Basic Sense Research Articles

Understanding Poor Adjustment in Schizotypy: A Prospective Study of the Role of Self During Late Adolescence and Early Adulthood

Our aims were to (a) examine whether emerging adults on the schizophrenia spectrum ( schizotypy) differed from non-spectrum peers in social, emotional, and academic adjustment to university; and (b) determine the role of the basic and narrative selves in adjustment. Schizotypy ( n = 30) and non-schizotypy comparison ( n = 29) participants, who were selected from a larger pool of undergraduates ( n = 310) screened in a baseline assessment, completed measures of adjustment and of basic and narrative selves. The schizotypy group had lower academic and emotional adjustment scores but did not differ in social adjustment. The basic sense of self explained the differences in levels of social and emotional adjustment for cognitive–perceptual but not for disorganized and interpersonal schizotypy. That is, poor adjustment is explained via basic self in positive but not negative components of schizotypy. Narrative self did not explain any of the adjustment scores associated with schizotypy.

Long-Term Outcome of Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa: Family Treatment Apartments Compared With Child Psychiatric Inpatient Treatment.

Introduction: The family is rarely involved in treatment when the patient with anorexia nervosa (AN) is hospitalized. Family treatment apartment (FTA) represents an intervention that includes the family in the intensive treatment of AN. This study compares the short- and long-term outcomes of adolescents treated in FTA with those who received inpatient hospital care. In FTA, the parents are responsible for providing meal support, whereas in hospital care, the staff is responsible.Methods: Sixty-eight previous patients admitted during the period 1990–2009 participated in a follow-up, 43 from the FTA where the whole family is admitted for treatment and 25 from regular psychiatric inpatient care. The follow-up consisted of a personal meeting with structured interviews, measurement of height and weight, and self-rating questionnaires.Result: Readmissions due to weight loss within 6 months from discharge were less common in the FTA group. At follow-up, 14.2 years after admission, there was no difference in eating disorder pathology between the groups. There were significantly lower scores on general psychiatric pathology and significantly higher scores on quality of life in the FTA group.Discussion: The treatment in FTA aims to give the family the ability to handle AN when it is most challenging. FTA may thus provide a helpful context for treatment with a basic sense of security along with skills that could contribute to better general mental health at follow-up.

Word sense induction using leader-follower clustering of automatically generated lexical substitutes

Word Sense Induction (WSI) concerns the automatic identification of the various senses of polysemous words. Any improvement in this process can directly affect the quality of the applications in which knowing the word’s senses is important. For example, word sense disambiguation, information retrieval, and clustering of web search result in lexically ambiguous queries. In this paper, we propose a novel WSI model that makes use of automatically generated lexical substitutes for a target word to construct a graph and data preparation for the next steps. Following the data preparation step, we make use of Leader–Follower graph clustering to find the basic senses of the target word. The senses of the target word inside the remaining or new upcoming instances will be decided according to their contextual embedding’s similarities with the basic sense. Besides, to make the number of found sense groups of a target word much closer to the reality, we apply post-processing at the end. The results of experiments on SemEval2010 dataset confirm that the proposed method outperforms all the state-of-the-art solutions in terms of both harmonic and geometric v-measure and f-score with a lower average number of sense groups.

Spatial routinization and a ‘secure base’ in displacement processes: Understanding place attachment through the security-exploratory cycle and urban ontological security frameworks

Place attachment theory derives many insights from disruptions to place attachment, such as displacement, migration and changing landscapes. Development-induced displacement – a specific involuntary disruption to place attachment - invites a particular examination. This paper examines a lengthy process of development-induce displacement in Bangalore, India and draws new insights on place attachment as a structure and a process. The loss of routine and the sense of time-space continuity, in addition to the severe impoverishment that most displaced people encounter, are unpacked with security-exploratory model from interpersonal attachment theory and with the framework of urban ontological security. We argue that spatial routinization encapsulates the social and spatial attributes of continuity and forms the secure base needed to explore the world. Thus, positive and strong place attachment is established through the process of routinization (i.e., a secure base) that enables physical and mental space for exploration. Our findings strengthen the theoretical links between attachment and place attachment theories. Moreover, this study positions the act of displacement not only as obscuring material and citizenship rights of the displaced but also as depriving basic sense of humaneness.

