Basic Sequence Research Articles

A Novel Method of Chinese Electronic Medical Records Entity Labeling Based on BIC model

In the field of bio-medicine, mass data are generated every day, such as Chinese electronic medical record (EMR), containing massive medical terminology and specific categories of entities. The way to analyze and obtain effective information from these sparse data is a difficulty in research. As the foundation of analyzing huge amount of biomedical text data, Named Entity Recognition (NER) is essential in Natural Language Processing (NLP) complementing with effective labeling data. One of the two basic sequence labeling methods is rule-based bulk corpus tagging, requiring domain experts to establish targeted recognition rule base. However, in the application field, this method is single, and the portability does not make the expectation, bringing great limitations; The other is complete manual labeling, but it is time-consuming and laborious. Based on Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory network (BiLSTM), Iterated Dilated Convolution Neural Network (IDCNN) and Conditional Random Field (CRF), we proposed the BIC model. This paper proposes a method for EMR entity labeling based on BIC model, realizing automatic annotation of Chinese EMR data. Machine labeling data can be used after manual review, which will reduce the workload of manual labeling bestially. Compared with other models, F1 value of BIC model reached 91.90% in CCKS2017 dataset, and 78% in PACS report data. Experiments show that our method is superior to the others.

Conhecimento de estudantes da saúde sobre suporte básico de vida

The objective of this article is to identify basic life support knowledge of healthcare students of a higher education institution through the application of a questionnaire for students of the health area of all courses and current terms in the selected institution. This is a crosssectional study with a quantitative approach. The questionnaire was applied to 545 students and evaluated three domains in 25 questions: general knowledge, sequence of procedures, and the method of use of procedures. Our analysis showed that 28.1% of the interviewed knew the Basic Life Support sequence, 30.3% would call the emergency service timely, and 18.9% knew how to use the Automated External Defibrillator. This study shows some deficient knowledge on basic life support of the students interviewed, reinforcing the need for its continuous teaching and the importance of encouraging initiatives to disseminate the theme.

Design of a Centrifugal Compressor Test Rig

Centrifugal compressors find their use in many areas especially in turbochargers which are used extensively in automobiles and in aircrafts and defence systems. This paper presents the design of a complete test facility for testing centrifugal compressors. It starts with design of a Combustor - the driving unit for the test facility. The Centrifugal compressor being tested is a part of a turbocharger. The combustor feeds the Turbine side of the test section with hot gases for running the compressor at desired speeds. This particular choice eliminates the need for the inclusion of heavy speed reducing gears when an electric motor is used as the driving unit. The designed combustor was numerically simulated and subsequently optimized for the given working conditions. The simulated results showed good agreement with the target criteria. Further, the choice and placement of the measuring instruments for the entire test rig and their permissible deviations are listed and finally the basic operating sequence for the entire rig is also drafted for in-house development of automation of the entire test rig thereby making it a complete guide for the setting up of such facility, hitherto establishing a complete guideline of all subsystems which will enable in building such similar facilities in varying magnitudes in the future.

A DYNAMIC EXPLANATION MODEL FOR HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERFACE

The subject matter of the article is the processes of automated construction of explanations on the operation of an intelligent system for use in the human-computer interface. The goal is to develop a dynamic model of explanation for the human-computer interface using temporal knowledge about the process of functioning of the intelligent system. Temporal knowledge makes it possible to set possible sequences of decision-making actions in an intelligent system based on the known temporal order for pairs of such actions. Tasks: to develop an approach to constructing explanations for the operation of an intelligent system based on the use of temporal knowledge; development of a three-aspect model of explanations using temporal knowledge. The approaches used are: approaches to the construction of knowledge representation based on temporal dependencies, approaches to the construction of chatbot answers using rules, as well as with their automatic generation. The following results are obtained. The structuring of aspects of explanation taking into account the possibilities of their description with the help of temporal knowledge is performed; a temporal approach to constructing an explanation is proposed; a dynamic explanation model using temporal rules has been developed. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the results is as follows. A temporal approach to constructing explanations for the operation of an intelligent system is proposed. The approach describes explanation as a process consisting of a temporally ordered sequence of facts. The order of time for pairs of facts is determined by temporal rules. Such rules may define the explanation process with varying degrees of detail over time, depending on the request for clarification. Detailed explanations reflect the subject area model and include the basic and alternative sequences of actions performed by the intelligent system. The explanation of the basic patterns of the intelligent system makes it possible to interpret the limitations that affect the obtained solution. The explanation of the system as a whole provides an implicit reflection of the key causal relationships, which allows you to get a simplified interpretation of the results of the intelligent system. A dynamic model of describing explanations based on temporal knowledge for use in the human-computer interface is proposed. The model takes into account the description of actions in the subject area, the patterns of these actions, as well as generalized causal relationships between such patterns. The model provides an opportunity to present the dynamics of the process of functioning of the intelligent system with the required level of detail, as well as change the level of detail to clarify the explanation at the request of the user.

