Basic Space Research Articles

Introduction of Space Science in Higher Education: Space Science in BSc Engineering

Space science is a fascinating and powerful field in which our country has now become an important part. From an educational point of view, several universities now offer some kind of specialised training in space science, and there are already master's degrees in space engineering. Under the UniSpace programme, 17 Hungarian universities are cooperating to offer advanced training in space science at four universities. However, at bachelor's level, a prospective engineer is unlikely to encounter a subject related to space science outside of basic physics, or it may only be offered in a few specialised programs. Future professionals should be introduced to this discipline as soon as possible. This is why universities should consider offering undergraduate-level space science courses, to better prepare students interested in pursuing careers in this field. The Széchenyi István University of Győr has already taken several steps to promote space technologies, including the SZESAT student group, where students can work on space telecommunications, the Mobilis summer children's camps, where SZESAT gives lectures on the topic every year, and the University of Győr is also a member of the UniSpace Hungary consortium. The study seeks to answer two questions: first, how interested students are in a similar subject that introduces them to space science and the basic space technology opportunities. The second is what majors are interested in the new subject, and which segments of the discipline might be the most interesting to them. In addition to the two main orientations, another important consideration is how students might integrate it into their studies and what prior learning would be required to start such a new subject.

Hybrid Kinetic Modeling of the Magnetosheath Impulsive Plasma Cloud Penetration Through the Magnetopause and Comparison With MMS and Other Spacecraft Observations

AbstractThis research examines the plasma processes under penetration of the plasma clouds (plasmoids) across the magnetopause which is modeled as a tangential discontinuity (TD). Cases with the parallel magnetic field in both sides out of the TD are under investigation. Plasma parameters and magnetic field were chosen from the MMS mission and other spacecraft observations. The results are important for understanding the following basic space plasma physics problems: (a) plasma cloud deformation and strong phase mixing with magnetospheric plasma; (b) the transfer of mass, momentum and energy of magnetosheath and magnetic cloud plasma into magnetospheric plasmas; (c) necessary conditions for plasma cloud penetration via the magnetopause; (d) wave generation by plasma clouds inside the magnetopause.

Proof of the Ginzburg-Kazhdan conjecture

We prove that the affine closure of the cotangent bundle of the basic affine space of a reductive group has conical symplectic singularities, which confirms a conjecture of Ginzburg and Kazhdan. We also show that this variety is Q-factorial and has terminal singularities.

Symplectic Fourier–Deligne Transforms on G/U and the Algebra of Braids and Ties

Abstract We explicitly identify the algebra generated by symplectic Fourier–Deligne transforms (i.e., convolution with Kazhdan–Laumon sheaves) acting on the Grothendieck group of perverse sheaves on the basic affine space $G/U$, answering a question originally raised by A. Polishchuk. We show it is isomorphic to a distinguished subalgebra, studied by I. Marin, of the generalized algebra of braids and ties (defined in Type $A$ by F. Aicardi and J. Juyumaya and generalized to all types by Marin), providing a connection between geometric representation theory and an algebra defined in the context of knot theory. Our geometric interpretation of this algebra entails some algebraic consequences: we obtain a short and type-independent geometric proof of the braid relations for Juyumaya’s generators of the Yokonuma–Hecke algebra (previously proved case-by-case in types $A, D, E$ by Juyumaya and separately for types $B, C, F_{4}, G_{2}$ by Juyumaya and S. S. Kannan), a natural candidate for an analogue of a Kazhdan–Lusztig basis, and finally an explicit formula for the dimension of Marin’s algebra in Type $A_{n}$ (previously only known for $n \leq 4$).

Upgrading the Performance Features of the CBSS Indigenous Weather Station

This work presents an upgrade on the legacy version of the Centre for Basic Space Science (CBSS) indigenous Weather Station. The station is a microcontroller-based system that employed the use of sensor modules to acquire atmospheric, environmental and soil parameters values for scientific purpose. These data variables, station’s coordinate and owner’s informations are logged into an on-board Random Access Memory (RAM) in a Comma-Separated Value (CSV) format. The information is transmittable via radio telemetry setup to a handheld user-interactive communication console sub-system. In the event of components’ failure, the system offers precise identification of these failed components for ease of troubleshooting and maintenance.

Automated AI-based grading of neuroendocrine tumors using Ki-67 proliferation index: comparative evaluation and performance analysis.

