation. Third, the relationship between basic psychological need and sport motivation of golf player, basic psychological need had positive effect on sport motivation.

Research on the Ideas and Implementation Effects of Children’s Aerobics Based on 3D Simulation Technology

Kindergarten aerobics is an important part of a child’s daily life. It is an important means to comprehensively train the child’s body, regulate emotions and uplift the spirit. Sports activities are the main content of children’s sports. Through sports activities, children’s physique can be enhanced, basic movements can be developed and good character, lively and cheerful personality, and strong will quality can be cultivated such as courage and self-confidence. In principle, the outdoor sports activities of young children should not be less than one hour in principle. The basic content of children’s sports activities are basic exercise exercises, basic aerobics exercises and sports games. This article mainly discusses the idea of creating a complete set of children’s aerobics based on 3D simulation technology.

Habitar la ciudad siendo persona Sorda

Hablar de ciudad, es hablar de la multiplicidad de formas en las cuales este espacio social es vivido, sentido y apropiado. Es por esto que estas páginas las dedicamos a las voces -y las señas- de tres personas Sordas que nos ayudarán a imaginar cómo se vive y se experimenta la ciudad desde la comunidad, la identidad y la cultura Sorda de Cali. 
 Partimos de una realidad en la cual ser ciudadanos de un mismo país, o una misma ciudad, no siempre implica tener acceso a los mismos derechos. Para muchas poblaciones, como la Comunidad Sorda, poder acceder a servicios básicos de salud, educación, transporte, deporte, o información, requiere de un largo proceso de lucha e incidencia política.
 Para dar paso a la entrevista finalizamos esta introducción aclarando que lo que se encontrará a continuación en un texto continuo que reúne por temáticas las respuestas construidas por los y las integrantes de la Asociación de Sordos de Cali (ASORCALI). La intención de presentarlo de esta forma, y no en el formato pregunta-respuesta, es resaltar o dar protagonismo a las palabras de quienes fueron entrevistados.

Improving technical fitness of race walkers on the basis of special exercises to focus on key parameters of movements

In race walking, the reliability of competitive activity, the risks of disqualification are determined by athlete's stable control of the key motion characteristics at a distance, especially in the face of fatigue. Therefore, the formation of specialized sensations in an athlete to control these movements is an important condition for sports technique improvement. Hypothesis of study: the use of special exercises to increase the analytical perception of motion key parameters will increase the effectiveness of race walking technique, control for fatigue development. Objective of study: to show the possibilities of increasing special fitness in race walking through the use of special exercises, improvement of the analytical perception of motion key parameters. Subjects and methods of study: 10 athletes aged 17-20 years and engaged in sports training for 4-6 years participated in the study. Special exercises, assessment of race walking technique (video shooting) before and after their performance within three weeks (10 sessions) were used. Results: it is shown that the targeted use of special exercises with the analysis of subjective sensations creates conditions for the activation in the athlete of specialized perceptions for the basic sports technique elements. After the use of special exercises, the increase in speed was due to an increase in the stride length - 1.14 m (S = 0.04), relative to the initial one - 1.09 m (S = 0.03) (p < 0.01). The stride length increase in athletes occurred at the expense of the length of the “rear” stride ( = 0.43 м; S = 0.02) at statistically significant differences from the initial indices. This created the prerequisites for improving athletic performance. Conclusions. Special exercises focusing on key parameters of movements contribute to increase of technical fitness of race walkers. The proposed approach creates the prerequisites for further research on the formation of the motor composition of the skill of body position accuracy, the development of sensations of free movement, inertia, liberation from excessive degrees of freedom in the parts of the body with account for the functional state of the athlete.

Role of Higher Authorities (HED and HOIs) in Uplifting of Female’s Sports at College Level

This study was designed to investigate the Higher Authorities (HED & HOIs) role with reference to the promotion of sport among female students at college level Punjab, Pakistan. The HOIs and PETs of the Government girls’ colleges in the province of Punjab was treated as population. Two type of self-develop questionnaires was used for data collection. One for HOIs and 2nd for Physical Education Teachers (PETs). The HOIs provided data about the provision of financial aid and professional development programs) by HED and PETs provided the information regarding the role of HOIs in providing basic sports facilities to the players. The cluster sample random sampling technique was used for the selection of representative sample size from the whole population. The total 160 sample was selected in which 80 were HOIs and 80 were PETs. Chi-Square and One sample t-test were applied as statistical tool to analyzed the collected data. after the application of analyses, it was pointed out that Higher Education Department (HED) provide enough financial aid to Girls Degree colleges for female sports promotion. However, with reference to the role of HOIs, it was found ineffective and unsatisfactory in connection with providing of basic facilities ( sports equipment, coaching,nutritional support, psychological training, conducting of sports & intramural classes etc) to students.