Understanding schizophrenia as a self-disturbance

Introduction Phenomenolgical theory has contributed to a renewed understanding of schizophrenia, as a supplemental perspective to contemporary operationalistic theories. Phenomenological research with patients suffering from schizophrenia emphasizes the nature of subjectivity and suggests that a basic disturbance of the self can be understood as a core phenotypic marker of shizophrenia.ObjectivesTo briefly present and discuss the phenomenological theory of self-disturbance, illustrated through a case.MethodsIn this case study we briefly present the phenomenological theory for self-disturbance. We illustrate the theory by presenting elements from a case involving a patient that suffers from schizophrenia. Our focus in on how the self-disturbance is experienced by the patient and how the therapist can address this experience. The challenges in psychotherapy related to the phenomenon of self-disturbance and the implications for examination and treatment are discussed.Results The patient gives a detailed description of how he experiences a diminished basic sense of self. Central elements in his experience are a loss of a common-sense ability, hyperreflexivity, and a loss of a first-person perspective. He describes how this disorder creates difficulties in communication, relationships, treatment, and in coping with life. He also describes which elements of his treatment that he has experienced as the most helpful. The case underlines the importance of considering the concept of self-disturbance in psychotherapy.ConclusionsIn this case study, we draw on phenomenological theory to gain insight into a patient’s experiences relating to the concept of self-disturbance.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Perception of One's Own Body within an Immersive Realistic Environment Enhances Accuracy and Re-Experiencing During Memory Retrieval

Our bodies provide a necessary scaffold for memories of past events. Yet, we are just beginning to understand how feelings of one’s own body during the encoding of realistic events shape memory. Participants formed memories for immersive, lifelike events by watching pre-recorded 3D videos that involved a first-person view of a mannequin’s body through head mounted displays. We manipulated feelings of body ownership over the mannequin using a perceptual full-body illusion. Participants completed cued recall questions and subjective ratings (i.e. degree of reliving, emotional intensity, vividness, and belief in memory accuracy) for each video immediately following encoding and one week later. Sensing the mannequin’s body as one’s own during encoding enhanced memory accuracy across testing points, immediate reliving, and delayed emotional intensity, vividness, and belief in memory accuracy. These findings demonstrate that a basic sense of bodily selfhood provides a crucial foundation for the accurate reliving of the past.

КРИЗОВА СИТУАЦІЯ ЯК ДЖЕРЕЛО РОЗВИТКУ ОСОБИСТОСТІ

У статті подано результати досліджень психологічного змісту понять «криза», «критична ситуація», «кризова ситуація». Розглянуто можливі варіанти поведінки суб’єкта кризових ситуацій: конструктивний та деструктивний. З позицій діяльнісного підходу доведено, що кризова ситуація є джерелом розвитку особистості, при цьому рушійною силою розвитку є особистісна активність суб’єкта саморозвитку, яка і визначає модель поведінки людини в кризових ситуаціях.

Native Language Awareness of Preservice Teachers

<p style="text-align:justify">The language, in the most basic sense, is a means of communication among people. Since the proper and effective use of people’s native language will shape the whole life of an individual, individuals are expected to have native language awareness. There is a strong bilateral relationship between the effective use of native language and native language awareness. All the teachers/preservice teachers and especially native language teachers/preservice teachers, who are role models as being instructors, are expected to have this awareness and help students to gain and transfer it to the future generations. By this motivation, this study aims to examine language awareness of preservice teachers, an example from Turkey. Through phenomenological design of the qualitative research methods, it has been aimed to reach this goal. Accordingly, the data were collected through semi-structured and structured opinion forms from 60 preservice teachers studying in a state university. In the study, it was seen that preservice teachers generally have this awareness. It has been revealed that the preservice teachers tend to correct their use of language that they think is wrong, they investigate the word they do not know the spelling when they are indecisive, and they mostly find it necessary to obey the language rules in multimedia. It was concluded that attention in the use of language emphasizes the negativities to be encountered in the dimension of providing social communication in daily life.</p>

Evolutionary Robotics Controllers with Proprioception Facilitated by Neural-Network-Based Simulators.