Early detection is critical for successfully diagnosing cancer, and timely analysis of diagnostic tests is increasingly important. In the context of neuroendocrine tumors, the Ki-67 proliferation index serves as a fundamental biomarker, aiding pathologists in grading and diagnosing these tumors based on histopathological images. The appropriate treatment plan for the patient is determined based on the tumor grade. An artificial intelligence-based method is proposed to aid pathologists in the automated calculation and grading of the Ki-67 proliferation index. The proposed system first performs preprocessing to enhance image quality. Then, segmentation process is performed using the U-Net architecture, which is a deep learning algorithm, to separate the nuclei from the background. The identified nuclei are then evaluated as Ki-67 positive or negative based on basic color space information and other features. The Ki-67 proliferation index is then calculated, and the neuroendocrine tumor is graded accordingly. The proposed system's performance was evaluated on a dataset obtained from the Department of Pathology at Meram Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Necmettin Erbakan University. The results of the pathologist and the proposed system were compared, and the proposed system was found to have an accuracy of 95% in tumor grading when compared to the pathologist's report.

Secure Data Transfer using Video Steganography

Steganography, a wellestablished practice of covering messages inside standard ones, has found restored significance in the mechanized age, encompassing various mediums like pictures, message, sound, and dynamically, accounts. With the climb of mechanized video correspondence worked with by open taking care of programming, video steganography has emerged as a basic space, wanting to embed data cryptically while staying aware of video quality. This study presents a sharp video steganography plot that unequivocally embeds limited data inside moving things perceived through object recognizable proof, utilizing focus repeat sub-gatherings to safeguard visual decency. Through quantitative and emotional evaluations, the proposed plot shows predominant execution to the extent that intangibility and strength against disturbance attacks, outflanking existing methodologies. Likewise, a flexible steganography approach custom fitted for HEVC accounts is proposed to direct bitrate addition and mutilation storing up. This approach utilizes thought net and PU fragment modes, close by Issue Cross section Code (STC) steganography coding and convolutional cerebrum associations, to overhaul the visual quality and bitrate execution. Preliminary outcomes confirm the feasibility of the proposed computation, showing better perceptual quality through cutting-edgeg-edge strategies. In the end, careful testing against steganalysis techniques upholds the security of the proposed contrive, featuring its significance in working with covert correspondence and security affirmation in electronic video settings

Application of 3D liDAR in transmission line modeling

Aiming at the problem that the traditional measurement method cannot accurately obtain the line and equipment-related parameters and the line channel-related environmental parameters in the transmission line 3D modeling. In this paper, 3d liDAR technology is used to collect basic information and scan the 3d space of the power transmission line, and then the 3d model of the power transmission line is built. Conduct a three-dimensional modeling analysis using a transmission line in a certain area of Guangxi as a sample. The results show that the proposed method can accurately obtain the parameters of transmission lines and the terrain and topography of each tower, fully demonstrating the feasibility and reliability of 3D LiDAR in transmission line modeling.

Kebitaraan Rupa Bentuk dan Perancangan Susun Atur Ruang Rumah Warisan Melayu dari Sudut Pandang Orientalis Abad Ke-19

The architecture of Malay heritage houses is a manifestation of the greatness and wisdom of Malays in the past in building and creating their places of abode. The subtle philosophy, beliefs and rituals behind the erection process, in addition to the design features of the dwelling structures that are responsive and adaptive to the local tropical climate which creates thermal comfort and passive cooling within the interior spaces of the house. These unique elements and features have been regularly highlighted in various scientific studies on Malay heritage architecture by both local and foreign researchers and academics since the 1980s till today. Nonetheless, writings and records through studies and observations by European orientalists dating back to as early as the 19th century have long acknowledged the architectural marvel of the humble Malay heritage house. However, these early records are rarely highlighted and referred to today. The aim of this study is to gather these statements acknowledging the uniqueness and excellence of Malay heritage house architecture and comparing them with (i) the writings of modern-day researchers and (ii) interviews with several expert figures/ academics in the field of Malay heritage architecture conservation. This study will also analyze the importance and effectiveness of the basic space layout planning found in Malay heritage houses. The findings of the study suggests that the views and statements of 19th century orientalists in comparison to modernday researchers both acknowledge and share the same opinion and facts regarding the uniqueness and excellence of Malay heritage house architecture.