The Tat Protein of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Promotes Vascular Cell Growth and Locomotion by Engaging the α5β1 and αvβ3 Integrins and by Mobilizing Sequestered Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor

AbstractThe Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) has been shown to be released during acute infection of T cells by HIV-1 and to promote angiogenesis and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) development in infected individuals. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms responsible for the angiogenic effects of Tat. The results shown herein indicate that two different Tat domains cooperate to induce these effects by different pathways. The arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence present at the carboxyterminal of Tat mediates vascular cell migration and invasion by binding to the α5β1 and αvβ3 integrins. This interaction also provides endothelial cells with the adhesion signal they require to grow in response to mitogens. At the same time, the Tat basic sequence retrieves into a soluble form extracellular basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) bound to heparan sulfate proteoglycans by competing for heparin-binding sites. This soluble bFGF mediates Tat-induced vascular cell growth. These effects resemble those of extracellular matrix proteins, suggesting that Tat enhances angiogenesis and promotes KS progression by a molecular mimicry of these molecules.

Incorporated diffusion ordered heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectroscopy, 3D iDOSY-HMBC. Merging of diffusion delay with long polarization transfer delay of HMBC

3D iDOSY-HMBC pulse sequences allow the simplification of HMBC data of mixtures via separation in the diffusion domain. The presented methods utilize incorporated DOSY approach, iDOSY, where the existing delays of the basic pulse sequence are utilized for diffusion attenuation. In the simplest form of the proposed 3D iDOSY-HMBC sequences, no extra delays or RF-pulses were required, only two diffusion gradients were added within HMBC polarization transfer delay.

MRI physics and technical issues: Where do Italian radiographers search for information?

IntroductionOur aim was to investigate the means radiographers and radiographers in training (RTrs) use to seek information on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) physics and technical issues. MethodsAn estimated 3000 radiographers and RTrs were reached by e-mail. We proposed an online survey with eight English-language multiple choice questions investigating how often radiographers have doubts about MRI physics or technical issues, where and what kind of information they search for, and on which websites. The statistical χ2 test was used. ResultsWe obtained 300 answers from European professionals (228 radiographers, 72 RTrs) from 9 European countries, with 288 of 300 (96%) responses coming from Italy. Within the Italian respondents, 41% of RTrs have doubts about MRI physics versus 56% of radiographers (p = 0.028). Basic MRI sequences details are more searched by RTrs (36%) than radiographers (22%) (p = 0.088), as well as clinical protocols (64% versus 44%, p = 0.054). Radiographers and RTrs mostly search on the Internet (74% versus 81%, p = 0.404); “older colleagues” are more frequently asked for information by RTrs (27% versus 61%, p = 0.001), they consult the “MRI manufacturer” less frequently (11% versus 34%, p = 0.001); and 66% of radiographers and 72% of RTrs search “in mother-language and English” (p = 0.590). For clinical protocols RTrs prefer the website mriquestions.com (17% versus 44%, p = 0.001). Websites most used were: mriquestions.com (41%), radiopaedia.org (31%), and mrimaster.com (13%). In addition, 30 respondents mentioned using the Italian site fermononrespiri.com. ConclusionItalian radiographers and RTrs frequently search for information about MRI physics and technical issues, with slight differences between groups regarding sources and clinical protocols. Protocol setting, and MRI physics and sequences seem to be the main limitations of RTr knowledge. To remedy this gap, more time on training/university lectures and a rethinking of the practical training activities is required.