The 5-Year Outcome of the Ponseti Method in Children With Idiopathic Clubfoot and Arthrogryposis.

The Ponseti method effectively treats idiopathic clubfoot, but its effectiveness in treating the stiffer clubfoot associated with arthrogryposis is less clear. The purpose of this study was to assess the comparative effectiveness of the Ponseti method in 5-year-old children with either idiopathic clubfoot or clubfoot due to arthrogryposis. The outcomes of the Ponseti method were retrospectively evaluated in children with idiopathic clubfoot and clubfoot associated with arthrogryposis. The children with clubfoot were seen at our hospital between 2012 and 2019 and were 4.0 to 6.9 years old at the time of their evaluation. Outcomes of the 2 groups of children with clubfoot were assessed using passive range of motion, foot pressure analysis, the Gross Motor Function Measure Dimension-D, and parent report using the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument. These results were also compared with the same measures from a group of typically developing children. Surgical and bracing history was also recorded. A total of 117 children were included (89 idiopathic clubfoot and 28 associated with arthrogryposis) with an average age of 4.8±0.8 years. The historical gait analyses of 72 typically developing children were used as a control, with an average age of 5.2±0.8 years. Significant residual equinovarus was seen in both children with idiopathic clubfoot and associated with arthrogryposis according to passive range of motion and foot pressure analysis when compared with normative data. Children with arthrogryposis demonstrated limited transfer and basic mobility, sports functioning, and global functioning while children with idiopathic clubfoot were significantly different from their typically developing peers in only transfer and basic mobility. Although children with idiopathic clubfoot continue with some level of residual deformity, the Ponseti method is effective in creating a pain-free, highly functional foot. In children with clubfoot associated with arthrogryposis, the Ponseti method is successful in creating a braceable foot that can delay the need for invasive surgical intervention. Level III, Therapeutic Studies-Investigating the Results of Treatment.

Women and sports development in Japan after 2000:

In 2014, after it was decided that Japan would host the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games, discussions about utilizing sports to tackle social issues, referred to as Sport for Development and Peace (SDP), have increased. Additionally, Japanese policies on women’s participation in business have been reinforced since 2012, when the Japanese cabinet office included it as a key aspect of the nation’s growth strategy. With these trends in Japan, Japan’s Second Basic Sport Plan, established in 2017, included the first strategy for development of women and sports in Japan. Therefore, discussions of how sports can contribute to women’s participation in society have increased. While some previous research has focused on either sports policy or sports and women in general, few studies have been conducted on women and sports in Japanese policy development. Therefore, the present paper examines how the global movement for women and sports and the Japanese national growth strategy can influence women’s position in sports and the perception of gender in sports policy. The data are analyzed historically in an attempt to derive a perception of future directions in Japanese sports policy. The “Development plus sport” and “Sport plus development” models, which categorize development and sport initiatives into 2 categories, were applied in this study as an analytical framework. To understand the global women and sports movement, documents related to the UN, UNESCO, UN Women, IOC and IWG were analyzed. Official documents related to women and sports published by the Japanese government and the government budget concerning women and sports are also examined. The results indicated that the most significant improvement in the relationship between women and sports occurred when both the development and sports sectors were simultaneously interested in using sports to improve gender equality. Many of the previous Japanese sports policies had targeted only women. However, from a “Sport plus development” perspective, it is suggested that a gender and development (GAD) approach needs to be considered in sports policy development. This could result in changes to gendered division of labor, social and organizational structure, and regulation. From the “Development plus sport” perspective, compared to other countries, Japan has not actively used sports to contribute to gender equality in society. SDP projects related to gender that have already been implemented in other countries could be applied to gender issues in Japan.

Humanistic approach to professional training of future physical education teachers

In the People's Republic of China, the problem of individual approach is especially relevant in connection with national characteristics, traditions, which provide for the predominance of collective action in all types of work. In addition to basic sports, the training of future physical education teachers in the People's Republic of China should include in-depth study of the sport in which it could improve and be a high-level specialist.. Training of physical education teachers in the People's Republic of China should be based on modern concepts of individualization, which apply to all stages of training: from choosing a sport in which the student would like to improve and receive a specialty of physical education teacher with professional knowledge of a particular sport. physical education teachers in the study of the chosen sport.

Hip Arthroplasty with Increased Expectancy.