Residential Space Organization of the Inner Mongolia Earth Dwellings around the Yellow River Basin

The living spaces within vernacular dwellings undergo continuous adjustments in response to evolving lifestyles, society, and cultural shifts. Residents, guided by their understanding, integrate newly emerging functional spaces within the framework of traditional living environments. While appearing rough and A disorganized, this spontaneous and evolving arrangement of living spaces can reflect how residents incorporate contemporary lifestyles into the framework of traditional dwelling spaces. The research focuses on the traditional earth dwellings in the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River basin, aiming to explore the contemporary spatial organization within these local residences. The research uses typology to classify the plans and analysis as the spatial syntax theory to organizational characteristics of residential spaces. With the assistance of the Depthmap X software, Integration and Control Value parameters are computed. Combining the calculated results with the parameters’ meaning determines the following: (1) the plan organization is related to basic functional space types; (2) the stove, used for heating in functional spaces, serves as the center of the plan organization, and the basic functional spaces are typically arranged around this center; (3) both of these space types have extremely high Control Values over directly adjacent spaces and become the core spaces for daily living and activities. Researching the characteristics of local residential space organization and concretely showcasing local residential culture can provide a foundation for future construction that respects residents’ preferences and supports the sustainable development of local residential culture.

Fried v2: a new grid of mass-loss rates for externally irradiated protoplanetary discs

ABSTRACT We present a new fried grid of mass-loss rates for externally far-ultraviolet (FUV) irradiated protoplanetary discs. As a precursor to the new grid, we also explore the microphysics of external photoevaporation, determining the impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) abundance, metallicity, coolant depletion (via freeze out and radial drift), and grain growth (depletion of small dust in the outer disc) on disc mass-loss rates. We find that metallicity variations typically have a small effect on the mass-loss rate, since the impact of changes in heating, cooling and optical depth to the disc approximately cancel out. The new fried grid therefore focuses on (i) expanding the basic physical parameter space (disc mass, radius, UV field, stellar mass), (ii) on enabling variation of the the PAH abundance, and (iii) including an option for grain growth to have occurred or not in the disc. What we suggest is the fiducial model is comparable to the original fried grid. When the PAH-to-dust ratio is lower, or the dust in the wind more abundant, the mass-loss rate can be substantially lower. We demonstrate with a small set of illustrative disc evolutionary calculations that this in turn can have a significant impact on the disc mass/radius/ evolution and lifetime.

Work engagement and associated factors among healthcare professionals in the post-pandemic era: a cross-sectional study.

With the shift of strategy in fighting COVID-19, the post-pandemic era is approaching. However, the "hard times" for healthcare systems worldwide are not yet ending. Healthcare professionals suffer negative impacts caused by the epidemic, which may seriously threaten their work motivation, concentration, and patient safety. Investigating the status and factors associated with Chinese healthcare professionals' work engagement in the post-pandemic era. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate healthcare professionals from 10 hospitals in Hunan Province. Data were collected using demographic characteristics, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2, Patient Heath Qstionaire-2, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, Work-Related Basic Need Satisfaction Scale, National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Task Load Index, and self-compassion scale. Descriptive and multiple linear regression analyses explored the factors associated with work engagement. A total of 1,037 eligible healthcare professionals participated in this study, including 46.4% of physicians, 47.8% of nurses, and 5.8% of others. The total mean score of work engagement was 3.36 ± 1.14. The main predictor variables of work engagement were gender (p = 0.007), years of work experience (p < 0.001), whether currently suffering challenges in the care of patients with COVID-19 (p = 0.003), depression (p < 0.001), work-related basic need satisfaction (p < 0.001), and mindfulness (p < 0.001). Healthcare professionals have a medium level of work engagement. Managers need to pay attention to the physical and psychological health of healthcare professionals, provide adequate support, help them overcome challenges, and acknowledge their contribution and value to improve their work engagement, enhance the quality of care and ensure patient safety.

