Basic Space Research Articles

ЗЕМЛЯ ЯК ОБ'ЄКТ ПРАВА: ЗАГАЛЬНА ТЕОРЕТИКО-ПРАВОВА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА

The article reveals the relevance of the research topic, taking into account such factors that affect the mechanism of legal regulation of land relations, such as the composition of Ukrainian lands, the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine, the influence of the object of land relations on their occurrence. We emphasize that the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine, including had a negative impact on the regulation of land relations in general and the legal regime of certain categories of land (in particular, temporarily occupied territories, land contaminated by chemical substances from explosions, oil products, unexploded ammunition and mines, etc.), which in turn also requires thorough scientific research of land legal relations and their separate elements, in particular the object of land relations. The study of the general theoretical and legal characteristics of land as an object of law is based on philosophical and general legal approaches to understanding the concepts of "object", "object of law" and "object of legal relations", the theory of legal schools, legal traditions of land law, normative and legal approaches of individual countries of the post-Soviet space. It is emphasized that the land belongs to the category of "general object of land relations" regardless of its purpose, category and form of ownership. It is substantiated that land is a component and product of nature; property with a special legal status; universal, complex, valuable, immovable and space-limited object of production; the basic space for the functioning of the state and people's lives. Land acts as an element of ecological, social and economic component of social relations. Such specific features of land as an object of legal relations determine a special regime of its legal regulation. It is emphasized that land as an object of legal relations is often considered as a complex legal phenomenon, which includes such elements as "land plot" and "individually determined land share (share)". Land legislative practice is distinguished by the division of land into separate categories depending on the characteristic features and properties of each category. This division of land into categories depending on geological and climatic conditions is noted in the legislation of a number of countries (for example, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Georgia, etc.) and forms special legal regimes for each category. It was noted that the prospects for further exploration in this direction are the following aspects: determination of the legal status of the lands that are under the temporary occupation of the Russian Federation; change of land category due to contamination by chemical substances from explosions, oil products, unexploded ordnance and land mining; holding the Russian Federation and its representatives accountable for ecocrimes and compensating material damages caused to the environment and land owners; formation and implementation of soil restoration programs, etc.

Design and construction of the magnetic perturbation magnets of the space plasma environment research facility for simulating the geomagnetic storm on the ground

Geomagnetic storm in the magnetosphere of the earth is significant in understanding the basic space plasma processes such as wave-particle interaction and predicting the space weather related to the human activity. Due to defects involved in the space observation and theoretical modeling, it is urgent to investigate it in the laboratory based on a simulation facility. To that end, two circular magnetic perturbation magnets are proposed in the SPERF (Space Plasma Environment Research Facility) to generate the magnetic disturbances with different characteristic times for studying the response of the inner magnetosphere to the geomagnetic storm. The paper focuses on the engineering design and construction of the magnets. The scaling relation for geomagnetic storm simulation is presented, serving as the design requirement of the magnets. Then, starting with giving the designed parameters of the magnets satisfying the requirement and analyzing the crucial issues facing their engineering design, the design results, manufacturing procedure, and test results are presented, with emphasize on the measures to improve the insulation, vacuum degree, and plasma quality. Then, mechanical analyses are done to evaluate the strength of the supporting mechanism of the magnets under the magnetic force and torque caused by the possible deviation from the concentricity with the dipole magnet. Afterwards, a connection scheme is designed to make the coaxial cables connecting to the magnet's leads go through the vacuum vessel considering the constraints of the magnetic-force impact, thermal burden, and motion requirement. One of the magnetic perturbation magnets has been installed in the SPERF, and is now being tested combined with the pulsed power supply.