Aprendiendo a reanimar en la escuela. Estudio en escolares de 8-12 años

ObjectiveTo quantitatively assess the learning capacity of school children aged between 8-12 years in basic life support (theory and practice) after a feasible school training programme. Material and methodsQuasi-experimental study with a convenience sample of 567 pupils in 3rd, 5th and 1st year of Primary Education, and Compulsory Secondary Education, respectively, from 3 public schools in Galicia. They received 2h (one theoretical and another practical) of basic life support training by their Physical Education teachers, as part of the school program. The children were evaluated by a theoretical test and a practical skill test that measured the quality of chest compressions, and assessed the performance of the basic life support sequence. ResultsThe level of knowledge increased with respect to the baseline, and was higher in the higher grades (P<.001). The complete basic life support sequence was carried out by 16.5% of pupils in the 3rd year of Primary Education, 54.4% of pupils in the 5th year of Primary Education, and 28.5% of pupils in the 1st year of Secondary Education (P=.030). The following compression quality parameters improved significantly with age: continuity of compressions (P<.001), percentage of compressions performed at correct depth (P=.002), and median depth (P<.001), while the percentage of compressions with correct decompression decreased significantly (P<.001). ConclusionsAlthough their anthropometric characteristics may not allow them to achieve the ideal quality of this manoeuvre, a 2-h theoretical and practical training programme, taught by Physical Education teachers, helps to improve the ability of children younger than 13 years-old to recognise the emergency, start the chain of survival, and initiate chest compressions.

Weak compactness and fixed point property for affine bi-Lipschitz maps

Let X be a Banach space and let C be a closed convex bounded subset of X. It is proved that C is weakly compact if, and only if, C has the generic fixed point property (G-FPP) for the class of L-bi-Lipschitz affine mappings for every L>1. It is also proved that if X has Pełczyński's property (u), then either C is weakly compact, contains an ℓ1-sequence or a c0-summing basic sequence. In this case, weak compactness of C is equivalent to the G-FPP for the strengthened class of affine mappings that are uniformly bi-Lipschitz. We also introduce a generalized form of property (u), called property(su), and use it to prove that if X has property (su) then either C is weakly compact or contains a wide-(s) sequence which is uniformly shift equivalent. In this case, weak compactness in such spaces can also be characterized in terms of the G-FPP for affine uniformly bi-Lipschitz mappings. It is also proved that every Banach space with a spreading basis has property (su), thus property (su) is stronger than property (u). These results yield a significant strengthening of an important theorem of Benavides, Japón-Pineda and Prus published in 2004.

A Microbial Menace: Emerging Infections in the 21st Century

Microorganisms causing lethal diseases to have sabotaged human prosperity and well-being for many centuries. They live in each possible ecological niche on the earth and have colonized the world for quite a while. There is a larger part of microbial networks which are fundamental to human or other living creatures. But occasionally, numerous microorganisms are spotted as a pathogen as they can cause an intense irresistible sickness, they may enact the pathway that prompts ceaseless maladies, and subsequently, they become the greatest danger to humankind. Irresistible infections are straight on battle between the microbial world and the universe of human physiology. In the last 100 years, this microbial and human universe was massively changed in an unrivaled way by mighty and invincible development of mankind, with its overall effect on the earth by climatic changes, chemical concoctions, physical interactions, and cultural incitements. Also, on account of these, dangers related to microorganisms will suffice emerging, reemerging, and persevering. Some may cause recently perceived maladies; others might be once examined pathogens that are causing new and bigger populaces. Infectious agents which are also a living organism undergo genetic change and evolution. This caliber of microbes reveals their potential ability and possible capacity to infect new hosts, by modifications in their susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs, and furthermore rolling out extreme improvements in their gathering to have insusceptibility also making drastic changes in their reception to host immunity. Human conduct, both individual or collective too can be the complex factor in disease emergence. Currently, we are additionally confronting the dangers of purposely presented natural specialists. Infectious diseases will proceed as the significant reason for universal fatality [World Health Organization, 1992] and will never be repressed during our lifetimes. However, with the progress of scientific knowledge, completely arranged treatment procedures, better than average assets, and political confirmation, most of the ailments may be prevented. A portion of the significant methodologies could be immunization, utilization of medications, or vector control strategies. The 21st century has seen various cutting-edge innovations and pattern setting developments that improved life and wellbeing and regularly changed the business. Numerous new organically dynamic nano structures are being created, present day vaccinology has additionally gained tremendous ground lately utilizing current advances, combinatorial science has likewise developed as an effective instrument in the screening for new enemy of infections, microbial quality articulation profiling has quickly started to lead the pack in this field and is overriding basic genome sequencing.