Taking inspiration from the navigation ability of humans, this study investigated a method of providing robotic controllers with a basic sense of position. It incorporated robotic simulators into robotic controllers to provide them with a mechanism to approximate the effects their actions had on the robot. Controllers with and without internal simulators were tested and compared. The proposed controller architecture was shown to outperform the regular controller architecture. However, the longer an internal simulator was executed, the more inaccurate it became. Thus, the performance of controllers with internal simulators reduced over time unless their internal simulator was periodically corrected.

Basic human values and sense of community as resource and responsibility

AbstractThe study aimed at exploring the relationship between basic human values and sense of community (SOC). Specifically, it aimed at identifying which types of values exert an impact, whether these values are consistent with SOC as a resource and responsibility (SOC‐R), and whether the values‐SOC/SOC‐R relations change according to some community characteristics (i.e., stability and cohesion). The 1,334 participants in the survey were based in different local communities and completed a self‐report questionnaire containing measures of values, SOC, SOC‐R, perceived community cohesion, and stability. Results revealed a consistent pattern of values‐SOC/SOC‐R relations that support each of the respective theories and confirmed that SOC and SOC‐R are two separate constructs. Values sustaining SOC/SOC‐R (i.e., self‐transcendence and conservation) were also shown to increase SOC/SOC‐R when communities were perceived as low in stability and cohesion. Finally, the implications and limitations of the study are discussed.

Semantičke strukture glagola play i igrati iz ugla teorije prototipa i njihov rečnički prikaz

In this paper, an analysis of the semantic structures of the English verb play and the Serbian verb igrati has been carried out according to the principles of the prototype theory as well as an analysis of the lexicographic representation of these structures in Oxford Dictionary of English (in its online version) and Rečnik srpskoga jezika Matice srpske (2011) as leading representatives of the lexicographic practice of the two languages. Since it has been observed that relations among senses of each of the two verbs are not all quite obvious and clear, the aim of the analysis has been to examine mutual semantic-derivational relatedness of these senses and, simultaneously, to answer the question whether semantic structures of these verbs are polysemous and, consequently, whether displaying all senses of each of these verbs within the same dictionary entry is justified. Also, the analysis has aimed at discovering how faithfully and precisely the structure and organization of entries in the two dictionaries reflect the internal organization of the given semantic structures and mutual relatedness of their senses taking into account the results of the analysis. An inventory of senses of the two verbs has been collected on the basis of their entries in the analysed dictionaries. For each sense, its derivational path has been identified including the sense which it has been derived from as well as the mechanism employed in this semantic derivation. This analysis has revealed that there are four motivated semantic networks within the semantic structure of the verb play and three such networks in the semantic structure of the verb igrati. Each of these networks includes senses which are derived from the common basic or prototypical sense directly or indirectly and, therefore, related on the basis of the family resemblance principle. The basic senses of all the networks identified within the structure of each of the verbs are also mutually related due to the fact that they share the same prototype. Hence, the identified networks, in the case of both verbs, form a unified semantic structure, which can be regarded as polysemous. This observation leads to the conclusion that the representation of these structures in the analysed dictionaries within one entry is justified. It has also been observed that the structure and organization of the entry for the verb play in the analysed dictionary of English quite precisely reflect the internal organization of the given polysemous structure since it adequately groups senses according to their semantic-derivational relatedness within the identified motivated networks and clearly emphasizes the basic sense of each network. The faithfulness of this reflection is achieved to a great extent, though not completely. However, the structure and organization of the entry for the verb igrati in the analysed dictionary of Serbian does not match the internal organization of the given polysemous structure.