On the inf-sup stability of Crouzeix-Raviart Stokes elements in 3D

We consider discretizations of the stationary Stokes equation in three spatial dimensions by non-conforming Crouzeix-Raviart elements. The original definition in the seminal paper by M. Crouzeix and P.-A. Raviart in 1973 [Rev. Française Automat. Informat. Recherche Opérationnelle Sér. Rouge 7 (1973), pp. 33–75] is implicit and also contains substantial freedom for a concrete choice. In this paper, we introduce basic Crouzeix-Raviart spaces in 3D in analogy to the 2D case in a fully explicit way. We prove that this basic Crouzeix-Raviart element for the Stokes equation is inf-sup stable for polynomial degree k = 2 k=2 (quadratic velocity approximation). We identify spurious pressure modes for the conforming ( k , k − 1 ) \left ( k,k-1\right ) 3D Stokes element and show that these are eliminated by using the basic Crouzeix-Raviart space.

Research on the Development Potential of China’s Pro-Poor Tourism Industry Based on Geographical Nature Evaluation

China has made considerable achievements in poverty alleviation and reduction, and pro-poor tourism is an important part of its poverty alleviation policy. To prevent policy investments from idling and becoming wasted, and to prevent poverty from returning to previously poverty-stricken areas, it is helpful to improve the continuity and adaptability of pro-poor tourism policies by assessing differentiated geographical capital. This study is based on the fundamentals of geographical nature: it divides geographical capital into resource endowments, market location, and spatial accessibility; tests the state of the three types of geographical capital by introducing Newton’s basic space gravity model; and comprehensively evaluates the tourism industry’s potential to develop. In addition, it uses data on China’s 560 pro-poor tourism villages for empirical research, and concludes that most of the pro-poor tourism villages show some potential for tourism development along with distinctive features of regional concentration. However, they are also restricted by many factors and require prolonged exploration and cultivation. China’s pro-poor tourism villages are mainly divided into three types: market, resource, and location advantage. The market advantage type should foster tourism product cultivation on the basis of market needs, deepen tourism product innovation, integrate with the industry chain of surrounding pro-poor villages, and form a regional clustering force. The resource advantage type should value market fragmentation and positioning, match the market positioning of surrounding tourism cities, utilize the marketing of surrounding tourism cities, and improve its own market popularity and reputation. The location advantage type may position itself as a tourism industry hub, and serve the surrounding scenic spots in order to achieve its own industry value. This study mainly analyzes and evaluates the development potential of the tourism poverty alleviation industry on the basis of geographical capital, and does this with the aim of improving the applicability of the tourism poverty alleviation industry’s pro-poor development strategy.

Adaptive flight control system for flight safety improvement in reentry and other high-velocity vehicles

An adaptive controller and a nonlinear rate limiter are presented in order to improve the flight safety of manually controlled reentry vehicles and supersonic transport (SST) aircraft. The adaptive controller is based on the principle of dynamic inversion. The calculation of the controller parameters corresponding to the aerodynamic coefficients of the vehicle was carried out by a proposed online identification procedure. The effectiveness of the adaptive controller was tested through a set of experiments performed using a ground-based simulator. The obtained results were used to estimate the probability of an accident due to pilot error for the basic Space Shuttle flight control system and for its improved version with the adaptive controller. It was found that using the adaptive controller causes high required rates of elevon deflection. Because of the actuator's rate limiting, this is a source of pilot-induced oscillations. To counteract these oscillations in the pilot-vehicle closed loop system, an adaptive nonlinear rate limiter is introduced. The effectiveness of using the adaptive prefilter for improving the flight safety and flying qualities of the Space Shuttle reentry vehicle and an SST was demonstrated in experiments involving a ground-based simulator.

Challenges and Prospects for Introducing Space Technology into the Services Market