Exploring Goldbach’s conjecture, the Pebonacci sequence and its five-dimensional vortex structure based on the logarithm of the circle

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; A method based on circle logarithm to prove Goldbach’s conjecture and Pebonacci sequence is proposed. Its essence is to deal with the real infinite series, each of the finite three elements (prime numbers, number series) has asymmetry problems, forming a basic even function one-variable quadratic equation and odd function one-variable three-dimensional number sequence; it is converted to "The irrelevant mathematical model expands latently in a closed interval of 0 to 1," forming a five-dimensional vortex space structure.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Ensemble deep learning in bioinformatics

The remarkable flexibility and adaptability of ensemble methods and deep learning models have led to the proliferation of their application in bioinformatics research. Traditionally, these two machine learning techniques have largely been treated as independent methodologies in bioinformatics applications. However, the recent emergence of ensemble deep learning—wherein the two machine learning techniques are combined to achieve synergistic improvements in model accuracy, stability and reproducibility—has prompted a new wave of research and application. Here, we share recent key developments in ensemble deep learning and look at how their contribution has benefited a wide range of bioinformatics research from basic sequence analysis to systems biology. While the application of ensemble deep learning in bioinformatics is diverse and multifaceted, we identify and discuss the common challenges and opportunities in the context of bioinformatics research. We hope this Review Article will bring together the broader community of machine learning researchers, bioinformaticians and biologists to foster future research and development in ensemble deep learning, and inspire novel bioinformatics applications that are unattainable by traditional methods. Recent developments in machine learning have seen the merging of ensemble and deep learning techniques. The authors review advances in ensemble deep learning methods and their applications in bioinformatics, and discuss the challenges and opportunities going forward.

Efficient testing of GUI applications by event sequence reduction

Automatic event sequence generation tools are widely used for testing GUI applications. With these tools, developers can easily test the target GUI applications with a large number of events and collect a group of crash-triggering sequences in a short time. However, some efficiency-oriented tools generate low-level events randomly based on coordinates of the screen instead of widgets, which leads to many ineffective events that have no contribution to the test. Besides, the randomly generated sequences may repeatedly operate on the same widget or jump to the same window, which increases the complexity of sequences and makes it difficult to extract key events that can lead to crashes. The sequence reduction technique can effectively help developers to understand the crashes and further improve the quality of code. In this paper, we propose a general model for the event sequence reduction problem on GUI applications. For better illustration, we take the random test generation tool Monkey as a concrete instance, which is widely used for testing Android applications, owing to its simplicity, effectiveness and good compatibility. To address the major drawbacks in original Monkey testing, in this paper, we attempt to enhance Monkey to support the sequence record-and-replay and propose a sequence reduction approach for Android apps, which helps the crash behavior comprehension and fault localization. By manually investigating the effectiveness of Monkey events, we find three types of ineffective events, including no-ops, single and combination of effect-free ones, and design nine reduction rules for them. To extract key events in one sequence for crash understanding, we analyze the state transition relation among events and propose a static GUI state hierarchy-tree-guided reduction approach. Additionally, we implement our approach in a tool CHARD to achieve event sequence reduction on real-world apps. We also design a semi-structured format to describe the actual behavior of events and improve the sequence comprehensibility. We collect 890 sequences from 74 applications as our benchmark, including 740 basic sequences, each of which contains 1,000 events, and 150 longer ones, each of which contains 10,000 events. CHARD can quickly identify 41.3% events as ineffective ones in the collected sequences. For sequences that can be stably replayed, over 94% of the reduced sequences keep the same functionalities as the original ones. By removing ineffective events, CHARD can be used as a pre-process part of the traditional delta-debugging process and make significant speed up. To evaluate the effectiveness of the key event extraction approach, we pick eight buggy applications and collect 40 crash-triggering event sequences generated by Monkey, the length of which varies from 19 to 2700. The results show that CHARD can successfully remove over 95.4% crash-irrelevant events in these crash-triggering sequences within around ten seconds, while the state-of-the-art delta-debugging tool removes 71.3% ones using over 27 hours, which indicates that CHARD can efficiently help the crash replay and sequence comprehension.