Evaluation Study on the Layout of Community Senior Living Facilities in the Main Area of Shanghai from the Perspective of Senior Life Circle

The senior life circle is the basic unit space for building a high quality of senior living in the city, and the service level of the community senior facilities within it is directly related to the daily quality of life of the elderly residents. From the perspective of daily life needs, this study constructs a community senior living facility system consisting of “three levels, six categories and fourteen items”. Taking the main urban area of Shanghai as an example, the relationship between the supply and demand of community senior facilities and senior residents is studied from two perspectives: facility coverage and facility accessibility. The results show that: (1) the community senior living facilities system needs to be improved; (2) there are large gaps in the configuration of care facilities and living facilities; (3) the number of facilities served per capita shows the characteristics of “high value concentration in the center, middle value concentration in the transition area, and peripheral mixed”. The study recommends improving the construction of the facility system, broadening the service supply channels, enhancing the accessibility of facilities by grading and zoning, and promoting the sharing of facilities across administrative boundaries.

The Application of The Indigenization Technique in Modern Chinese Church Architecture

"Indigenization" is a process that presents a blend and adaptable feature by combining foreign elements with the local natural environment and cultural factors. Church buildings are the most tangible manifestation of the "indigenization" of Christianity. This paper discusses the application of indigenization techniques in modern Chinese Catholic church architecture from four aspects: layout, structure, materials, and decoration. In terms of layout, indigenization is reflected in space, plan, and orientation. The space mainly imitates traditional Western-style churches and simplifies with the simplification of function. In terms of plan form, the basic rectangular space is retained and combined with local architectural features to evolve into some new variants. Orientation, some churches have absorbed local building orientation patterns. In terms of structural indigenization, the main materials are stone, brick, and soil, and the building structure is mainly supported by load-bearing walls and wooden beams. In terms of material selection, indigenization techniques are mainly based on regional resource conditions and are combined with the characteristics of local residences and climate conditions. The choice of building materials is made by considering the availability, processing difficulty, and physical properties of materials. The application of decorative indigenization often borrows common decoration techniques from local residential buildings and combines them with traditional Chinese culture to create a unique Chinese and Western fusion style building, making the church better integrated into the local architectural community and accelerating local residents' acceptance of Catholicism.

Modelling an automated rainfall forecasting system using an optimized intelligent agent

Weather forecasting information is very crucial in decision making process regarding to activities and works, such as in the field of agriculture to determine initial growing season. Recently, climate change causes trouble in weather forecasting. Time series data analysis for forecasting, is one of the most important aspects of the practical usage. Time Series data is large in volume, highly dimensional and continuous updating. Accurate rainfall forecasting with the help of time series data analysis had helped in the field of agriculture, in evaluating drought and flooding situations in advance. The data used within this paper is taken from Automatic Digital Meteorological Station (NECOP Station) in National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA-Centre for Basic Space Science, Nsukka, Enugu State Nigeria). Those data include ambient temperature, air pressure, solar radiation, relative humidity, and wind speed etc. In this paper, rainfall forecasting models were developed for Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based on Levenberg-Marquardt training function and Multiple linear regression (MLR) and was used for the prediction. Based on experimental result, it was concluded that prediction using ANN model for NASRDA-CBSS weather data produced prediction with more than 90% accuracy while MLR prediction gives 70%.

A B5G Non-Terrestrial-Network (NTN) and Hybird Constellation Based Data Collection System (DCS)

In beyond 5G (B5G) non-terrestrial network (NTN) systems, satellite technologies play an important role. Especially for data collection systems (DCS), low-earth orbit satellites have many advantages. Such as global coverage, low latency, and high efficiency. As a miniaturization technology, CubeSat has attracted extensive attention from a large number of scholars. Satellite constellations can coordinate for distributed tasks. This paper proposes a B5G NTN-based data collection system. A CubeSat constellation achieves global coverage as the basic space platform for DCS. The 5G terrestrial network is used as the data bearer network of the gateway station. A traffic load balance strategy is proposed to optimize the system’s efficiency. As a unified hardware platform, software-defined radio (SDR) is compatible with various sensor data models. Finally, the design was verified by a series of experiments.

Sintesis Keterampilan Guru Mengajar Literasi Sains Melalui Keterampilan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi

The objective of this study is to measure teachers' skills in teaching scientific literacy based on High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). These teaching skills are seen from the planning of learning, preparation of learning media, teaching skills, mastery of teaching materials, and skills for conducting evaluations according to the level of literacy students need intervention, basic, capable, skilled, and need creative space. This study uses an explorative descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques using observation and in-depth interviews. The sample for this study consisted of 25 teachers at Islamic elementary schools (MI) in Sorong City and Sorong Regency, West Papua. Important research findings show that most teachers are skilled in teaching HOTS-based science literacy at the literacy level need intervention and at the basic level or cognitive level of remembering and understanding but have difficulty teaching at the skillful literacy level and need space for the creation or difficulty teaching at the evaluation and creation level on cognitive review.