This article is devoted to the research of the space technology services market in the world and in Ukraine, the searching of problems of the market development and directions of their solution. The relevance of the research is, determined by the lack of scientific research in the field of space technology development in conditions of lack of financial resources and post-war economic recovery. The purpose of the study is to identify key areas of space technology development as a means of solving the problems of the Ukrainian market of space services. The study uses general scientific methods of knowledge, in particular, a critical analysis of the scientific and expert literature, systematized information in order to determine the problems of the industry, the methods of comparison and deductive methods to find solutions to the problems. As a result, The classification of basic space technology at the service market is defined; The main trends of the space technology market are defined; The main services in demand at the market are, shown, among which the importance of satellite technology, available to both businesses and the population of Ukraine is, highlighted. The paper argues that Ukraine has significant potential for the implementation of space technology; in particular, it emphasizes that it is formed not only by historical preconditions and established in Soviet, times technical and technological capabilities, but also modern developments of entrepreneurs. The key place in the study is, taken by the definition of modern problems of space technology development and the prospects for their implementation in the services market. The main problems are the weak economic and political situation in the country, insufficient financial basis and lack of incentives for the private sector in the sphere of space technologies. The practical value of the study consists of recommendations for the development of space technology in Ukraine that can be, used in the construction of national strategies for space technology.

Study on coupling coordination of the human settlement environment and tourism industry in the yellow river basin

The human settlement environment is the basic space where people live, produce and live. The tourism industry is one of the industries closest to the development goal of the human settlement environment. The coordinated development of the human settlement environment and the tourism industry provides vital support for high-quality sustainable development in the region, but the related research is relatively insufficient. Based on the panel data from 2010 to 2019, this study takes the Yellow Basin as the research object, using comprehensive evaluation, coupling degree, and coupling coordination models. The study aims to comprehensively measure the development level of the human settlement environment and tourism industry in nine provinces of the Yellow River Basin and analyzes the spatio-temporal differentiation characteristics of the coupling coordination between the human settlement environment and tourism industry in the Yellow River Basin. The results demonstrate an interactive coupling relationship between the human settlement environment and the tourism industry. We observe an upward fluctuation in the development level of the two systems in the Yellow River Basin and converging development trends between the two; however, the tourism industry in the region is far behind in driving the construction of the human settlement environment. Regarding the spatial and temporal evolution of the coupling coordination of the two systems, in the time dimension, the coupling degree of the nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin was relatively stable from 2010 to 2019 and maintained a high level. The coupling coordination degree was on the rise, evolving from near-disorder to elementary coordination. The two systems in the Basin still showed a pattern of “high coupling-low coordination.” Nevertheless, in the spatial dimension, the coupling and coupling coordination degrees of the two systems in the Yellow River Basin showed an unbalanced development pattern of “high in the southeast and low in the northwest.” The regions with a low coordination level demonstrated that the development of the tourism industry lags behind in the construction of the human settlement environment. Findings in this study provide references for increasing the resonance between the human settlement environment and the tourism industry and promoting the overall coordinated, balanced and sustainable development of the Yellow River Basin.

Substance use and homelessness: A longitudinal interview study conducted during COVID-19 with implications for policy and practice.

People who are homeless and using substances frequently encounter barriers to accessing support. This paper aims to inform policy and practice by analysing changes in the tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug use of people experiencing homelessness. Data derive from a qualitative longitudinal study (undertaken 2020/2021) and involving telephone interviews (n=310) conducted with 34 people accommodated in two London hotels provided as part of a UK policy response to COVID-19. The hotels offered various supports, including opioid replacement therapy, prescribed alcohol, licensed nicotine replacement therapy, and e-cigarettes. Participants' substance use data were organised by Iterative Categorization and subjected to a content analysis to identify patterns and themes.. At entry to the hotel, 5/34 participants (14.7%) had never used alcohol nor illicit drugs; 10/34 (29.4%) had only ever used alcohol (mostly without a problem); 11/34 (32.4%) had ever used illicit drugs but without a problem; and 8/34 (23.5%) had ever had a problem with illicit drugs. Sub-groups had different socio-demographic characteristics, particularly regarding being/not being a UK national, sex, and homelessness duration. Tobacco smoking was common across all sub-groups (18/34; 52.9%). Participants were often anxious about living with others who were using substances, and some worried about their own substance use. Substance use was changeable, with more decreases than increases. Changes related to intrapersonal (psychological), interpersonal (social) and structural (resource-based) factors. For example, decreases were precipitated by people feeling motivated to change, separation from others who used drugs, and receiving treatment or support. Findings indicate that various interventions and accommodation models may benefit people who are homeless and using substances. An initiative that combined shelter and basic amenities, pharmacological treatment, psychosocial support, and space where substances were not available and other people using substances could be avoided resulted in an overall reduction in substance use amongst those accommodated.