MOTIVATIVE POTENTIAL OF A TEENAGEER DURING DISTANCE LEARNING

MOTIVATIVE POTENTIAL OF A TEENAGEER DURING DISTANCE LEARNING

The Philosophical Attitude of Eugene Hütz, Singer of Gogol Bordello

The Philosophical Attitude of Eugene Hütz, Singer of Gogol Bordello

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПЕРЕЖИВАНИЯ ЭКЗИСТЕНЦИАЛЬНОГО ОПЫТА И ЕГО СВЯЗЬ С ТРЕВОЖНОСТЬЮ В ПЕРИОД ПАНДЕМИИ COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a real shock, forcing people to question the basic sense of security and face existential givens, such as finiteness of life, loneliness, freedom and meaning. The ongoing epidemic has sparked a wave of research on the mechanisms of effective stress coping in the situation of threat to life and safety. At the same time, more scientists are emphasizing the existential nature of anxiety caused by the pandemic, and the results of recent studies indicate a mediating role of existential anxiety between the symptoms of post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth. The purpose of this research is to study the aspects of processing existential experience and its connection with coping with anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic. The study analyzed written interviews of 108 subjects aged 25-45 years, held during the second wave of coronavirus in Moscow, for the presence of existential issues of death, loneliness, freedom and meaning. The types of processing existential experience were distinguished; an empirical analysis of the connection between the aspects of processing the existential experience and trait anxiety was carried out. Results showed that 90% of respondents are confronted with one or more existential given, which may indicate the presence of a situational existential crisis. A connection has been found between an emotional processing of existential experience together with the availability of personal resources and successful stress coping during the pandemic. The necessity of including fundamental existential issues in the process of providing psychological help during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as assistance to people, who have had traumatic experiences, has been argued.

Multi-Modal Physiological Data Fusion for Affect Estimation Using Deep Learning

Automated momentary estimation of positive and negative affects (PA and NA), the basic sense of feeling, can play an essential role in detecting the early signs of mood disorders. Physiological wearable sensors and machine learning have a potential to make such automated and continuous measurements. However, the physiological signals' features that are associated with the subject-reported PA or NA may not be known. In this work, we use data-driven feature extraction based on deep learning to investigate the application of raw physiological signals for estimating PA and NA. Specifically, we propose two multi-modal data fusion methods with deep Convolutional Neural Networks. We use the proposed architecture to estimate PA and NA and also classify baseline, stress, and amusement emotions. The training and evaluation of the methods are performed using four physiological and one chest motion signal modalities collected using a chest sensing unit from 15 subjects. Overall, our proposed model performed better than traditional machine learning on hand-crafted features. Utilizing only two modalities, our proposed model estimated PA with a correlation of 0.69 (P<; 0.05) vs. 0.59 (P<; 0.05) with traditional machine learning. These correlations were 0.79 (P<; 0.05) vs. 0.73 (P<; 0.05) for NA estimation. The best emotion classification was achieved by the traditional method with 79% F1-score and 80% accuracy when all the four physiological modalities are used. This is while with only two modalities, the deep learning achieved 78% F1-score and 79% accuracy.

What, After All, Is the Work of Culture?

AbstractThis paper offers an overview of Joseph Margolis’s philosophy of culture, highlighting how Margolis’s radical historicism is not inconsistent with our realistic intuitions regrading facts and objectivity. While Margolis identifies interpretation as the work of culture, the paper suggests that a much more basic sense of human labor needs to be thematized more fully than Margolis does in any defensible account of culture. Margolis of course appreciates work in this sense, but he does not consistently make it integral to his conception of culture. Even so, what he so forcefully defends is, as one commentator has put it, “beautiful. It’s also erudite, elegant, and insightful (and frightfully, dialectically intricate).”

How Feminist is the Belarusian Revolution? Female Agency and Participation in the 2020 Post-Election Protests

Belarusian women stand at the forefront of post-election protests. Their participation is seen as unprecedented and is often perceived as a “revolution with a female face.” It did not start as a feminist project, however, but rather as a reaction to mass-scale arrests of male participants during the first days of protests. At the same time, is it possible to characterize female involvement in women's chains of solidarity and then regular Saturday demonstrations as a “feminist project” when one takes into account the usage of traditional feminine images and feminine aesthetics during the protests? On the other hand, even the symbolic subversion of patriarchal stereotypes present on the posters seems to have its limits when violence is inflicted by the representatives of special military forces. This essay will examine the agentic nature of female protests and the ways of expressing dignity in times when a basic sense of security is lacking. I will look at situational individual acts of agency and how these acts characterize female participants of the protests as a group that is aware of its resources and power. The text will be based on the analysis of media discourse and visual materials.