Antibiotic Effects of selected leaf extracts and molecular profile of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter bugandensis strain (AdM2)

Only healthy surface tissues of healthy animals that are constantly in contact with the environment can easily be colonized by various microbial species, including pathogenic ones. However, these microorganisms are usually the cause of opportunistic infections in animals. Two plants; Vernonia amygdalina (taxonomic ID number 112605) and Ocimum gratissimum (taxonomic ID number 112606) were identified at the Nigerian Federal Research Institute in Ibadan and subsequently concentrated with methanol, water and n-hexane. Twelve pre-slaughter healthy cattle in the same ratio of male to female were selected for this study. Samples from the mouth, skin, nose, vaginal and gastrointestinal tract were collected. Susceptibility patterns for antimicrobial agents were performed using disk-diffusion agar method. All isolates were subjected to bacteriological and molecular identification (PCR and sequencing techniques). Preliminary identification was carried out based on standard bacteriological, microscopic identification, biochemical criteria, while PCR and DNA sequencing techniques were used for molecular identification and analysis. Basic local alignment sequence tools (BLAST) were used to compare retrieved bacterial sequences to a set of previously published strains in the database. The morphological and biochemical profiles of six out of eight normal flora from different sites were Gram-negative. All bacterial cultures were oxidase-positive, including 7 catalase-positive cultures. The majority of isolated bacteria were moderately sensitive to all the extracts tested but resistant to Amoxylin. Noticeable amplification of 16S rRNA genes from Klebsiella pneumoniae strain EMB and Enterobacter bugandensis strain AdM2 was obtained. The amplification of the resistant genes of the two isolates was approximately 1,500 base pairs; however, some of the suspected virulence and antibiotic genes were within this base pair range.

MRI essentials in epileptology: a review from the ILAE Imaging Taskforce.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a central role in the management and evaluation of patients with epilepsy. It is important that structural MRI scans are optimally acquired and carefully reviewed by trained experts within the context of all available clinical data. The aim of this review is to discuss the essentials of MRI that will be useful to health care providers specialized in epilepsy, as outlined by the competencies and learning objectives of the recently developed ILAE curriculum. This review contains information on basic MRI principles, sequences, field strengths and safety, when to perform and repeat an MRI, epilepsy MRI protocol (HARNESS-MRI) and the basic reading guidelines, and common epileptic pathologies. More advanced topics such as MRI-negative epilepsy, functional MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging are also briefly discussed. Although the available resources can differ markedly across different centers, it is the hope that this review can provide general guidance in the everyday practice of using MRI for patients with epilepsy.

Multiple Signaling Roles of CD3ε and Its Application in CAR-T Cell Therapy

A Tcell receptor (TCR) mediates antigen-induced signaling through its associated CD3ε, δ, γ, and ζ, but the contributions of different CD3 chains remain elusive. Using quantitative mass spectrometry, we simultaneously quantitated the phosphorylation of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) of all CD3 chains upon TCR stimulation. A subpopulation of CD3ε ITAMs was mono-phosphorylated, owing to Lck kinase selectivity, and specifically recruited the inhibitory Csk kinase to attenuate TCR signaling, suggesting that TCR is a self-restrained signaling machinery containing both activating and inhibitory motifs. Moreover, we found that incorporation of the CD3ε cytoplasmic domain into a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) improved antitumor activity of CAR-T cells. Mechanistically, the Csk-recruiting ITAM of CD3ε reduced CAR-T cytokine production whereas the basic residue rich sequence (BRS) of CD3ε promoted CAR-T persistence via p85 recruitment. Collectively, CD3ε is a built-in multifunctional signal tuner, and increasing CD3 diversity represents a strategy to design next-generation CAR.

O FEMINISMO NA LITERATURA: A IMPORTÂNCIA DA VISIBILIDADE DA MULHER NO ENSINO DE LITERATURA NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA ATRAVÉS DO TEXTO COMPANHEIRAS DE ENEIDA DE MORAES

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma prática docente de letramento literário por meio da crônica Companheiras, da escritora Eneida de Moraes, com a aplicação da sequência básica proposta por Rildo Cosson (2014) e das propostas da interação com o texto literário. Especificamente, o foco da pesquisa-bibliográfica de cunho qualitativo consiste em uma proposta de aplicação de um projeto de leitura para turmas de Ensino Médio. Com intuito de mostrar a relevância da autoria e do protagonismo feminino nos estudos de literatura na educação básica, objetivando sistematizar prática de leitura motivacional que gere resultados satisfatórios quanto à interpretação da obra literária. Visto que o primeiro contato no que tange ao desenvolvimento do indivíduo como leitor, na maioria das vezes, ocorre nas escolas. Ainda sob o ponto de vista teórico, busca-se entender as vozes das mulheres na literatura e trazer práticas de leitura segundo os estudos de Duarte (2003), Cosson (2014), Hollanda (1993),Cândido (1989)e em que medida o trabalho com o texto literário pode corroborar na aquisição de múltiplas linguagens pelos discentes. O poder humanizador que o texto literário possui sobre o indivíduo.Por fim, buscou-se promover uma sequência didática humanizada, com vozes femininas, dialogando com os estudos culturais.