Hybrid Feature Selection of Breast Cancer Gene Expression Microarray Data Based on Metaheuristic Methods: A Comprehensive Review

Breast cancer (BC) remains the most dominant cancer among women worldwide. Numerous BC gene expression microarray-based studies have been employed in cancer classification and prognosis. The availability of gene expression microarray data together with advanced classification methods has enabled accurate and precise classification. Nevertheless, the microarray datasets suffer from a large number of gene expression levels, limited sample size, and irrelevant features. Additionally, datasets are often asymmetrical, where the number of samples from different classes is not balanced. These limitations make it difficult to determine the actual features that contribute to the existence of cancer classification in the gene expression profiles. Various accurate feature selection methods exist, and they are being widely applied. The objective of feature selection is to search for a relevant, discriminant feature subset from the basic feature space. In this review, we aim to compile and review the latest hybrid feature selection methods based on bio-inspired metaheuristic methods and wrapper methods for the classification of BC and other types of cancer.

Cascade Structural Sizing Optimization with Large Numbers of Design Variables

In structural sizing optimization problems, the number of design variables typically used is relatively small. The aim of this work is to facilitate the use of large numbers of design variables in such problems, in order to enrich the set of available design options and offer the potential of achieving lower-cost optimal designs. For this purpose, the concept of cascading is employed, which allows an optimization problem to be tackled in a number of successive autonomous optimization stages. In this context, several design variable configurations are constructed, in order to utilize a different configuration at each cascade sizing optimization stage. Each new cascade stage is coupled with the previous one by initializing the new stage using the finally attained optimum design of the previous one. The first optimization stages of the cascade procedure make use of the coarsest configurations with small numbers of design variables and serve the purpose of basic design space exploration. The last stages exploit finer configurations with larger numbers of design variables and aim at fine-tuning the achieved optimal solution. The effectiveness of this sizing optimization approach is assessed using real-world aerospace and civil engineering design problems. Based on the numerical results reported herein, the proposed cascade optimization approach proves to be an effective tool for handling large numbers of design variables and the corresponding extensive design spaces in the framework of structural sizing optimization applications.

Wonderful asymptotics of matrix coefficient D-modules

Beilinson–Bernstein localization realizes representations of complex reductive Lie algebras as monodromic D-modules on the “basic affine space” G/N, a torus bundle over the flag variety. A doubled version of the same space appears as the horocycle space describing the geometry of the reductive group G at infinity, near the closed stratum of the wonderful compactification G‾, or equivalently in the special fiber of the Vinberg semigroup of G. We show that Beilinson–Bernstein localization for Ug-bimodules arises naturally as the specialization at infinity in G‾ of the D-modules on G describing matrix coefficients of Lie algebra representations. More generally, the asymptotics of matrix coefficient D-modules along any stratum of G‾ are given by the matrix coefficient D-modules for parabolic restrictions. This provides a simple algebraic derivation of the relation between growth of matrix coefficients of admissible representations and n-homology. The result is an elementary consequence of the compatibility of localization with the degeneration of affine G-varieties to their asymptotic cones; analogous results hold for the asymptotics of the equations describing spherical functions on symmetric spaces.

The Space Objects Re-Entry – Status and Challenges of International Regulatory Framework

The basis of the international space regulatory framework relied on the United Nations Outer Space Treaty 1967. The purpose of the paper is to present and assess the current regulatory and legal framework with regards to space security re-entry risks. The particular regulation related to space debris and re-entry may be inferred from the basic international space law (UN space treaties). As surviving fragments originating from a particular space object (usually linked to the owner) may endanger people on the ground or operating aircraft, they are directly linked to the Liability Convention 1971. Therefore nations, international intergovernmental organizations, executive agencies, and non-governmental entities maintain their efforts to create and implement hard and soft laws. Those regulations concern the space environment and its challenges, such as the proliferation of space debris, the increasing activity of space operations, the emergence of mega constellations, and its effects on re-entry characteristics. The entire material included in this article comes from dedicated conferences and seminars about Space security and policy, legal documenttation, and literature review, which refer to re-entry in this subject. The research methods used in this article have comparative and analytical nature – based of the different sources of legislation.