The patient's demands and expectations after total hip arthroplasty have increased significantly. In particular, the athletic function is the focus of the patient's interest, whereby not the basic sports ability is inquired, but also the achievable sports level. The benefits of increased activity with a reduction in cardiovascular mortality and the minimization of osteoporosis risk are contrasted by amplified wear followed by prosthesis loosening. Activities are categorized in low-, intermediate- and high-impact kind of sport. Patient-based influencing factors such as physical condition and expertise in his sport, as well as the self-reference of the surgeon to the desired sport influence the recommendation and advice of the patient. Innovations in prosthesis design and materials technology allow meeting patient's expectations and aiming to improve the return to sport. After total hip arthroplasty, the majority of preoperatively active patients return to athletic activity, although there is a tendency to shift from "high-impact" to "low-impact" sports. The currently recommended sports include swimming, cycling, Nordic walking, sailing, golf, hiking, dancing and cross-country skiing. A limited recommendation exists for tennis (single), alpine skiing, mountain hiking and sportive running. Not recommended are marathon, football, handball, volleyball, basketball, martial arts, high jump, water skiing and rock climbing. The recommendations are based primarily on expert opinions and are in a progressive extension including "high-impact" sports.

Basic Psychological Needs and Sports Satisfaction Among Brazilian Athletes and Coaches: The Mediating Role of the Dyadic Relationship.

Even though sport satisfaction has proved an important element for youngsters to keep practicing sports, little is known on the sport satisfaction of coaches. Moreover, the coach-athlete relationship is acknowledged as a key element for sport success, but whether its importance is the same for coaches and athletes is yet to be investigated. Our study analyzed the mediating role of the coach-athlete relationship in associating the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and sport satisfaction of Brazilian coaches and athletes. 364 coaches and athletes participated in the study representing 182 dyads from different sports according to the following instruments: Basic Needs Satisfaction Sport Scale (BNSSS), Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire, athlete and coach versions (CART-Q), and the Athletic Satisfaction Questionnaire (ASQ). Data analysis followed a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with a significance level of p < 0.05, generating results in which the mediating model for coaches was not adequately fit, while the direct model, without mediation, was adequately fit and explained 48% of sport satisfaction variance. For athletes, the mediating model has shown adequate fit and explained 81% of the sport satisfaction variance, leading us to conclude that the quality of the coach-athlete relationship can be considered a determining factor for the satisfaction of young Brazilian athletes’ basic psychological needs as well as sport satisfaction, but proved not as relevant to their coaches.

Analysis of Gait Patterns in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder After Recreational Therapy Program at Eskisehir Technical University

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of adapted recreational therapy program on gait patterns of children with autism. The current study included twenty-one autistic boys aged between 8 and 15 years. The scores of the children with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) according to the “Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-2-Turkish Version” (autism level) ranged between 62 and 123. The gait analyses of the participants were evaluated with the results of total distance, average velocity, average horizontal force and average vertical force before and after recreational therapy program. The recreational therapy program was performed throughout 12 weeks, two sessions per a week and one hour per session as the one-to-one training format. The program covered several gross motor skills such as balance, toys ball, jump, jogging to increase cardiorespiratory endurance, and several branches of the basic sports skills such as basketball, badminton, and soccer. Pearson Correlation analysis was performed in order to determine the correlation between autism level and gait parameters. A negatively significant correlation was found between autism level and average velocity (r=-.553**, p

Особливості формування біохімічних механізмів енергозабезпечення у процесі розвитку витривалості спортсменок у спортивній аеробіці

Galyna Artemyeva & Maryna Khorkova The duration of the competitive program in sports aerobics is about 1.5 minutes, during which the athlete must perform high-intensity complex coordination movements that are combined with acrobatic elements. The implementation of these exercises is necessarily subject to musical accompaniment, which sets the pace of exercise. With the athlete advanced training, the competitive program acquires changes and is saturated with more complex elements. In this regard, the trainers are constantly faced with the task of selecting exercises that would be able to solve the problem of developing the optimal level of endurance, which will allow more technically complete the given exercises. Since sports aerobics is a young sport that is gaining its development, today the basis for many years of training athletes has not yet been formed theoretically. The issues of developing endurance also remain uncertain, and it does not allow coaches to more fully build the training process of their pupils. Purpose: to find out the features of the formation of biochemical mechanisms of energy supply in the process of endurance development female athletes in sports aerobics. Materials & Methods: the study was organized on the basis of the municipal out-of-school educational institution Center for Children and Youth Creativity Dream of the city of Kryvyi Rig, which was attended by 10 female athletes 14–15 years old, at the stage of basic sports training. In the process of the experiment, the following methods were used: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature; study of documentary materials, video materials of competitions, pedagogical observation, pedagogical testing, methods of mathematical statistics. Results: presented results of a study of the features of the formation of biochemical mechanisms of energy supply in the process of development of endurance athletes in sports aerobics. Experimental data indicate that in the process of developing endurance of athletes in sports aerobics, the efficiency of the glycolytic mechanism of ATP resistance increased, and a positive effect of the proposed funds on the adaptation processes in the test organism during the transition from creatine-phosphate mechanism of energy supply to glycolytic was revealed. Conclusions: compositions in sports aerobics are marked by the complex coordination nature of the exercises, which must also be performed with great intensity and high pace throughout the competition program. Therefore, the development of such a physical quality as endurance is very important for athletes of this sport. The duration of the competitive program in sports aerobics determines the formation of the leading mechanisms of energy supply in the process of endurance development, namely: the efficiency of the glycolytic mechanism of ATP resistance, as well as adaptation processes in the body of athletes during the transition from creatine phosphate to glycolytic mechanisms, increase.