Biochemical determinants of the IGFBP-3-hyaluronan interaction.

IGFBP-3, the most abundant IGFBP and the main carrier of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the circulation, can bind IGF-1 with high affinity, which attenuates IGF/IGF-IR interactions, thereby resulting in antiproliferative effects. The C-terminal domain of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) is known to contain an 18-basic amino acid motif capable of interacting with either humanin (HN) or hyaluronan (HA). We previously showed that the 18-amino acid IGFBP-3 peptide is capable of binding either HA or HN with comparable affinities to the full-length IGFBP-3 protein and that IGFBP-3 can compete with the HA receptor, CD44, for binding HA. Blocking the interaction between HA and CD44 reduced viability of A549 human lung cancer cells. In this study, we set out to better characterize IGFBP-3-HA interactions. We show that both stereochemistry and amino acid identity are important determinants of the interaction between the IGFBP-3 peptide and HA and for the peptide's ability to exert its cytotoxic effects. Binding of IGFBP-3 to either HA or HN was unaffected by glycosylation or reduction of IGFBP-3, suggesting that the basic 18-amino acid residue sequence of IGFBP-3 remains accessible for interaction with either HN or HA upon glycosylation or reduction of the full-length protein. Removing N-linked oligosaccharides from CD44 increased its ability to compete with IGFBP-3 for binding HA, while reduction of CD44 rendered the protein relatively ineffective at blocking IGFBP-3-HA interactions. We conclude that both deglycosylation and disulfide bond formation are important for CD44 to compete with IGFBP-3 for binding HA.

Resistance is Futile? Ceramic Technology and Social Change in Later Iron Age and Early Roman Britain: Silchester Ware as a Case Study

ABSTRACTWhile the basic sequence of innovations that characterise ceramic production in southern Britain during the first centuriesb.c. anda.d. is well-established, our understanding of resistance to these innovations remains in its infancy. Led by the theoretical principles of social constructionism, this paper presents a detailed technological characterisation of Silchester ware, a hand-built ceramic type common in late Iron Age and early Roman Berkshire and northern Hampshire, and a conspicuous example of technological and stylistic anachronism when compared to contemporary wheel-made pottery. Multi-period analyses using radiography, petrography and typology indicate that Silchester ware was not merely a technological ‘hangover’, but a traditional form of material culture with its own role in changing socio-economic structures. Contextualisation of the findings within the local archaeological background further suggests that Silchester ware may have been instrumental in the maintenance of local community and identity at a time when these aspects of social life were under threat. Supplementary material available online (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X20000355) comprises a characterisation of thechaînes opératoiresof Silchester ware and its middle Iron Age antecedents, and a summarised version of the data, interpretations and the original radiographs.

LETRAMENTO LITERÁRIO : UMA PROPOSTA DE EXPERIÊNCIA ESTÉTICA NA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE

Esse artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma proposta de letramento literário feita com professores da rede municipal de ensino, do primeiro ciclo do ensino fundamental no município de Porto Velho – RO. O letramento literário é um objeto do conhecimento apresentado pela Base Nacional Comum Curricular e percebemos a dificuldade dos professores em executar uma metodologia que desenvolva o estético e o reflexivo nas crianças. Para desenvolver a proposta, utilizamos os seguintes fundamentos: Rildo Cosson, Hans Jauss, Wolfang Iser, partindo do princípio de que a experiência estética é também uma experiência reflexiva e humanizadora e o professor deve ser o mediador no processo do contato leitor/obra. Utilizamos a metodologia da sequência básica, proposta por Rildo Cosson dividida em quatro momentos: motivação, apresentação, leitura e interpretação. A obra escolhida foi O voo do Golfinho do autor Ondjaki. As atividades práticas realizadas pelos professores evidenciaram o interesse de todos em ampliar suas práticas pedagógicas, a fim de promover, pela escolarização da literatura, o letramento literário de seus alunos.