Neuromorphic computing chip with spatiotemporal elasticity for multi-intelligent-tasking robots.

Recent advances in artificial intelligence have enhanced the abilities of mobile robots in dealing with complex and dynamic scenarios. However, to enable computationally intensive algorithms to be executed locally in multitask robots with low latency and high efficiency, innovations in computing hardware are required. Here, we report TianjicX, a neuromorphic computing hardware that can support true concurrent execution of multiple cross-computing-paradigm neural network (NN) models with various coordination manners for robotics. With spatiotemporal elasticity, TianjicX can support adaptive allocation of computing resources and scheduling of execution time for each task. Key to this approach is a high-level model, "Rivulet," which bridges the gap between robotic-level requirements and hardware implementations. It abstracts the execution of NN tasks through distribution of static data and streaming of dynamic data to form the basic activity context, adopts time and space slices to achieve elastic resource allocation for each activity, and performs configurable hybrid synchronous-asynchronous grouping. Thereby, Rivulet is capable of supporting independent and interactive execution. Building on Rivulet with hardware design for realizing spatiotemporal elasticity, a 28-nanometer TianjicX neuromorphic chip with event-driven, high parallelism, low latency, and low power was developed. Using a single TianjicX chip and a specially developed compiler stack, we built a multi-intelligent-tasking mobile robot, Tianjicat, to perform a cat-and-mouse game. Multiple tasks, including sound recognition and tracking, object recognition, obstacle avoidance, and decision-making, can be concurrently executed. Compared with NVIDIA Jetson TX2, latency is substantially reduced by 79.09 times, and dynamic power is reduced by 50.66%.

Visual Fatigue Phenomenon in Visual Communication Design Integrating Artificial Intelligence

In the process of cognition, people focus on self-feeling and realize the cognition of the world by judging the information conveyed by vision. Design changes lives, and our lives are always surrounded by design. This research mainly discusses the phenomenon of visual fatigue in visual communication design integrated with artificial intelligence. The article first analyzes the characteristics of optical illusion art. Taking typical works as an example, it expounds the application of optical illusion in modern design and the influence of optical illusion on design works. At the same time, it combines the basic principles of optical illusions to find out the elements and types of optical illusions, as well as various optical illusions that exist in life. This research uses artificial intelligence technology to efficiently create visual design, providing a basic space for higher quality design output. The proportion of subjects who could find the location of the inserted content was 66.7%. This study helps to better emphasize the visual design effect and link visual fatigue. The article starts from three aspects: web page, mobile phone, and traditional media. It analyzes the phenomenon of visual fatigue in modern visual communication design. While giving solutions, it also puts forward the dialectical concept of the balance between visual comfort and design.

Dual space vector PWM technique for a three-phase to five-phase quasi Z-source direct matrix converter

ABSTRACT This article proposes a dual space vector PWM control technique for a three-phase to five-phase quasi Z-source direct matrix converter (QZSDMC). The proposed circuit consists of a quasi-impedance source network along with a five-phase traditional matrix converter. With the observation of bidirectional operating capability and the utilization of shoot-through duty ratio, the proposed converter can ensure both buck and boost operations. This converter overcomes the voltage transfer ratio restriction and poor voltage regulation of the traditional matrix converter. Also, this converter ensures continuous input current with an absence of input LC filter components. The proposed direct AC to AC power converter gives an alternate solution to the multiphase drive system instead of the traditional voltage source inverter. The developed dual space vector PWM control technique for three-phase to five-phase voltage conversion is derived from the basic space vector PWM approach. The proposed dual space vector PWM technique utilizes 90 active states and 3 zero vector states among 243 switching states. The QZSDMC has been analysed with a dual space vector PWM approach along with the distribution of shoot-through state in the zero vector. The proposed topology along with the control strategy has been simulated using MATLAB/Simulink environment.