Explore the Reform of Modern University Badminton Classroom Teaching Methods

&lt;p&gt;At present, college physical education classes are gradually diversified, and badminton is one of the basic sports activities. As a basic sport, badminton has many advantages: first, the sports equipment is relatively simple, easy to carry; second, the site requirements are relatively low; third, it exercises both physical strength and eye-hand coordination; fourth, the safety factor of badminton is relatively high in many sports. While taking exercise, students can enjoy the fun and charm of sports. This paper mainly discusses the teaching methods of badminton in college classroom.&lt;/p&gt;

Preparation of bachelors in physical education to organize and conduct competitions at various levels

Introduction: competitions occupy a large share in the future activities of modern bachelors in physical culture. To organize and conduct competitions at various levels, it is necessary to acquire additional competence - the ability to organize and conduct competitions, to judge the basic sports and the chosen sport. The relevance of the study lies in the need to develop a course that provides professional training for bachelors of pedagogical education (“Physical culture” profile) for organizing and conducting competitions at various levels. Materials and methods: we used the following research methods: theoretical - analysis, synthesis, modeling, comparison; empirical - questioning, observation and testing. We conducted a survey in order to identify the relevance of the developed author's course of additional professional training “Organizing and conducting sporting events” and introducing it into the system of continuous training for bachelors in physical culture. Results: in order to master students' competence related to the organization and holding of sporting events at various levels, an additional educational program “Organizing and conducting sporting events” was developed and implemented. The purpose of the developed course is the formation of additional professional competencies that ensure the ability and readiness of students to conduct various kinds of competitions; formation of the ability to use a variety of physical culture to maintain health. Discussion and Conclusions: the results of the study revealed the urgent need to expand the professional field of the future graduate in physical culture. A survey among the future bachelors in physical culture showed the need for the implementation of an additional course “Organization and holding of sport events”. To ensure the formation of additional professional competencies of graduates and future professionals in the field of competition to a new level, it is necessary to introduce into the educational process the author's course “Organization and holding of sport events”.

The Difficulties and Countermeasures of the Construction of Campus Sports Culture in Multi-campus Colleges and Universities

The imbalance of the construction of sports culture in multi-campus campuses in colleges and universities seriously restricts the efficiency of physical education. In order to combine the actual situation of college sports culture construction, a new model of campus communication culture “communication-integration-reconstruction” should be formulated. Gradually improve and balance the basic sports and cultural facilities of different campuses, thus reflecting the unity and commonality of the sports culture construction of colleges and universities. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of different campuses, and highlighting the diversification and innovation of campus sports culture construction. The integration and reconstruction of campus sports culture construction in multi-campus campuses can be considered from different aspects. This paper mainly analyzes the dilemma of campus sports culture construction in multi-campus campuses, and puts forward suggestions and countermeasures in combination with innovative ideas.

Сутність феномену «тренер-викладач» та особливості його професійної підготовки

The article has demonstrated that in the current context of education reform, the problem of training coach-teachers contains a number of issues that need to be addressed or clarified. The essence of the key concept of „a coach-teacher” has been revealed. The analysis of the scientific and pedagogical sources concerning the phenomenon under study has been made. This has allowed stating that training coach-teachers is the goal of the sports and teachers’ training education and the undeniable task of the faculties and institutes of physical education and sports. The specifics of training a coach-teacher in higher education institutions have been revealed. These consist in the fact that before entering a higher education institution such young students have a number of pre-vocational trainings, unlike their peers who choose other professions. The basis of the activity of a coach-teacher has been outlined, which consists of a number of abilities, the most important being the pedagogical ones. The combination of professional theoretical and practical skills and personal abilities determine a modern specialist of physical education and sports. The concept of training a future coach-teacher in higher education institutions has been analyzed, the features of the sports and pedagogical education have been characterised and specified. First, in the process of professional training of such a specialist the combination of the sports and teachers’ training education is provided. Secondly, a component of the qualification of a coach-teacher is the psychological and pedagogical training, the result of which is the corresponding competences and personal qualities. Thirdly, a coach-teacher should have basic sports training.