Lightning fatalities and its correlation with social variables in Northwestern Mexico

This research analyzes lightning activity in Northwestern Mexico from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019, and seeks to correlate it with cloud-to-ground (CG) stroke attributed fatalities and social variables. The main purpose of this paper is to define the most relevant social variables in CG stroke fatalities in order to improve our current understanding of lightning hazard. The study’s contributors anticipate that these findings will provide insights to help mitigate the loss of human life in this region. The methodology employed in this study focuses on a geospatial analysis of the CG stroke density per square kilometer related to the 50 deaths that occurred in Northwestern Mexico within the five-year time frame studied. In addition, a social-vulnerability indicator is defined by data provided by governmental agencies to assess risk based on socio-economic conditions, including level of education, access to healthcare services, access to basic human services, housing quality and space, household assets, and poverty level of the population. The social-vulnerability indicator combines available data of the general population in comparison to the occurrence of CG stroke fatalities and can contribute to an improved risk assessment of the CG stroke hazard. This geospatial analysis has found that CG stroke fatalities do not necessarily coincide with higher CG stroke density; however, other variables correlate to CG stroke fatalities statistics, including social vulnerability, population type, seasonality (time of the year), grouped age and occupation. This conclusion was determined by applying a principal component analysis (PCA) technique to the definition of the variables most closely related to CG stroke fatalities for the studied time period and region. In addition, physiographic elements were considered to explore their possible influence on the highest CG stroke density and the occurrence of CG stroke fatalities.

General construction and classes of explicit L1-optimal couplings

The main scope of this paper is to give some explicit classes of examples of L1-optimal couplings. Optimal transportation w.r.t. the Kantorovich metric ℓ1 (resp. the Wasserstein metric W1) between two absolutely continuous measures is known since the basic papers of Kantorovich and Rubinstein (Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 115 (1957) 1058–1061) and Sudakov (Proc. Steklov Inst. Math. 141 (1979) 1–178) to occur on rays induced by a decomposition of the basic space (and more generally to higher dimensional decompositions in the case of general measures) induced by the corresponding dual potentials. Several papers have given this kind of structural result and established existence and uniqueness of solutions in varying generality. Since the dual problems pose typically too strong challenges to be solved in explicit form, these structural results have so far been applied for the solution of few particular instances. First, we give a self-contained review of some basic optimal coupling results and we propose and investigate in particular some basic principles for the construction of L1-optimal couplings given by a reduction principle and some usable forms of the decomposition method. This reduction principle, together with symmetry properties of the reduced measures, gives a hint to the decomposition of the space into sectors and via the non crossing property of optimal transport leads to the choice of transportation rays. The optimality of the induced transports is then a consequence of the characterization results of optimal couplings. Then, we apply these principles to determine in explicit form L1-optimal couplings for several classes of examples of elliptical distributions. In particular, we give for the first time a general construction of L1-optimal couplings between two bivariate Gaussian distributions. We also discuss optimality of special constructions like shifts and scalings, and provide an extended class of dual functionals allowing for the closed-form computation of the ℓ1-metric or of accurate lower bounds of it in a variety of examples.

Public action for housing: Reflections on trends in global housing unaffordability in large cities

ABSTRACT: Housing costs in relation to incomes have been increasing in many of the world's largest cities for decades. For urban residents at the lower end of urban income distributions, reasonably 'decent' housing providing basic health and space standards has become increasingly unaffordable. This leads to downward trends in their overall welfare as they are forced to make ever more difficult trade-offs between housing needs and other essential consumption costs such as food, water, heating and transport to work. The proportion of affected city residents has also increased with housing becoming unaffordable for those in income bands previously little affected. These are worldwide trends in large cities in both the so-called Global North and Global South. This paper reflects on the causes and outcomes of the housing unaffordability crisis. It begins by arguing that if even very basic housing standards are met, there is still a structural global urban housing dilemma, best understood not as a problem of supply but of lack of (monetary) demand as typical incomes from a vast array of urban employment are insufficient to cover basic housing costs. The remainder of the paper discusses the links between the negative trends evident in housing affordability and global shifts in the nature of capitalism and government policies from the end of the nineteenth century.