Using Deliberative Democracy for Better Urban Decision-Making through Integrative Thinking

This article expands the evidence about integrative thinking by analyzing two case studies that applied the collaborative decision-making method of deliberative democracy which encourages representative, deliberative and influential public participation. The four-year case studies took place in Western Australia, (1) in the capital city Perth and surrounds, and (2) in the city-region of Greater Geraldton. Both aimed at resolving complex and wicked urban sustainability challenges as they arose. The analysis suggests that a new way of thinking, namely integrative thinking, emerged during the deliberations to produce operative outcomes for decision-makers. Building on theory and research demonstrating that deliberative designs lead to improved reasoning about complex issues, the two case studies show that through discourse based on deliberative norms, participants developed different mindsets, remaining open-minded, intuitive and representative of ordinary people’s basic common sense. This spontaneous appearance of integrative thinking enabled sound decision-making about complex and wicked sustainability-related urban issues. In both case studies, the participants exhibited all characteristics of integrative thinking to produce outcomes for decision-makers: salience—grasping the problems’ multiple aspects; causality—identifying multiple sources of impacts; sequencing—keeping the whole in view while focusing on specific aspects; and resolution—discovering novel ways that avoided bad choice trade-offs.

Between Shame and Fear. Review of Selected Cognitive Models of Shame in Lithuanian (On the Basis of Text and Lexicographic Data)

Linguistic and cultural research of concepts of emotional states and values finds its place among the most frequently chosen research directions in contemporary linguistics. Such popularity could be determined, on the one hand, by the desire to penetrate the complicated mental structure of human consciousness and its cognitive and cultural determinants. On the other hand, it is due to the belief in close links between language, human cognitive abilities and culture, resulting from cognitive sciences, as well as treating the research on linguistic structures and semantics of language as a tool for reaching the way of understanding and evaluating the world (cf. Bartmiński 2007; Geeraerts 2006, Evans, Green 2006). This conviction is of particular importance in the study of the lexicalization of objects and abstracts invisible to the naked eye, including emotional states.One of the main goals of the analysis of the names of emotions is revealing the way of understanding and evaluating the underlying emotional states and the experiences associated with them. In order to achieve this goal, conceptual representations of individual categories of feelings are reconstructed on the basis of the American cognitive models proposed by cognitive scientists or the base image profiles proposed by J. Bartmiński. The aim of this article is to present cognitive models and lexical units related to them, which constitute a specific borderline of emotional states of SHAME and FEAR, e. g. shame as fear of rejection, fear as a consequence of shame, etc. Thus, these are cases of linguistically certified transmissions of certain aspects of the feeling of shame and fear and their mutual convergence. The analysis presents a linguistic image of the areas of emotional experiences that constitute the periphery of the category of feelings from the family of SHAME, but not yet included in the category of feelings of FEAR in its basic sense.

Balancing Juvenile Crime and Justice as a Response to Growing Youth Crimes

A child is a person who is going to carry on what you have started.... He will assume control of your cities, States, and nations. He is going to move in and take over your churches, schools, universities, and corporations ... the fate of humanity is in his hands. - Abraham Lincoln Over past twenty years, the society have undergone a tremendous change in terms of ideologies and moral perspective. What was considered as immoral or unethical a decade ago is now considered as completely normal. People in order to achieve the goal of a better life are moving forward with faster than ever to open the doors to a better and developed society and in the process, they haven’t paid much attention to self-introspection. This has impacted the lives of children more than we can think of. Children are also exposed to the competitive environment where there is a continuous pressure to do better than others however this deprive them of the basic common sense, sympathy and moral values which were to be taught to them since a younger age. Children are growing ahead of their age and have knowledge of the things which even adults lack however this knowledge comes at an expense. Children today are involved in crimes that can’t be justified by highlighting their dark past. Nirbhaya Case (Delhi Gang Rape case) was an eye opener which shed light on the kind of crimes a 17-year-old can commit. All the legislation whether it be in India or any other country, the main aim has always been to make laws to protect the child till date however now it’s time to make laws to protect the society from the heinous crimes committed by children under the pretence of immaturity. There has always been a difference opinion when it comes to question of what and how much punishment is suitable for the minors. The conflicts always arise as to at what age and crime a child should be tried as an adult in the court and what is the basis to decide it. This article is an attempt to understand the present Indian Legislations with reference to the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) Act, 2015 drafted for the children who act in conflict with law and whether under given circumstances these legislations are enough for creating a balance between the crime and justice in juvenile cases. Many countries including USA and UK have amended their laws considering the rising crime rate of the crime committed by minors. This article is an attempt to compare the laws of different nations along with the international laws laid down for the same. The main objective behind the research is to understand that where the legislations are still lacking with respect to the recent cases in and try to look for a middle way out for the same along with measures that can be adopted to decrease these crimes.