Changing the Trajectory of Heart Failure and Kidney Disease: A Call for Action.

Changing the Trajectory of Heart Failure and Kidney Disease: A Call for Action.

Asymptotically autonomous dynamics for non-autonomous stochastic 2D g-Navier–Stokes equation in regular spaces

This work is a continuation of our previous work [Li et al., Commun. Pure Appl. Anal. 19, 3137 (2020)] on the regular backward compact random attractor. We prove that under certain conditions, the components of the random attractor of a non-autonomous dynamical system can converge in time to those of the random attractor of the limiting autonomous dynamical system in more regular spaces rather than the basic phase space. As an application of the abstract theory, we show that the backward compact random attractors [∪s≤τA(s,ω) is precompact for each τ∈R] for the non-autonomous stochastic g-Navier–Stokes (g-NS) equation is backward asymptotically autonomous to a random attractor of the autonomous g-NS equation under the topology of H0,g1(O)2.

Application of CAD in Landscape Grid Space Design and Drawing.

CAD technology has brought great convenience and effect to the design. This paper proposes to update the comparative analysis of the basic classical landscape grid space structure by constructing a landscape grid space design. According to the actual situation of domestic landscape grid space design and drawing, this paper highlights the role of CAD technology in landscape grid space design and drawing and provides an important basis for the subsequent application of CAD software in landscape grid space design.

The Theory and Method of Data Acquisition of Mixed Traffic Popular People and Nonmotor Vehicles Based on Image Processing

In road mixed traffic, pedestrians and nonmotor vehicles have a great impact on the driving of motor vehicles. This kind of influence not only threatens the road traffic safety but also leads to the increase of delay and the decrease of traffic capacity. The purpose of this paper is to study the theory and method of data acquisition of mixed traffic popular people and nonmotor vehicles based on image processing technology. Aiming at the problem that the basic state space model solves the phenomenon of “failure” such as mutual interference between mixed objects, this paper proposes a KF tracking model based on a fuzzy matching method to realize the effective and accurate tracking of mixed traffic objects. The experimental results show that, after extracting the morphological features of the detected pedestrian and nonmotor vehicle images and using the method of pattern recognition to classify, recognize, and count the mixed traffic objects, through the comparison of the two trajectory lines, we can see that the tracking accuracy of the algorithm is high under the mutual interference of pedestrian and nonmotor vehicle. Excluding the detection error, the pedestrian tracking error is less than 10 pixels, the average error is 2.366 pixels, the maximum error of nonmotor vehicle tracking is 19 pixels, and the average error is 2.5 pixels.

Channel Propagation Characteristics on the Performance of 4G Cellular Systems from High Altitude Platforms (HAPs)

In this paper, we investigated the effect of different channel propagation characteristics on the performance of 4G systems from high altitude platforms (HAPs). The use of High-Altitude Platforms for communication purpose in the past focused mostly on the assumption that the platform is quasi stationary. The technical limitation of the assumption was that of ensuring stability in the positioning of the platform in space. The use of antenna steering and other approaches were proposed as a solution to the said problem. In this paper, we proposed a channel model which account for the motion of the platform. This was done by investigating the effect of Doppler shift on the carrier frequency as the signals propagate between the transmitter and receiver while the High-Altitude Platform is in motion. The basic free space model was used and subjected to the frequency variation caused by the continuous random shift due to the motion of the HAPs. The trajectory path greatly affects the system performance. A trajectory of 30km, 100km and 500km radii were simulated. An acute elevation angle was used in the simulation. The proposed model was also compared to two other channel models to illustrate its performance. The results show that the proposed model behave similar to the existing models except at base station ID 35 and 45 where the highest deviation of 20dBm was observed. Other stations that deviated were less than 2dBm.